Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever cha...Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever characterized,cotton fiber is an ideal system for studying plant cell elongation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The specificity of drug therapy in individuals and races has promoted the development and improvement of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine.While there is a few cognition on the minorities in China,espe...OBJECTIVE The specificity of drug therapy in individuals and races has promoted the development and improvement of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine.While there is a few cognition on the minorities in China,especially in Lisu nationality from the Yunnan province.Therefore,we performed the research to improve the role of pharmacogenomics in the Lisu population from the Yunnan province of China.METHODS 54 variants of very important pharmacogenes selected from the PharmGKB database were genotyped in 199 unrelated and healthy Lisu adults from the Yunnan province of China,and then,genotyping data wtih χ^(2) test were analyzed.RESULTS We compared our data with those of other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project,and acquired that the Lisu ethnicity is similar with the CDX(Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna,China)and CHS(Southern Han Chinese,China).Furthermore,rs776746(CYP3A5),rs1805123(KCNH2),rs4291(ACE),rs1051298(SLC19A1)and rs1065852(CYP2D6)were deemed as the most varying loci.The MAF of“G”at rs1805123(KCNH2)in the Lisu population was the largest with the value of 51.0%.CONCLUSION There are significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphism loci,supplementing the pharmacogenomic information of the Lisu population in Yunnan province,China,and can provide a theoretical basis for individualized medication in the future.展开更多
The regulatory mechanism that controls the sustained cotton fiber cell elongation is gradually being elucidated by coupling genome-wide transcriptome profiling with systematic biochemical and physiological studies.Ver...The regulatory mechanism that controls the sustained cotton fiber cell elongation is gradually being elucidated by coupling genome-wide transcriptome profiling with systematic biochemical and physiological studies.Very long chain fatty acids(VLCFA),H2O2,and several types of plant展开更多
Integrins are heterodimers that mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane.Integrins often exist in low affinity(or inactive) states for
It is well-documented that digenetic trematodes exhibit complex life cycles where the definitive hosts are vertebrates—mostly birds,other mammals and reptiles.It is also known that digenetic trematodes are host speci...It is well-documented that digenetic trematodes exhibit complex life cycles where the definitive hosts are vertebrates—mostly birds,other mammals and reptiles.It is also known that digenetic trematodes are host specific,but changes in our feeding habits, agricultural and social practices,have led to human beings infected with parasites that were previously regarded to be of no or insignificant medical importance. The objective of this study was to identify the less known digenetic parasites in the water bodies around Tshwane that may result in possible展开更多
针对导弹装备维修保障效能系统复杂庞大,指标间相互关联影响、数据信息获取困难且易丢失扭曲的现状,提出一种基于灰色—改进二元语义的方法对维修保障效能进行评估。该方法利用改进G1法和改进CRITIC(criteria importance though intercr...针对导弹装备维修保障效能系统复杂庞大,指标间相互关联影响、数据信息获取困难且易丢失扭曲的现状,提出一种基于灰色—改进二元语义的方法对维修保障效能进行评估。该方法利用改进G1法和改进CRITIC(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation)法分别得出主客观权重,依据最小信息鉴别法获取综合权重,利用灰色聚类分析法将定量数据转化为二元语义形式,运用改进二元语义将定性语言评估信息进行转化并对完整系统进行评估。获取的各指标权重更加科学合理,避免了信息的丢失扭曲,评估结果更加准确。该模型评估结果与实际情况基本相符,能真实科学反映导弹装备维修保障效能水平并可针对性查找薄弱环节,可为导弹装备维修保障系统的管理和完善提供依据。展开更多
为了直观细致了解乘客在乘坐轨道交通时的体验感受,从乘客感知角度构建了满意度评价指标体系,采用CRITIC(criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation)法来实现指标的客观赋权,并用基于云模型的基本算法生成评价云和结果云...为了直观细致了解乘客在乘坐轨道交通时的体验感受,从乘客感知角度构建了满意度评价指标体系,采用CRITIC(criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation)法来实现指标的客观赋权,并用基于云模型的基本算法生成评价云和结果云,通过云的数字特征和云图的比较直观展现评价结果.以上海市轨道交通2号线的乘客满意度评价为例,验证了评价方法的有效性和合理性,同时该评价结果除了反映乘客的满意程度,也提供了对乘客认知差异和共识度的衡量,使得其具备了更大的使用价值.展开更多
In a system of systems(SoS),resilience is an important factor in maintaining the functionality,stability,and enhancing the operation effectiveness.From the perspective of resilience,this paper studies the importance o...In a system of systems(SoS),resilience is an important factor in maintaining the functionality,stability,and enhancing the operation effectiveness.From the perspective of resilience,this paper studies the importance of the SoS,and a resilience-based importance measure analysis is conducted to provide suggestions in the design and optimization of the structure of the SoS.In this paper,the components of the SoS are simplified as four kinds of network nodes:sensor,decision point,influencer,and target.In this networked SoS,the number of operation loops is used as the performance indicator,and an approximate algorithm,which is based on eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix,is proposed to calculate the number of operation loops.In order to understand the performance change of the SoS during the attack and defense process in the operations,an integral resilience model is proposed to depict the resilience of the SoS.From different perspectives of enhancing the resilience,different measures,parameters and the corresponding algorithms for the resilience importance of components are proposed.Finally,a case study on an SoS is conducted to verify the validity of the network modelling and the resiliencebased importance analysis method.展开更多
