A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm improved by immunity algorithm (IA) was presented. Memory and self-regulation mechanisms of IA were used to avoid PSO plunging into local optima. Vaccination and immune se...A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm improved by immunity algorithm (IA) was presented. Memory and self-regulation mechanisms of IA were used to avoid PSO plunging into local optima. Vaccination and immune selection mechanisms were used to prevent the undulate phenomenon during the evolutionary process. The algorithm was introduced through an application in the direct maintenance cost (DMC) estimation of aircraft components. Experiments results show that the algorithm can compute simply and run quickly. It resolves the combinatorial optimization problem of component DMC estimation with simple and available parameters. And it has higher accuracy than individual methods, such as PLS, BP and v-SVM, and also has better performance than other combined methods, such as basic PSO and BP neural network.展开更多
Exogenous alanyl-glutamine（Aln-Gln） was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）. Six diets...Exogenous alanyl-glutamine（Aln-Gln） was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）. Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate（WGR）, protein efficiency ratio（PER）, but feed conservation rate（FCR） and survival were not affected（P〉0.05）. The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na＋, K＋-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high（P〈0.05） with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase（GPX） activity, glutathione（GSH）, superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity increased and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels decreased significantly（P〈0.05） in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3（C3） and complement-4（C4） levels were significantly（P〈0.05） improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme（LSZ） activity increased significantly（P〈0.05） at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.展开更多
To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-b...To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-bit microcontroller to radio frequency aggression was investigated. Based on the existing model of the same microcontroller, the PDN module was modified by adding the core, PLL and MD network models, which could reflect the actual electric distribution situation within the microcontroller more accurately. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the modified model can be improved to 500 MHz, and its uncertainty is within ＋1.8 dB （＋2 dB is acceptable）. Then, to improve the simulation accuracy of the complete model in the high frequency range, the I/O model which contained the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics reflecting the variation of the internal impedance of the microcontroller with increasing the frequency of the external noise was introduced. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the second modified model can be improved up to 1.4 GHz with the uncertainty of ~1.8 dB. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that the proposed model can be applied to a much wider frequency range with a smaller uncertainty than the latest model of the similar type. Furthermore, associated with the electromagnetic emission testing platform model, the PDN module can also be used to predict the electromagnetic conducted and radiated emission characteristics. This modeling method can also be applied to other integrated circuits, which is very helpful to the standardization of the IC electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） modeling process.展开更多
Combining the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equations of particle swarm optimization, an advanced algorithm was introduced for functions optimization. The advantages of this algori...Combining the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equations of particle swarm optimization, an advanced algorithm was introduced for functions optimization. The advantages of this algorithm lies in two aspects. Via immunity operation, the diversity of the antibodies was maintained, and the speed of convergent was improved by using particle swarm evolution equations. Simulation programme and three functions were used to check the effect of the algorithm. The advanced algorithm were compared with clonal selection algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. The results show that this advanced algorithm can converge to the global optimum at a great rate in a given range, the performance of optimization is improved effectively.展开更多
The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined ove...The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.展开更多
To study the effects of human interleukin-2 genetransfer on the morphology, proliferation, tumori-genesis, immunity, and oncogenes expression of tumorcells, the gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) wasintroduced v...To study the effects of human interleukin-2 genetransfer on the morphology, proliferation, tumori-genesis, immunity, and oncogenes expression of tumorcells, the gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) wasintroduced via retroviral vectors pLXSN into ovariancancer cell lines SKOV3. A resistant clone with high IL-2activity (318 U/10~6cell/24 hours) in the culturesupernatants was cloned. The hIL-2 mRNA was detectedwith RT-PCR in SKOV3/IL2 cells. The IL2 secretinghas persisted for 23 weeks with 38 passanges. The展开更多
