In order to obtain better quality cookies, food 3D printing technology was employed to prepare cookies. The texture, color, deformation, moisture content, and temperature of the cookie as evaluation indicators, the in...In order to obtain better quality cookies, food 3D printing technology was employed to prepare cookies. The texture, color, deformation, moisture content, and temperature of the cookie as evaluation indicators, the influences of baking process parameters, such as baking time, surface heating temperature and bottom heating temperature, on the quality of the cookie were studied to optimize the baking process parameters. The results showed that the baking process parameters had obvious effects on the texture, color, deformation, moisture content, and temperature of the cookie. All of the roasting surface heating temperature, bottom heating temperature and baking time had positive influences on the hardness, crunchiness, crispiness, and the total color difference(ΔE) of the cookie. When the heating temperatures of the surfac and bottom increased, the diameter and thickness deformation rate of the cookie increased. However,with the extension of baking time, the diameter and thickness deformation rate of the cookie first increased and then decreased. With the surface heating temperature of 180 ℃, the bottom heating temperature of 150 ℃, and baking time of 15 min, the cookie was crisp and moderate with moderate deformation and uniform color. There was no burnt phenomenon with the desired quality. Research results provided a theoretical basis for cookie manufactory based on food 3D printing technology.展开更多
Multi-modality medical image fusion has more and more important applications in medical image analysis and understanding. In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-resolution method based on wavelet pyramid to fuse ...Multi-modality medical image fusion has more and more important applications in medical image analysis and understanding. In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-resolution method based on wavelet pyramid to fuse medical images from different modalities such as PET-MRI and CT-MRI. In particular, we evaluate the different fusion results when applying different selection rules and obtain optimum combination of fusion parameters.展开更多
During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating th...During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating the value of the contribution of dissolved nutrients to the water quality and analyzing the trend or level of the dissolved nutrients effecting on the water quality under the soil nutrient inquiring, the soil nutrient monitoring, and the dissolving experiment of nutrients released from soil, also according to the capacity curve of Qinglongshan Reservoir.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of the Tibetan native hulless barley variety in depth and to evaluate the characteristics of its processing quality using ratio analysis.For this study,10 native ba...The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of the Tibetan native hulless barley variety in depth and to evaluate the characteristics of its processing quality using ratio analysis.For this study,10 native barley varieties were chosen with the detection of 24 quality indexes in order to build a system of comprehensive evaluation.The results of the factor analysis indicated that seven common factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted,cumulatively accounting for 96.21%of the total variance.The first common factor,including ASP,GLU,SER,GLY,ARG,TYR and CYS contents,accounted for 33.82% of the variance.The second common factor,including ash,the total starch,soluble fiber,VB_(3),Cu,Mn,Na and beta-glucan contents,accounted for 19.46%of the variance.The third common factor,including the total dietary fiber,α-VE,K,Zn and glutelin.The fourth common factor,including B,Ba and prolamin,explained the barley starch character of the rheological property.The fifth common factor included crude fiber.The sixth and the seventh common factors did not account for a substantial amount of variance.According to the comprehensive evaluation model,the score consequence was as the following:Zangqing25>Pengnaigabu>Lhasa changhei>2004Qing21>Lhasa duanbai>Liangamu>Zhikonggaxia>lianmubai>Jiangreejiu>Longzihei.展开更多
Upper-half-mean length(Len),uniformity index(UI),breaking tenacity(Str),and micronaire value(Mic) are the key quality parameters of cotton fiber.In this study,182 upland cotton