The current measurement was exploited in a more efficient way. Firstly, the system equation was updated by introducing a correction term, which depends on the current measurement and can be obtained by running a subop...The current measurement was exploited in a more efficient way. Firstly, the system equation was updated by introducing a correction term, which depends on the current measurement and can be obtained by running a suboptimal filter. Then, a new importance density function(IDF) was defined by the updated system equation. Particles drawn from the new IDF are more likely to be in the significant region of state space and the estimation accuracy can be improved. By using different suboptimal filter, different particle filters(PFs) can be developed in this framework. Extensions of this idea were also proposed by iteratively updating the system equation using particle filter itself, resulting in the iterated particle filter. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IDF.展开更多
In order to understand the influence of brittleness and confining stress on rock cuttability,the indentation tests were carried out by a conical pick on the four types of rocks.Then,the experimental results were utili...In order to understand the influence of brittleness and confining stress on rock cuttability,the indentation tests were carried out by a conical pick on the four types of rocks.Then,the experimental results were utilized to take regression analysis.The eight sets of normalized regression models were established for reflecting the relationships of peak indentation force(PIF)and specific energy(SE)with brittleness index and uniaxial confining stress.The regression analyses present that these regression models have good prediction performance.The regressive results indicate that brittleness indices and uniaxial confining stress conditions have non-linear effects on the rock cuttability that is determined by PIF and SE.Finally,the multilayer perceptual neural network was used to measure the importance weights of brittleness index and uniaxial confining stress upon the influence for rock cuttability.The results indicate that the uniaxial confining stress is more significant than brittleness index for influencing the rock cuttability.展开更多
Particle filters have been widely used in nonlinear/non- Gaussian Bayesian state estimation problems. However, efficient distribution of the limited number of particles （n state space remains a critical issue in desi...Particle filters have been widely used in nonlinear/non- Gaussian Bayesian state estimation problems. However, efficient distribution of the limited number of particles （n state space remains a critical issue in designing a particle filter. A simplified unscented particle filter （SUPF） is presented, where particles are drawn partly from the transition prior density （TPD） and partly from the Gaussian approximate posterior density （GAPD） obtained by a unscented Kalman filter. The ratio of the number of particles drawn from TPD to the number of particles drawn from GAPD is adaptively determined by the maximum likelihood ratio （MLR）. The MLR is defined to measure how well the particles, drawn from the TPD, match the likelihood model. It is shown that the particle set generated by this sampling strategy is more close to the significant region in state space and tends to yield more accurate results. Simulation results demonstrate that the versatility and es- timation accuracy of SUPF exceed that of standard particle filter, extended Kalman particle filter and unscented particle filter.展开更多
In order to resolve the state estimation problem of nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems, a new kind of quadrature Kalman particle filter （QKPF） is proposed. In this new algorithm, quadrature Kalman filter （QKF） is used...In order to resolve the state estimation problem of nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems, a new kind of quadrature Kalman particle filter （QKPF） is proposed. In this new algorithm, quadrature Kalman filter （QKF） is used for generating the impor- tance density function. It linearizes the nonlinear functions using statistical linear regression method through a set of Gaussian- Hermite quadrature points. It need not compute the Jacobian matrix and is easy to be implemented. Moreover, the importantce density function integrates the latest measurements into system state transition density, so the approximation to the system poste- rior density is improved. The theoretical analysis and experimen- tal results show that, compared with the unscented partcle filter （UPF）, the estimation accuracy of the new particle filter is improved almost by 18%, and its calculation cost is decreased a little. So, QKPF is an effective nonlinear filtering algorithm.展开更多
