Eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of Turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents.Eleven minor and major elements(essential,non-essential and toxic)...Eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of Turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents.Eleven minor and major elements(essential,non-essential and toxic)were identified in the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.,Althaea officinalis L.,Verbascum phlomoides L.,Euphorbia chamaesyce L.,Zizyphus jujube Miller,Peganum harmala L.,Arum dioscoridis Sm.,Sambucus nigra L.,Piper longum L.,Tussilago farfara L.and Elettaria cardamomum Maton by employing flame atomic absorption and emission spectrometry and electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Microwave digestion procedure for total concentration was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of medicinal plants.Plant based biological certified reference materials(CRMs)served as standards for quantification.These elements are found to be present in varying concentrations in the studied plants.The baseline data presented in this work can be used in understanding the role of essential,non-essential and toxic elements in nutritive,preventive and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature survey on medicinal plants documented for use in malaria,and to create a comprehensive database documenting the usage and preparation of these medicinal plants for malaria.METHODS A...OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature survey on medicinal plants documented for use in malaria,and to create a comprehensive database documenting the usage and preparation of these medicinal plants for malaria.METHODS A search was done through Scopus,ScienceDirect,and PubMed,on all ethnobotanical surveys that were specifically done on medicinal plants used in malaria using the keywords″ethnobotanical″,″survey″,″ethnopharmacological″,and″malaria″.In addition,Dr Duke′s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database,and books on medicinal plants from the Library of Botany and Horticulture,Singapore Botanic Gardens,and the Medical and Science Libraries,National University of Singapore,were used in the search.Plants used specifically as quinine substitutes were also included.Plants that were reported to be used solely for fever(other than malarial fever),external application,or insect repelling property,were excluded.Data collected were analyzed according to family,genus,location of use,method of preparation,part used,and indication(treatment and/or prevention).RESULTS A total of 1739 plants from 185 families and 973 genera were reportedly used for malaria globally,with 59 plantsused in three or more continents.Of these,11 were used in four continents for malaria,and 7of these can be found in Singapore.Anti-malarial plants from the family Fabaceae and the genus Vernoniawere the most commonly reported.Most of the plants are prepared as decoctions,followed by infusions.Leaves were most frequently used,followed by roots,and bark.97.8% of the plants are used solely for curative purposes,1.8% of the plants are both curative and prophylactic,while 0.4% are solely prophylactic.Priority of plants for further research could either focus on geographical extent of use,plant family,or genus.CONCLUSION An extensive database documenting the medicinal plants used for malaria has been compiled.Sustained interest in anti-malarial medicinal plant research is evident over the past decade.Promising plants for further research is presented.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To gather information regarding the usage of fresh medicinal plants and users′perceptions via face-to-face interviews.To date,there is no published report of firsthand account of their usage in Singapore.Su...OBJECTIVE To gather information regarding the usage of fresh medicinal plants and users′perceptions via face-to-face interviews.To date,there is no published report of firsthand account of their usage in Singapore.Such important information may be permanently lost if not properly collated in time.METHODS Information on demographic data,plant-use methods and perception of usage was collated.Participants were recruited via the local newspapers,by word of mouth etc.The survey protocol was approved by the NUS Institutional Review Board.Fresh plant samples/photographs were obtained from the users and voucher specimens were kept.RESULTS Two hundredusers who have used a total of 103 species of fresh medicinal plants anytime in the last 5years participated in the survey.The five most commonly used plants were Clinacanthusnutans(34 users),Strobilanthescrispus(31 