Background As the most widely cultivated fiber crop,cotton production depends on hybridization to unlock the yield potential of current varieties.A deep understanding of genetic dissection is crucial for the cultivati...Background As the most widely cultivated fiber crop,cotton production depends on hybridization to unlock the yield potential of current varieties.A deep understanding of genetic dissection is crucial for the cultivation of enhanced hybrid plants with desired traits,such as high yield and fine fiber quality.In this study,the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)of yield and fiber quality of nine cotton parents(six lines and three testers)and eighteen F1 crosses produced using a line×tester mating design were analyzed.Results The results revealed significant effects of genotypes,parents,crosses,and interactions between parents and crosses for most of the studied traits.Moreover,the effects of both additive and non-additive gene actions played a notably significant role in the inheritance of most of the yield and fiber quality attributes.The F1 hybrids of(Giza 90×Aust)×Giza 86,Uzbekistan 1×Giza 97,and Giza 96×Giza 97 demonstrated superior performance due to their favorable integration of high yield attributes and premium fiber quality characteristics.Path analysis revealed that lint yield has the highest positive direct effect on seed cotton yield,while lint percentage showed the highest negative direct effect on seed cotton yield.Principal component analysis identified specific parents and hybrids associated with higher cotton yield,fiber quality,and other agronomic traits.Conclusion This study provides insights into identifying potential single-and three-way cross hybrids with superior cotton yield and fiber quality characteristics,laying a foundation for future research on improving fiber quality in cotton.展开更多
Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conve...Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conversed into the independent indexes of principal component based on the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the rice kernel types influenced the meanings of principal components indexes. For long and short rice, the first principal component was comprehensive index. But the second principal component was springiness for the short rice, while it was adhesiveness for long rice. Therefore, the first principal component can be used to express the quality of cooked rice with a few of indexes, and the rice type can be recognized according to the second principal component.展开更多
Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality dat...Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality data sets of the Second Songhua River(SSHR) basin in China,obtained during two years(2012-2013) of monitoring of 10 physicochemical parameters at 15 different sites.The results showed that most of physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the sampling sites.Three significant groups,highly polluted(HP),moderately polluted(MP) and less polluted(LP),of sampling sites were obtained through Hierarchical agglomerative CA on the basis of similarity of water quality characteristics.DA identified p H,F,DO,NH3-N,COD and VPhs were the most important parameters contributing to spatial variations of surface water quality.However,DA did not give a considerable data reduction(40% reduction).PCA/FA resulted in three,three and four latent factors explaining 70%,62% and 71% of the total variance in water quality data sets of HP,MP and LP regions,respectively.FA revealed that the SSHR water chemistry was strongly affected by anthropogenic activities(point sources:industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plants;non-point sources:domestic sewage,livestock operations and agricultural activities) and natural processes(seasonal effect,and natural inputs).PCA/FA in the whole basin showed the best results for data reduction because it used only two parameters(about 80% reduction) as the most important parameters to explain 72% of the data variation.Thus,this work illustrated the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of datasets and,in water quality assessment,identification of pollution sources/factors and understanding spatial variations in water quality for effective stream water quality management.展开更多
To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used....To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.展开更多
Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality is important to evaluate the health of a watershed and make necessary management decisions to control current and future pollution of receiving wa...Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality is important to evaluate the health of a watershed and make necessary management decisions to control current and future pollution of receiving water bodies. In this work, surface water quality data for 12 physical and chemical parameters collected from 10 sampling sites in the Nenjiang River basin during the years(2012-2013) were analyzed. The results show that river water quality has significant temporal and spatial variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) grouped 12 months into three periods(LF, MF and HF) and classified 10 monitoring sites into three regions(LP, MP and HP) based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principle component analysis(PCA)/factor analysis(FA) was used to recognize the factors or origins responsible for temporal and spatial water quality variations. Temporal and spatial PCA/FA revealed that the Nenjiang River water chemistry was strongly affected by rock/water interaction, hydrologic processes and anthropogenic activities. This work demonstrates that the application of HCA and PCA/FA has achieved meaningful classification based on temporal and spatial criteria.展开更多
