从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象...从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象(SPO)信息全方位互通和实践普适计算理念的下一代Internet及其应用系统的概括"是对IoT更为合理的广义定义。以该定义为基础,全面地分析了"由多个用户域网(CPN)通过骨干通信子网互联"的基本组成结构,讨论了两类SPO-CPN的基本组成结构及其支撑技术;指出SPO的引入主要影响CPN资源网络中的接入部分,属于应用系统的范畴,对Internet基本技术影响甚微。笔者不赞同以欧盟为代表的把IoT定义为联物专用网的狭义定义,指出其IoT模型和体系结构研究混淆了网络平台与应用系统,实质上是网络应用系统模型和体系结构。展开更多
针对低轨卫星高动态场景下多服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)时变物联业务资源调度问题,提出了一种基于Lyapunov优化的窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)多业务资源切片动态管理方法。该方法综合考虑多物联业务QoS...针对低轨卫星高动态场景下多服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)时变物联业务资源调度问题,提出了一种基于Lyapunov优化的窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)多业务资源切片动态管理方法。该方法综合考虑多物联业务QoS需求、不同QoS业务队列状态以及切片大小的动态划分,构建了资源切片动态管理的资源调度优化问题。基于Lyapunov优化理论将非凸的多时隙动态资源切片划分问题转化为单时隙多QoS业务资源切片配置问题,从而在动态业务场景下实现资源切片与多QoS业务队列之间的动态适配。仿真结果表明,与传统NB-IoT上行资源调度方法相比,所提方法在低轨高动态场景下能够显著提升时延确定性业务的QoS保障和吞吐量。展开更多
为解决传统电平交叉模数转换器(LC ADC)精度较低和噪声整形逐次逼近寄存器(NS SAR)ADC功耗较大的问题,提出了一种应用于移动物联网(IoT)随机稀疏信号采集的LC-NS SAR ADC。在NS SAR ADC前端插入8 bit的LC ADC作为输入信号活跃度的预检...为解决传统电平交叉模数转换器(LC ADC)精度较低和噪声整形逐次逼近寄存器(NS SAR)ADC功耗较大的问题,提出了一种应用于移动物联网(IoT)随机稀疏信号采集的LC-NS SAR ADC。在NS SAR ADC前端插入8 bit的LC ADC作为输入信号活跃度的预检测电路,在电平交叉发生后开启NS SAR ADC的转换。二阶无源噪声整形电路积分过程只在事件触发后发生,从而能够根据输入信号的活跃度动态调节整体功耗。在1.8 V 180 nm CMOS工艺、采样率为40 kS/s、过采样率(OSR)为20、带宽为1 kHz下对该ADC进行仿真验证,结果表明信噪失真比(SNDR)达到87 dB,电路功耗为2.70μW,心电图信号输入时功耗仅为0.79μW,相较于传统等间隔奈奎斯特采样ADC,采样点减少了73%,在处理生物医学信号时实现了约5∶1的数据压缩比,Schreier品质因数(FoMs)和Walden品质因数(FoMw)分别为172.6 dB和67.0 fJ/conv.step。展开更多
One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this pa...One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.展开更多
With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong ...With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong scalability and compatibility,Kubernetes has been applied to resource scheduling in IIoT scenarios.However,the limited types of resources,the default scheduling scoring strategy,and the lack of delay control module limit its resource scheduling performance.To address these problems,this paper proposes a multi-resource scheduling(MRS)scheme of Kubernetes for IIoT.The MRS scheme dynamically balances resource utilization by taking both requirements of tasks and the current system state into consideration.Furthermore,the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the MRS scheme in terms of delay control and resource utilization.展开更多
为了解决在工业物联网(industrial Internet of things,IIoT)环境下,现有的调度算法在调度工作流中对数据安全、响应时间有一定要求的任务所带来的完工时间上升、成本增加的问题,提出一种基于雾环境负载率而变化的任务调度策略,并使用...为了解决在工业物联网(industrial Internet of things,IIoT)环境下,现有的调度算法在调度工作流中对数据安全、响应时间有一定要求的任务所带来的完工时间上升、成本增加的问题,提出一种基于雾环境负载率而变化的任务调度策略,并使用改进的蜣螂优化算法对工作流调度问题进行求解。改进的算法使用HEFT(heterogeneous earliest finish time)算法对蜣螂种群进行初始化,降低了原始算法中随机性带来的影响。同时引入了镜面反射和反向学习思想,提高了算法的搜索性能。实验结果表明,该算法相比于其他一些传统的调度算法在完工时间与成本方面都有一定的性能提升。展开更多