Importance measures in reliability systems are used to identify weak components in contributing to a proper function of the system. Traditional importance measures mainly concerned the changing value of the system rel...Importance measures in reliability systems are used to identify weak components in contributing to a proper function of the system. Traditional importance measures mainly concerned the changing value of the system reliability caused by the change of the reliability of the component, and seldom considered the joint effect of the probability distribution, improvement rate of the object component. This paper studies the rate of the system reliability upgrading with an improvement of the component reliability for the multi-state consecutive k-out-of-n system. To verify the multi-state consecutive k-out-of-n system reliability upgrading by improving one component based on its improvement rate, an increasing potential importance （IPI） and its physical meaning are described at first. Secondly, the relationship between the IPI and Birnbaum importance measures are discussed. And the IPI for some different improvement actions of the component is further discussed. Thirdly, the characteristics of the IPI are analyzed. Finally, an application to an oil pipeline system is given.展开更多
Classical network reliability problems assume both net- works and components have only binary states, fully working or fully failed states. But many actual networks are multi-state, such as communication networks and ...Classical network reliability problems assume both net- works and components have only binary states, fully working or fully failed states. But many actual networks are multi-state, such as communication networks and transportation networks. The nodes and arcs in the networks may be in intermediate states which are not fully working either fully failed. A simulation ap- proach for computing the two-terminal reliability of a multi-state network is described. Two-terminal reliability is defined as the probability that d units of demand can be supplied from the source to sink nodes under the time threshold T. The capacities of arcs may be in a stochastic state following any discrete or continuous distribution. The transmission time of each arc is also not a fixed number but stochastic according to its current capacity and de- mand. To solve this problem, a capacitated stochastic coloured Petri net is proposed for modelling the system behaviour. Places and transitions respectively stand for the nodes and arcs of a net- work. Capacitated transition and self-modified token colour with route information are defined to describe the multi-state network. By the simulation, the two-terminal reliability and node importance can be estimated and the optimal route whose reliability is highest can also be given. Finally, two examples of different kinds of multi- state networks are given.展开更多
With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the o...With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.展开更多
文摘Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers,one of the most important natural raw materials for the textile industry,are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules.Among the longest plant cells ever characterized,cotton fiber is an ideal system for studying plant cell elongation.
文摘OBJECTIVE The specificity of drug therapy in individuals and races has promoted the development and improvement of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine.While there is a few cognition on the minorities in China,especially in Lisu nationality from the Yunnan province.Therefore,we performed the research to improve the role of pharmacogenomics in the Lisu population from the Yunnan province of China.METHODS 54 variants of very important pharmacogenes selected from the PharmGKB database were genotyped in 199 unrelated and healthy Lisu adults from the Yunnan province of China,and then,genotyping data wtih χ^(2) test were analyzed.RESULTS We compared our data with those of other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project,and acquired that the Lisu ethnicity is similar with the CDX(Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna,China)and CHS(Southern Han Chinese,China).Furthermore,rs776746(CYP3A5),rs1805123(KCNH2),rs4291(ACE),rs1051298(SLC19A1)and rs1065852(CYP2D6)were deemed as the most varying loci.The MAF of“G”at rs1805123(KCNH2)in the Lisu population was the largest with the value of 51.0%.CONCLUSION There are significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphism loci,supplementing the pharmacogenomic information of the Lisu population in Yunnan province,China,and can provide a theoretical basis for individualized medication in the future.