A simple and facile gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） fingerprint of Su-He-Xiang-Wan （SHXW） was developed, the similarity analysis was conducted, and attribution of the major characteristic peaks was id...A simple and facile gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） fingerprint of Su-He-Xiang-Wan （SHXW） was developed, the similarity analysis was conducted, and attribution of the major characteristic peaks was identified for SHXW quality control. GC-MS analysis was performed on a QP2010 instrument （Shimadzu, Japan） equipped with a capillary column of RTX-5MS. The column temperature was initiated at 50℃, held for 5 min, increased at the rate of 3 ℃/min to 120 ℃, held for 2 min, and then increased at the rate of 4 ℃/min to 220℃, held for 10 min. Helium carrier gas was used at a constant flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Mass conditions were ionization voltage, 70 eV; injector temperature, 250℃; ion source temperature, 250 ℃; splitting ratio, 30：1; full scan mode in the 40-500 Da mass ranges with rate of 0.2 s per scan. Attribution of the major characteristic peaks was identified for SHXW by comparing the chemical standards, references of Chinese herbal medicines and the negative controls of prescription samples （NC） of SHXW. With the help of the temperature-programmed retention indices （PTRIs） used together with mass spectra and chemical standards, 25 major characteristic peaks have been identified. Nine volatile medicinal materials were identified in the prescription of SHXW by attributing to the 27 major characteristic peaks. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is a powerful approach to quality control of complex herbal medicines.展开更多
It is a challenging problem to provide quality-of-service （QoS） guarantees in next generation high-speed network, and the QoS routing is one of the key issues of the problem. For the problem of multi-constrained QoS...It is a challenging problem to provide quality-of-service （QoS） guarantees in next generation high-speed network, and the QoS routing is one of the key issues of the problem. For the problem of multi-constrained QoS routing in high-speed network, especially under the inaccurate link state information, the success ratio of the different constraint combination is analyzed statistically, and a constraint analysis method based on the computer simulation is proposed. Furthermore, the approximately equal loose-tight order relation between each two constraints is constructed, and then an algorithm based on the experimental analysis is presented. Finally, the simulation result demonstrates that the algorithm has the higher success ratio, and the theoretical analysis proves its correctness and universality.展开更多
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Fruit Tree Modernization Agro-industrial Technology Collaborative Innovation and Promotion System Project(2019-13)。
文摘In order to obtain better quality cookies, food 3D printing technology was employed to prepare cookies. The texture, color, deformation, moisture content, and temperature of the cookie as evaluation indicators, the influences of baking process parameters, such as baking time, surface heating temperature and bottom heating temperature, on the quality of the cookie were studied to optimize the baking process parameters. The results showed that the baking process parameters had obvious effects on the texture, color, deformation, moisture content, and temperature of the cookie. All of the roasting surface heating temperature, bottom heating temperature and baking time had positive influences on the hardness, crunchiness, crispiness, and the total color difference(ΔE) of the cookie. When the heating temperatures of the surfac and bottom increased, the diameter and thickness deformation rate of the cookie increased. However,with the extension of baking time, the diameter and thickness deformation rate of the cookie first increased and then decreased. With the surface heating temperature of 180 ℃, the bottom heating temperature of 150 ℃, and baking time of 15 min, the cookie was crisp and moderate with moderate deformation and uniform color. There was no burnt phenomenon with the desired quality. Research results provided a theoretical basis for cookie manufactory based on food 3D printing technology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19675005).
文摘Multi-modality medical image fusion has more and more important applications in medical image analysis and understanding. In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-resolution method based on wavelet pyramid to fuse medical images from different modalities such as PET-MRI and CT-MRI. In particular, we evaluate the different fusion results when applying different selection rules and obtain optimum combination of fusion parameters.
文摘During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating the value of the contribution of dissolved nutrients to the water quality and analyzing the trend or level of the dissolved nutrients effecting on the water quality under the soil nutrient inquiring, the soil nutrient monitoring, and the dissolving experiment of nutrients released from soil, also according to the capacity curve of Qinglongshan Reservoir.