users),Pereskiableo(25 users),Aloe vera(18 users),and Zingiberofficinale(16 users).The top 3 most commonly cited medical conditions were diseases of respiratory system(50 users),neoplasm(29 users)anddiseases of circulatory system(20 users).A total of 173 users(86.5%)did not consult any healthcare professional for advice about plant usage,and only one user consulted the pharmacist.Some of the common reasons given for using fresh medicinal plants were recommendation by others(150,75.0%),efficacy(137,68.5%),and safety(117,58.5%).Most users(170,85.0%)were satisfied or highly satisfied with the outcome of plants used.CONCLUSION Two hundred users of fresh medicinal plants have been successfully interviewed and the information documented systematically in a database.The results suggest that fresh medicinal plants have a role to play in healthcare in modern society.The information collated will serve as a useful resource for identifying promising plants for future drug discovery efforts.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Human metapneumovirus(hMPV)is semblable to respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)which causes respiratory infections typically characterized by cough,runny nose,fever,and nasal congestion but sometimes progressing...OBJECTIVE Human metapneumovirus(hMPV)is semblable to respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)which causes respiratory infections typically characterized by cough,runny nose,fever,and nasal congestion but sometimes progressing to bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Whereas,there is no corresponding drug to inhabit the virus.Studies of new compounds with potential anti-HMPV activity could produce clinical value.Chinese herbal medicine played a great role during COVID-19,therefore we choose some small molecular(JH001)extracted from botany to investigate therapeutic effect on hMPV and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS In this study,16HBE cells were used as a model to explore in vitro antiviral effect.Cytotoxicity assays were performed before the antiviral tests,cell viability of 16HBE cells handled by different concentration of JH001 was estimated by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Then RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence,and flow cytometer were used to test the viral titer after cells infected with hMPV.Eventually,6-8 weeks mice were infected intranasally with 60μL of hMPV,the control group was treated with 0.9%saline water,other groups were administered with JH001 and ribavirin,then the lung virus titer and protective effect in lung were judged.RESULTS The obtained JH001 exhibited no cytotoxicity to 16HBE cells during 6.25-200μmol·L^(-1).RT-QPCR demonstrated that JH001 showed obvious inhabitation to the viral replication and showed great significance compared with saline.And fluorescence exhibited distinct decrease of hMPV-N protein,flow cytometer results showed that MFI decrease evidently.Significant reduction of N-gene expression was observed in those mice treated with JH001 compared with saline group,which indicated that JH001 probably had protective and therapeutic effect on viral replication.CONCLUSION This study illustrated that JH001 might be a promising option for small molecular against hMPV and JH001 might be worthy of further development and used as a potential therapeutic strategy for other respiratory viruses in the future.展开更多
慢性病患者的长期管理是基层医疗的核心任务之一,患者的规律随访(TR)与疾病预后密切相关。近期Annals of Family Medicine刊发了一篇文章《Teamwork among Primary Care Staff to Achieve Regular Follow-Up of Chronic Patients》,该...慢性病患者的长期管理是基层医疗的核心任务之一,患者的规律随访(TR)与疾病预后密切相关。近期Annals of Family Medicine刊发了一篇文章《Teamwork among Primary Care Staff to Achieve Regular Follow-Up of Chronic Patients》,该文章指出慢性病患者的TR面临多重挑战,既往研究多聚焦于患者个体因素,而忽视了医疗团队动态对随访率的潜在影响。展开更多
OBJECTIVE The emergence of evolving variants of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has fostered the need for change of newer and adaptive treatments for these infections.During the COVID-19 pandemic and persists,tradit...OBJECTIVE The emergence of evolving variants of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has fostered the need for change of newer and adaptive treatments for these infections.During the COVID-19 pandemic and persists,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herbs exhibit significant bioactivity and therapeutic effect.This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four TCM preparations on 28-day mortality risk of patients and changes of the laboratory indicators.METHODS The retrospective cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 15,2022 to January 15,2023,and those died