文摘The regulatory mechanism that controls the sustained cotton fiber cell elongation is gradually being elucidated by coupling genome-wide transcriptome profiling with systematic biochemical and physiological studies.Very long chain fatty acids(VLCFA),H2O2,and several types of plant
文摘Integrins are heterodimers that mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals bidirectionally across the cell membrane.Integrins often exist in low affinity(or inactive) states for
文摘It is well-documented that digenetic trematodes exhibit complex life cycles where the definitive hosts are vertebrates—mostly birds,other mammals and reptiles.It is also known that digenetic trematodes are host specific,but changes in our feeding habits, agricultural and social practices,have led to human beings infected with parasites that were previously regarded to be of no or insignificant medical importance. The objective of this study was to identify the less known digenetic parasites in the water bodies around Tshwane that may result in possible
文摘针对导弹装备维修保障效能系统复杂庞大,指标间相互关联影响、数据信息获取困难且易丢失扭曲的现状,提出一种基于灰色—改进二元语义的方法对维修保障效能进行评估。该方法利用改进G1法和改进CRITIC(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation)法分别得出主客观权重,依据最小信息鉴别法获取综合权重,利用灰色聚类分析法将定量数据转化为二元语义形式,运用改进二元语义将定性语言评估信息进行转化并对完整系统进行评估。获取的各指标权重更加科学合理,避免了信息的丢失扭曲,评估结果更加准确。该模型评估结果与实际情况基本相符,能真实科学反映导弹装备维修保障效能水平并可针对性查找薄弱环节,可为导弹装备维修保障系统的管理和完善提供依据。
文摘为了直观细致了解乘客在乘坐轨道交通时的体验感受,从乘客感知角度构建了满意度评价指标体系,采用CRITIC(criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation)法来实现指标的客观赋权,并用基于云模型的基本算法生成评价云和结果云,通过云的数字特征和云图的比较直观展现评价结果.以上海市轨道交通2号线的乘客满意度评价为例,验证了评价方法的有效性和合理性,同时该评价结果除了反映乘客的满意程度,也提供了对乘客认知差异和共识度的衡量,使得其具备了更大的使用价值.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71571004)
文摘In a system of systems(SoS),resilience is an important factor in maintaining the functionality,stability,and enhancing the operation effectiveness.From the perspective of resilience,this paper studies the importance of the SoS,and a resilience-based importance measure analysis is conducted to provide suggestions in the design and optimization of the structure of the SoS.In this paper,the components of the SoS are simplified as four kinds of network nodes:sensor,decision point,influencer,and target.In this networked SoS,the number of operation loops is used as the performance indicator,and an approximate algorithm,which is based on eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix,is proposed to calculate the number of operation loops.In order to understand the performance change of the SoS during the attack and defense process in the operations,an integral resilience model is proposed to depict the resilience of the SoS.From different perspectives of enhancing the resilience,different measures,parameters and the corresponding algorithms for the resilience importance of components are proposed.Finally,a case study on an SoS is conducted to verify the validity of the network modelling and the resiliencebased importance analysis method.
基金Project(61271296) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The current measurement was exploited in a more efficient way. Firstly, the system equation was updated by introducing a correction term, which depends on the current measurement and can be obtained by running a suboptimal filter. Then, a new importance density function(IDF) was defined by the updated system equation. Particles drawn from the new IDF are more likely to be in the significant region of state space and the estimation accuracy can be improved. By using different suboptimal filter, different particle filters(PFs) can be developed in this framework. Extensions of this idea were also proposed by iteratively updating the system equation using particle filter itself, resulting in the iterated particle filter. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IDF.