基金Supported by Chnia Agriculture Research Systemthe Scientific Research Fund of the Key Technology and Research and Development of Barley Characteristic Agricultural Products Processing(XZ201901NA04)Development and Industrialization Application of Xizang Highland Barley Baijiu(XZ202001ZY0017N)。
文摘The purpose of this study was to explore the quality of the Tibetan native hulless barley variety in depth and to evaluate the characteristics of its processing quality using ratio analysis.For this study,10 native barley varieties were chosen with the detection of 24 quality indexes in order to build a system of comprehensive evaluation.The results of the factor analysis indicated that seven common factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted,cumulatively accounting for 96.21%of the total variance.The first common factor,including ASP,GLU,SER,GLY,ARG,TYR and CYS contents,accounted for 33.82% of the variance.The second common factor,including ash,the total starch,soluble fiber,VB_(3),Cu,Mn,Na and beta-glucan contents,accounted for 19.46%of the variance.The third common factor,including the total dietary fiber,α-VE,K,Zn and glutelin.The fourth common factor,including B,Ba and prolamin,explained the barley starch character of the rheological property.The fifth common factor included crude fiber.The sixth and the seventh common factors did not account for a substantial amount of variance.According to the comprehensive evaluation model,the score consequence was as the following:Zangqing25>Pengnaigabu>Lhasa changhei>2004Qing21>Lhasa duanbai>Liangamu>Zhikonggaxia>lianmubai>Jiangreejiu>Longzihei.
文摘Upper-half-mean length(Len),uniformity index(UI),breaking tenacity(Str),and micronaire value(Mic) are the key quality parameters of cotton fiber.In this study,182 upland cotton
文摘Background As the most widely cultivated fiber crop,cotton production depends on hybridization to unlock the yield potential of current varieties.A deep understanding of genetic dissection is crucial for the cultivation of enhanced hybrid plants with desired traits,such as high yield and fine fiber quality.In this study,the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)of yield and fiber quality of nine cotton parents(six lines and three testers)and eighteen F1 crosses produced using a line×tester mating design were analyzed.Results The results revealed significant effects of genotypes,parents,crosses,and interactions between parents and crosses for most of the studied traits.Moreover,the effects of both additive and non-additive gene actions played a notably significant role in the inheritance of most of the yield and fiber quality attributes.The F1 hybrids of(Giza 90×Aust)×Giza 86,Uzbekistan 1×Giza 97,and Giza 96×Giza 97 demonstrated superior performance due to their favorable integration of high yield attributes and premium fiber quality characteristics.Path analysis revealed that lint yield has the highest positive direct effect on seed cotton yield,while lint percentage showed the highest negative direct effect on seed cotton yield.Principal component analysis identified specific parents and hybrids associated with higher cotton yield,fiber quality,and other agronomic traits.Conclusion This study provides insights into identifying potential single-and three-way cross hybrids with superior cotton yield and fiber quality characteristics,laying a foundation for future research on improving fiber quality in cotton.
基金Education Department of Heilongjiang Province in China for the Oversea Researcher Projects(1151HZ01,10531002)
文摘Texture qualities of cooked rice are comprised of many indexes with the complex relationship, so it is difficult to analyze and evaluate cooked rice. In this paper, the related indexes of texture properties were conversed into the independent indexes of principal component based on the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the rice kernel types influenced the meanings of principal components indexes. For long and short rice, the first principal component was comprehensive index. But the second principal component was springiness for the short rice, while it was adhesiveness for long rice. Therefore, the first principal component can be used to express the quality of cooked rice with a few of indexes, and the rice type can be recognized according to the second principal component.