within 48 hours of admission or cannot be tracked for outcomes were excluded.The primary outcome was survival status in 28 days(death or survival)starting from the day of admission.The second outcomes were laboratory indicators,including absolute lymphocyte count,lactate dehydrogenase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen.Binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the effect of TCM preparations on the primary and secondary outcomes in main analysis.Meanwhile,heterogeneity and robustness of results from main analysis were assessed by subgroup analyses and multiple sensitivity analyses.RESULTS 1816 eligible patients were included in analysis dataset,including 573 patients received standard care(control group)and 1243 patients received TCM preparations(hospital preparation group).The 28-day mortality rate of hospital preparation group was lower than that of control group(4.75%vs.14.83%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=54.666,P<0.001).The risk of 28-day mortality was 0.535 times lower in the hospital preparation group as compared with the control group(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.305-0.708,P<0.001)showed by multivariable binary logistic regressions.Subgroup analyses showed that taking TCM preparations reduced the 28-day mortality risk.Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the results of the main analysis for primary outcomes were robust.For secondary outcomes,the risk of abnormal absolute lymphocyte counts at discharge in the hospital preparation group decreased by 0.284 times(OR=0.703,95%CI:0.515-0.961,P=0.027).CONCLUSION Compared with standard of care,taking four hospital preparations including Kanggan Heji,Feining Heji,Qishen Gubiao Keli,and Qianghuo Qushi Qingwen Heji decreased risk of 28-day mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.TCM therapy achieves adequate therapeutic effects in COVID-19.展开更多
Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pa...Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pancreatitis,all of which have high incidence rates.These conditions are primarily characterized by acute multi-organ dysfunction,with sudden onset,severe illness,and high mortality rates.Additionally,critical care treatment demands substantial medical resources,imposing significant economic burdens on patients’families and society.In recent years,critical care medicine has achieved notable progress,especially in multidisciplinary integration with immunology-based fields.Collaboration across disciplines has not only accelerated advancements in critical care but also propelled the rapid development of modern immunology.This paper provides an overview and assessment of the cross-disciplinary fusion between critical care medicine and immunology,exploring how these fields related extensions mutually enhance each other.It further analyzes China’s potential to become a global leader in this area within the next 5 to 10 years.展开更多
2014年10月美国《Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery》杂志增刊发表了《耳鸣临床应用指南(Clinical Practice Guideline:Tinnitus)》。该《指南》由David E.Tunkel等23位学者共同制定,是首部用于评估和治疗慢性耳鸣的指南,旨在为从...2014年10月美国《Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery》杂志增刊发表了《耳鸣临床应用指南(Clinical Practice Guideline:Tinnitus)》。该《指南》由David E.Tunkel等23位学者共同制定,是首部用于评估和治疗慢性耳鸣的指南,旨在为从事耳鸣研究与治疗的专业人员提供基于循证医学证据的建议。《指南》涉及的患者群体是患有持续失代偿性的原发性耳鸣患者(18岁及以上)。本文试结合我国目前耳鸣诊治现状将该《指南》作一解读。展开更多
基金Financial support from the Unit of the Scientific Research Projects of Innü University(Grant no:2008/34)
文摘Eleven important medicinal plants generally used by the people of Turkey for the treatment of common cold have been studied for their mineral contents.Eleven minor and major elements(essential,non-essential and toxic)were identified in the Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.,Althaea officinalis L.,Verbascum phlomoides L.,Euphorbia chamaesyce L.,Zizyphus jujube Miller,Peganum harmala L.,Arum dioscoridis Sm.,Sambucus nigra L.,Piper longum L.,Tussilago farfara L.and Elettaria cardamomum Maton by employing flame atomic absorption and emission spectrometry and electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Microwave digestion procedure for total concentration was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of medicinal plants.Plant based biological certified reference materials(CRMs)served as standards for quantification.These elements are found to be present in varying concentrations in the studied plants.The baseline data presented in this work can be used in understanding the role of essential,non-essential and toxic elements in nutritive,preventive and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants.