基金Project(51904333) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In order to understand the influence of brittleness and confining stress on rock cuttability,the indentation tests were carried out by a conical pick on the four types of rocks.Then,the experimental results were utilized to take regression analysis.The eight sets of normalized regression models were established for reflecting the relationships of peak indentation force(PIF)and specific energy(SE)with brittleness index and uniaxial confining stress.The regression analyses present that these regression models have good prediction performance.The regressive results indicate that brittleness indices and uniaxial confining stress conditions have non-linear effects on the rock cuttability that is determined by PIF and SE.Finally,the multilayer perceptual neural network was used to measure the importance weights of brittleness index and uniaxial confining stress upon the influence for rock cuttability.The results indicate that the uniaxial confining stress is more significant than brittleness index for influencing the rock cuttability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271296)
文摘Particle filters have been widely used in nonlinear/non- Gaussian Bayesian state estimation problems. However, efficient distribution of the limited number of particles （n state space remains a critical issue in designing a particle filter. A simplified unscented particle filter （SUPF） is presented, where particles are drawn partly from the transition prior density （TPD） and partly from the Gaussian approximate posterior density （GAPD） obtained by a unscented Kalman filter. The ratio of the number of particles drawn from TPD to the number of particles drawn from GAPD is adaptively determined by the maximum likelihood ratio （MLR）. The MLR is defined to measure how well the particles, drawn from the TPD, match the likelihood model. It is shown that the particle set generated by this sampling strategy is more close to the significant region in state space and tends to yield more accurate results. Simulation results demonstrate that the versatility and es- timation accuracy of SUPF exceed that of standard particle filter, extended Kalman particle filter and unscented particle filter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60574033)
文摘In order to resolve the state estimation problem of nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems, a new kind of quadrature Kalman particle filter （QKPF） is proposed. In this new algorithm, quadrature Kalman filter （QKF） is used for generating the impor- tance density function. It linearizes the nonlinear functions using statistical linear regression method through a set of Gaussian- Hermite quadrature points. It need not compute the Jacobian matrix and is easy to be implemented. Moreover, the importantce density function integrates the latest measurements into system state transition density, so the approximation to the system poste- rior density is improved. The theoretical analysis and experimen- tal results show that, compared with the unscented partcle filter （UPF）, the estimation accuracy of the new particle filter is improved almost by 18%, and its calculation cost is decreased a little. So, QKPF is an effective nonlinear filtering algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71271170 71101116)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Progrom) (2012AA040914)the Basic Research Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (JC20120228)
文摘Importance measures in reliability systems are used to identify weak components in contributing to a proper function of the system. Traditional importance measures mainly concerned the changing value of the system reliability caused by the change of the reliability of the component, and seldom considered the joint effect of the probability distribution, improvement rate of the object component. This paper studies the rate of the system reliability upgrading with an improvement of the component reliability for the multi-state consecutive k-out-of-n system. To verify the multi-state consecutive k-out-of-n system reliability upgrading by improving one component based on its improvement rate, an increasing potential importance （IPI） and its physical meaning are described at first. Secondly, the relationship between the IPI and Birnbaum importance measures are discussed. And the IPI for some different improvement actions of the component is further discussed. Thirdly, the characteristics of the IPI are analyzed. Finally, an application to an oil pipeline system is given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70971132)
文摘Classical network reliability problems assume both net- works and components have only binary states, fully working or fully failed states. But many actual networks are multi-state, such as communication networks and transportation networks. The nodes and arcs in the networks may be in intermediate states which are not fully working either fully failed. A simulation ap- proach for computing the two-terminal reliability of a multi-state network is described. Two-terminal reliability is defined as the probability that d units of demand can be supplied from the source to sink nodes under the time threshold T. The capacities of arcs may be in a stochastic state following any discrete or continuous distribution. The transmission time of each arc is also not a fixed number but stochastic according to its current capacity and de- mand. To solve this problem, a capacitated stochastic coloured Petri net is proposed for modelling the system behaviour. Places and transitions respectively stand for the nodes and arcs of a net- work. Capacitated transition and self-modified token colour with route information are defined to describe the multi-state network. By the simulation, the two-terminal reliability and node importance can be estimated and the optimal route whose reliability is highest can also be given. Finally, two examples of different kinds of multi- state networks are given.
基金Project(61102039)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014AA052600)supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Plan,China
文摘With the development of automation in smart grids,network reconfiguration is becoming a feasible approach for improving the operation of distribution systems.A novel reconfiguration strategy was presented to get the optimal configuration of improving economy of the system,and then identifying the important nodes.In this strategy,the objectives increase the node importance degree and decrease the active power loss subjected to operational constraints.A compound objective function with weight coefficients is formulated to balance the conflict of the objectives.Then a novel quantum particle swarm optimization based on loop switches hierarchical encoded was employed to address the compound objective reconfiguration problem.Its main contribution is the presentation of the hierarchical encoded scheme which is used to generate the population swarm particles of representing only radial connected solutions.Because the candidate solutions are feasible,the search efficiency would improve dramatically during the optimization process without tedious topology verification.To validate the proposed strategy,simulations are carried out on the test systems.The results are compared with other techniques in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