基金Project (2012ZX07501002-001) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality data sets of the Second Songhua River(SSHR) basin in China,obtained during two years(2012-2013) of monitoring of 10 physicochemical parameters at 15 different sites.The results showed that most of physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the sampling sites.Three significant groups,highly polluted(HP),moderately polluted(MP) and less polluted(LP),of sampling sites were obtained through Hierarchical agglomerative CA on the basis of similarity of water quality characteristics.DA identified p H,F,DO,NH3-N,COD and VPhs were the most important parameters contributing to spatial variations of surface water quality.However,DA did not give a considerable data reduction(40% reduction).PCA/FA resulted in three,three and four latent factors explaining 70%,62% and 71% of the total variance in water quality data sets of HP,MP and LP regions,respectively.FA revealed that the SSHR water chemistry was strongly affected by anthropogenic activities(point sources:industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plants;non-point sources:domestic sewage,livestock operations and agricultural activities) and natural processes(seasonal effect,and natural inputs).PCA/FA in the whole basin showed the best results for data reduction because it used only two parameters(about 80% reduction) as the most important parameters to explain 72% of the data variation.Thus,this work illustrated the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of datasets and,in water quality assessment,identification of pollution sources/factors and understanding spatial variations in water quality for effective stream water quality management.
基金Projects(41161020,41261026) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BQD2012013) supported by the Research starting Funds for Imported Talents,Ningxia University,China+1 种基金Project(ZR1209) supported by the Natural Science Funds,Ningxia University,ChinaProject(NGY2013005) supported by the Key Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia,China
文摘To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.
基金Project(2012ZX07501002-001)supported by Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China
文摘Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in surface water quality is important to evaluate the health of a watershed and make necessary management decisions to control current and future pollution of receiving water bodies. In this work, surface water quality data for 12 physical and chemical parameters collected from 10 sampling sites in the Nenjiang River basin during the years(2012-2013) were analyzed. The results show that river water quality has significant temporal and spatial variations. Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) grouped 12 months into three periods(LF, MF and HF) and classified 10 monitoring sites into three regions(LP, MP and HP) based on the similarity of water quality characteristics. The principle component analysis(PCA)/factor analysis(FA) was used to recognize the factors or origins responsible for temporal and spatial water quality variations. Temporal and spatial PCA/FA revealed that the Nenjiang River water chemistry was strongly affected by rock/water interaction, hydrologic processes and anthropogenic activities. This work demonstrates that the application of HCA and PCA/FA has achieved meaningful classification based on temporal and spatial criteria.
基金Foundation item： Projects（21275164, 21075138） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A simple and facile gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） fingerprint of Su-He-Xiang-Wan （SHXW） was developed, the similarity analysis was conducted, and attribution of the major characteristic peaks was identified for SHXW quality control. GC-MS analysis was performed on a QP2010 instrument （Shimadzu, Japan） equipped with a capillary column of RTX-5MS. The column temperature was initiated at 50℃, held for 5 min, increased at the rate of 3 ℃/min to 120 ℃, held for 2 min, and then increased at the rate of 4 ℃/min to 220℃, held for 10 min. Helium carrier gas was used at a constant flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Mass conditions were ionization voltage, 70 eV; injector temperature, 250℃; ion source temperature, 250 ℃; splitting ratio, 30：1; full scan mode in the 40-500 Da mass ranges with rate of 0.2 s per scan. Attribution of the major characteristic peaks was identified for SHXW by comparing the chemical standards, references of Chinese herbal medicines and the negative controls of prescription samples （NC） of SHXW. With the help of the temperature-programmed retention indices （PTRIs） used together with mass spectra and chemical standards, 25 major characteristic peaks have been identified. Nine volatile medicinal materials were identified in the prescription of SHXW by attributing to the 27 major characteristic peaks. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is a powerful approach to quality control of complex herbal medicines.
文摘It is a challenging problem to provide quality-of-service （QoS） guarantees in next generation high-speed network, and the QoS routing is one of the key issues of the problem. For the problem of multi-constrained QoS routing in high-speed network, especially under the inaccurate link state information, the success ratio of the different constraint combination is analyzed statistically, and a constraint analysis method based on the computer simulation is proposed. Furthermore, the approximately equal loose-tight order relation between each two constraints is constructed, and then an algorithm based on the experimental analysis is presented. Finally, the simulation result demonstrates that the algorithm has the higher success ratio, and the theoretical analysis proves its correctness and universality.
