We examined the impact of various coastal developments on mangrove cover along the Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Malaysia between 1996 and 2008. We analysed images from Systeme Probatoire d＇Observation de la Tarre （...We examined the impact of various coastal developments on mangrove cover along the Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Malaysia between 1996 and 2008. We analysed images from Systeme Probatoire d＇Observation de la Tarre （SPOT） of Kilim River using supervised classification and Principal Component Analysis （PCA）. Over 8% （176.83 ha] of mangrove cover was degraded along the Kilim River from its total area of 2153.07 ha during the past 14 years. We identified several causes of mangrove degradation, including mangrove clearing （38%）, mangrove conversion to commercial area （21%）, residential area （19%）, agriculture （12%）, aquaculture （12%） and wake current （6%）. Langkawi is one of the main tourism islands in Malaysia. Tthe pace of coastal development throughout the entire island including Kilim River had suppressed the mangroves propagation over the years. Long term monitoring of mangrove ecosystems is essentials to ensure the survival and sustainability of mangrove associated biodiversity.展开更多
Langkawi SkyCab has the highest energy demand in Langkawi Island and the demand keeps increasing year by year.This study proposed alternatives energy of a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)and fuel cell system for the SkyCab’s ...Langkawi SkyCab has the highest energy demand in Langkawi Island and the demand keeps increasing year by year.This study proposed alternatives energy of a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)and fuel cell system for the SkyCab’s operation.The best sizing and configurations were chosen based on Homer simulation software.A comparative study was done between a conventional system and other hybrid combinations.The results revealed that the proposed system had reduced the cost as well as CO2 emission almost by 39%and 79%,respectively.The hybrid PV and fuel cell system is aligned with the Malaysian government’s goals of reducing carbon emissions 40%by the year 2030.展开更多
基金funded by Mangrove Cluster Research under Institute of Oceanographic and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), International Islamic University Malaysia
文摘We examined the impact of various coastal developments on mangrove cover along the Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Malaysia between 1996 and 2008. We analysed images from Systeme Probatoire d＇Observation de la Tarre （SPOT） of Kilim River using supervised classification and Principal Component Analysis （PCA）. Over 8% （176.83 ha] of mangrove cover was degraded along the Kilim River from its total area of 2153.07 ha during the past 14 years. We identified several causes of mangrove degradation, including mangrove clearing （38%）, mangrove conversion to commercial area （21%）, residential area （19%）, agriculture （12%）, aquaculture （12%） and wake current （6%）. Langkawi is one of the main tourism islands in Malaysia. Tthe pace of coastal development throughout the entire island including Kilim River had suppressed the mangroves propagation over the years. Long term monitoring of mangrove ecosystems is essentials to ensure the survival and sustainability of mangrove associated biodiversity.
基金supported by the Research University Grant(GUP-Tier 1) under Vote No.19H40
文摘Langkawi SkyCab has the highest energy demand in Langkawi Island and the demand keeps increasing year by year.This study proposed alternatives energy of a hybrid photovoltaic(PV)and fuel cell system for the SkyCab’s operation.The best sizing and configurations were chosen based on Homer simulation software.A comparative study was done between a conventional system and other hybrid combinations.The results revealed that the proposed system had reduced the cost as well as CO2 emission almost by 39%and 79%,respectively.The hybrid PV and fuel cell system is aligned with the Malaysian government’s goals of reducing carbon emissions 40%by the year 2030.