基金The project support by a research collaboration with Leeward Pacific Pte Ltd(R-148-000-172-592to KHL)an NUS Graduate Research Scholarship
文摘OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature survey on medicinal plants documented for use in malaria,and to create a comprehensive database documenting the usage and preparation of these medicinal plants for malaria.METHODS A search was done through Scopus,ScienceDirect,and PubMed,on all ethnobotanical surveys that were specifically done on medicinal plants used in malaria using the keywords″ethnobotanical″,″survey″,″ethnopharmacological″,and″malaria″.In addition,Dr Duke′s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database,and books on medicinal plants from the Library of Botany and Horticulture,Singapore Botanic Gardens,and the Medical and Science Libraries,National University of Singapore,were used in the search.Plants used specifically as quinine substitutes were also included.Plants that were reported to be used solely for fever(other than malarial fever),external application,or insect repelling property,were excluded.Data collected were analyzed according to family,genus,location of use,method of preparation,part used,and indication(treatment and/or prevention).RESULTS A total of 1739 plants from 185 families and 973 genera were reportedly used for malaria globally,with 59 plantsused in three or more continents.Of these,11 were used in four continents for malaria,and 7of these can be found in Singapore.Anti-malarial plants from the family Fabaceae and the genus Vernoniawere the most commonly reported.Most of the plants are prepared as decoctions,followed by infusions.Leaves were most frequently used,followed by roots,and bark.97.8% of the plants are used solely for curative purposes,1.8% of the plants are both curative and prophylactic,while 0.4% are solely prophylactic.Priority of plants for further research could either focus on geographical extent of use,plant family,or genus.CONCLUSION An extensive database documenting the medicinal plants used for malaria has been compiled.Sustained interest in anti-malarial medicinal plant research is evident over the past decade.Promising plants for further research is presented.
基金The project supported by the National University of Singapore(NUS)Academic Research Fund(R-148-000-137-112to KHL)NUS Provost Industrial PhD Programme Research Scholarship(to SYY)Singapore International Graduate Award(to SZ)
文摘OBJECTIVE To gather information regarding the usage of fresh medicinal plants and users′perceptions via face-to-face interviews.To date,there is no published report of firsthand account of their usage in Singapore.Such important information may be permanently lost if not properly collated in time.METHODS Information on demographic data,plant-use methods and perception of usage was collated.Participants were recruited via the local newspapers,by word of mouth etc.The survey protocol was approved by the NUS Institutional Review Board.Fresh plant samples/photographs were obtained from the users and voucher specimens were kept.RESULTS Two hundredusers who have used a total of 103 species of fresh medicinal plants anytime in the last 5years participated in the survey.The five most commonly used plants were Clinacanthusnutans(34 users),Strobilanthescrispus(31 users),Pereskiableo(25 users),Aloe vera(18 users),and Zingiberofficinale(16 users).The top 3 most commonly cited medical conditions were diseases of respiratory system(50 users),neoplasm(29 users)anddiseases of circulatory system(20 users).A total of 173 users(86.5%)did not consult any healthcare professional for advice about plant usage,and only one user consulted the pharmacist.Some of the common reasons given for using fresh medicinal plants were recommendation by others(150,75.0%),efficacy(137,68.5%),and safety(117,58.5%).Most users(170,85.0%)were satisfied or highly satisfied with the outcome of plants used.CONCLUSION Two hundred users of fresh medicinal plants have been successfully interviewed and the information documented systematically in a database.The results suggest that fresh medicinal plants have a role to play in healthcare in modern society.The information collated will serve as a useful resource for identifying promising plants for future drug discovery efforts.
文摘OBJECTIVE Human metapneumovirus(hMPV)is semblable to respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)which causes respiratory infections typically characterized by cough,runny nose,fever,and nasal congestion but sometimes progressing to bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Whereas,there is no corresponding drug to inhabit the virus.Studies of new compounds with potential anti-HMPV activity could produce clinical value.Chinese herbal medicine played a great role during COVID-19,therefore we choose some small molecular(JH001)extracted from botany to investigate therapeutic effect on hMPV and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS In this study,16HBE cells were used as a model to explore in vitro antiviral effect.Cytotoxicity assays were performed before the antiviral tests,cell viability of 16HBE cells handled by different concentration of JH001 was estimated by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Then RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence,and flow cytometer were used to test the viral titer after cells infected with hMPV.Eventually,6-8 weeks mice were infected intranasally with 60μL of hMPV,the control group was treated with 0.9%saline water,other groups were administered with JH001 and ribavirin,then the lung virus titer and protective effect in lung were judged.RESULTS The obtained JH001 exhibited no cytotoxicity to 16HBE cells during 6.25-200μmol·L^(-1).RT-QPCR demonstrated that JH001 showed obvious inhabitation to the viral replication and showed great significance compared with saline.And fluorescence exhibited distinct decrease of hMPV-N protein,flow cytometer results showed that MFI decrease evidently.Significant reduction of N-gene expression was observed in those mice treated with JH001 compared with saline group,which indicated that JH001 probably had protective and therapeutic effect on viral replication.CONCLUSION This study illustrated that JH001 might be a promising option for small molecular against hMPV and JH001 might be worthy of further development and used as a potential therapeutic strategy for other respiratory viruses in the future.