文摘从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象(SPO)信息全方位互通和实践普适计算理念的下一代Internet及其应用系统的概括"是对IoT更为合理的广义定义。以该定义为基础,全面地分析了"由多个用户域网(CPN)通过骨干通信子网互联"的基本组成结构,讨论了两类SPO-CPN的基本组成结构及其支撑技术;指出SPO的引入主要影响CPN资源网络中的接入部分,属于应用系统的范畴,对Internet基本技术影响甚微。笔者不赞同以欧盟为代表的把IoT定义为联物专用网的狭义定义,指出其IoT模型和体系结构研究混淆了网络平台与应用系统,实质上是网络应用系统模型和体系结构。
文摘针对低轨卫星高动态场景下多服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)时变物联业务资源调度问题,提出了一种基于Lyapunov优化的窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)多业务资源切片动态管理方法。该方法综合考虑多物联业务QoS需求、不同QoS业务队列状态以及切片大小的动态划分,构建了资源切片动态管理的资源调度优化问题。基于Lyapunov优化理论将非凸的多时隙动态资源切片划分问题转化为单时隙多QoS业务资源切片配置问题,从而在动态业务场景下实现资源切片与多QoS业务队列之间的动态适配。仿真结果表明,与传统NB-IoT上行资源调度方法相比,所提方法在低轨高动态场景下能够显著提升时延确定性业务的QoS保障和吞吐量。
文摘为解决传统电平交叉模数转换器(LC ADC)精度较低和噪声整形逐次逼近寄存器(NS SAR)ADC功耗较大的问题,提出了一种应用于移动物联网(IoT)随机稀疏信号采集的LC-NS SAR ADC。在NS SAR ADC前端插入8 bit的LC ADC作为输入信号活跃度的预检测电路,在电平交叉发生后开启NS SAR ADC的转换。二阶无源噪声整形电路积分过程只在事件触发后发生,从而能够根据输入信号的活跃度动态调节整体功耗。在1.8 V 180 nm CMOS工艺、采样率为40 kS/s、过采样率(OSR)为20、带宽为1 kHz下对该ADC进行仿真验证,结果表明信噪失真比(SNDR)达到87 dB,电路功耗为2.70μW,心电图信号输入时功耗仅为0.79μW,相较于传统等间隔奈奎斯特采样ADC,采样点减少了73%,在处理生物医学信号时实现了约5∶1的数据压缩比,Schreier品质因数(FoMs)和Walden品质因数(FoMw)分别为172.6 dB和67.0 fJ/conv.step。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61601346 and 62377039)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2018JQ6044)+2 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.2023-276-1-1)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.31020180QD089)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20200043053004 and 20200043053005)。
文摘One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61872423)the Industry Prospective Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2017111)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(19KJA180006).
文摘With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong scalability and compatibility,Kubernetes has been applied to resource scheduling in IIoT scenarios.However,the limited types of resources,the default scheduling scoring strategy,and the lack of delay control module limit its resource scheduling performance.To address these problems,this paper proposes a multi-resource scheduling(MRS)scheme of Kubernetes for IIoT.The MRS scheme dynamically balances resource utilization by taking both requirements of tasks and the current system state into consideration.Furthermore,the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the MRS scheme in terms of delay control and resource utilization.
文摘为了解决在工业物联网(industrial Internet of things,IIoT)环境下,现有的调度算法在调度工作流中对数据安全、响应时间有一定要求的任务所带来的完工时间上升、成本增加的问题,提出一种基于雾环境负载率而变化的任务调度策略,并使用改进的蜣螂优化算法对工作流调度问题进行求解。改进的算法使用HEFT(heterogeneous earliest finish time)算法对蜣螂种群进行初始化,降低了原始算法中随机性带来的影响。同时引入了镜面反射和反向学习思想,提高了算法的搜索性能。实验结果表明,该算法相比于其他一些传统的调度算法在完工时间与成本方面都有一定的性能提升。