文摘慢性病患者的长期管理是基层医疗的核心任务之一,患者的规律随访(TR)与疾病预后密切相关。近期Annals of Family Medicine刊发了一篇文章《Teamwork among Primary Care Staff to Achieve Regular Follow-Up of Chronic Patients》,该文章指出慢性病患者的TR面临多重挑战,既往研究多聚焦于患者个体因素,而忽视了医疗团队动态对随访率的潜在影响。
文摘OBJECTIVE The emergence of evolving variants of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has fostered the need for change of newer and adaptive treatments for these infections.During the COVID-19 pandemic and persists,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herbs exhibit significant bioactivity and therapeutic effect.This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four TCM preparations on 28-day mortality risk of patients and changes of the laboratory indicators.METHODS The retrospective cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 15,2022 to January 15,2023,and those died within 48 hours of admission or cannot be tracked for outcomes were excluded.The primary outcome was survival status in 28 days(death or survival)starting from the day of admission.The second outcomes were laboratory indicators,including absolute lymphocyte count,lactate dehydrogenase,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen.Binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the effect of TCM preparations on the primary and secondary outcomes in main analysis.Meanwhile,heterogeneity and robustness of results from main analysis were assessed by subgroup analyses and multiple sensitivity analyses.RESULTS 1816 eligible patients were included in analysis dataset,including 573 patients received standard care(control group)and 1243 patients received TCM preparations(hospital preparation group).The 28-day mortality rate of hospital preparation group was lower than that of control group(4.75%vs.14.83%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=54.666,P<0.001).The risk of 28-day mortality was 0.535 times lower in the hospital preparation group as compared with the control group(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.305-0.708,P<0.001)showed by multivariable binary logistic regressions.Subgroup analyses showed that taking TCM preparations reduced the 28-day mortality risk.Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the results of the main analysis for primary outcomes were robust.For secondary outcomes,the risk of abnormal absolute lymphocyte counts at discharge in the hospital preparation group decreased by 0.284 times(OR=0.703,95%CI:0.515-0.961,P=0.027).CONCLUSION Compared with standard of care,taking four hospital preparations including Kanggan Heji,Feining Heji,Qishen Gubiao Keli,and Qianghuo Qushi Qingwen Heji decreased risk of 28-day mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.TCM therapy achieves adequate therapeutic effects in COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(82025021).
文摘Critical care medicine focuses on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment approaches for life-threatening conditions,including sepsis,severe trauma/burns,hemorrhagic shock,heatstroke,and acute pancreatitis,all of which have high incidence rates.These conditions are primarily characterized by acute multi-organ dysfunction,with sudden onset,severe illness,and high mortality rates.Additionally,critical care treatment demands substantial medical resources,imposing significant economic burdens on patients’families and society.In recent years,critical care medicine has achieved notable progress,especially in multidisciplinary integration with immunology-based fields.Collaboration across disciplines has not only accelerated advancements in critical care but also propelled the rapid development of modern immunology.This paper provides an overview and assessment of the cross-disciplinary fusion between critical care medicine and immunology,exploring how these fields related extensions mutually enhance each other.It further analyzes China’s potential to become a global leader in this area within the next 5 to 10 years.
文摘2014年10月美国《Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery》杂志增刊发表了《耳鸣临床应用指南(Clinical Practice Guideline:Tinnitus)》。该《指南》由David E.Tunkel等23位学者共同制定,是首部用于评估和治疗慢性耳鸣的指南,旨在为从事耳鸣研究与治疗的专业人员提供基于循证医学证据的建议。《指南》涉及的患者群体是患有持续失代偿性的原发性耳鸣患者(18岁及以上)。本文试结合我国目前耳鸣诊治现状将该《指南》作一解读。