The ultimate aim of cancer immunotherapy is theinduction of tumor-specific T-lymphocyte responseseffective in eradicating disseminated tumors. There aregenerally tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in situ oftumor, but m...The ultimate aim of cancer immunotherapy is theinduction of tumor-specific T-lymphocyte responseseffective in eradicating disseminated tumors. There aregenerally tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in situ oftumor, but most of which are inactive, one of the majorreasons of such Inactivation is that T lymphocytes areexposured to an antigen-specific TCR signal in theabsence of antigen-nonspecific or co-stimulatory signal.The co-stimulatory factors, B7-l and B7-2 on the surfaceof antigen presenting cells provide a key signal for thegeneration of T cell immunity. Sincc hepatoma展开更多
It’s well known that interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays animportant role in eliciting antitumor immunityparticularly mediated by T cells. In addition, theexpression of MHC can be enhanced by IL-2 genetransfection in tumor ce...It’s well known that interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays animportant role in eliciting antitumor immunityparticularly mediated by T cells. In addition, theexpression of MHC can be enhanced by IL-2 genetransfection in tumor cells. Recent studies have indicatedthat at least two signals are required for the activation ofnaive T cells by antigen-bearing target cells: an antigen-sopific signal and a crystimulatory signal. B7-l is展开更多
One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d old) were randomly divided into six treatments, with three replicates of eight birds each to investigate the effect of different oligosaccharides on index of immune organ,...One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d old) were randomly divided into six treatments, with three replicates of eight birds each to investigate the effect of different oligosaccharides on index of immune organ, cecal weight and microflora in broilers. The control group (Group I) was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% manoligosaccharides (MOS), 0.3% soybean-oligosaccharides (SBOS), 0.3% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 0.3% α-glucooligosaccharides(α-GOS) and 0.03% chlortetracycline (CTC), respectively. The results showed that oligosaccharides supplementation significantly (P< 0.05) increased bifidobacteria concentration of young broilers and did not affect on bifidobacteria or escherichia coli concentration of the birds ( P >0.05). Cecal weights of 21 d old broilers fed with FOS and α-GOS were significantly(P <0.05) increased, higher than those with MOS and SBOS, but addition of oligosaccharides had no effect on the birds. The effect of oligosaccharides on the cecal length was the same as on the cecal weights. Oligosaccharides supplement did not affect on indexes of immune organs.展开更多
The human immune system has the function of selfdiscern.It can identify the non-self antigen and clear it through the immune response automatically.So,human body has the power of resisting disease.The anti-spam system...The human immune system has the function of selfdiscern.It can identify the non-self antigen and clear it through the immune response automatically.So,human body has the power of resisting disease.The anti-spam system basing on immune system is proposed by using immune system′s theory,and it is introduced in the mail service of enterprise VPN.Regard VPN as the human body,the mobile agent is simulated the antibody because of its movable and intelligent,and the spam is simulated the antigen.It can clear the spam by using immune mechanism.This method is a new thinking of anti-spam mail.The advantage is overcoming the weakness on independence of traditional antispam system.展开更多
文摘A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm improved by immunity algorithm (IA) was presented. Memory and self-regulation mechanisms of IA were used to avoid PSO plunging into local optima. Vaccination and immune selection mechanisms were used to prevent the undulate phenomenon during the evolutionary process. The algorithm was introduced through an application in the direct maintenance cost (DMC) estimation of aircraft components. Experiments results show that the algorithm can compute simply and run quickly. It resolves the combinatorial optimization problem of component DMC estimation with simple and available parameters. And it has higher accuracy than individual methods, such as PLS, BP and v-SVM, and also has better performance than other combined methods, such as basic PSO and BP neural network.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2014A08XK03)
文摘Exogenous alanyl-glutamine（Aln-Gln） was evaluated for its effects on growth performance, intestinal structure and function, antioxidant status and non-specific immunity of young carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）. Six diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln were fed to fish for 12 weeks. Supplementation with 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 of Aln-Gln significantly increased weight gain rate（WGR）, protein efficiency ratio（PER）, but feed conservation rate（FCR） and survival were not affected（P〉0.05）. The intestinal fold height and number, digestive enzyme, Na＋, K＋-ATPase activities was found to be significantly high（P〈0.05） with increasing dietary Aln-Gln supplementation up to 7.5 g · kg-1, but there were no significant differences for Aln-Gln supplementation from 7.5 to 15.0 g · kg-1. The glutathione peroxidase（GPX） activity, glutathione（GSH）, superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity increased and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels decreased significantly（P〈0.05） in the intestine, hepatopancreas, plasma and muscles. The plasma complement-3（C3） and complement-4（C4） levels were significantly（P〈0.05） improved at 5.0 g · kg-1 level and decreased when over 7.5 g · kg-1. The plasma lysozyme（LSZ） activity increased significantly（P〈0.05） at 7.5, 10.0, or 15.0 g · kg-1 level. In summary, the results showed that Aln-Gln improved growth performance, development and function of the intestine, the activity of the antioxidant defense system and the plasma non-specific immunity of the carps. The optimal Aln-Gln level was 8.24 g · kg-1 diet for WGR based on broken-line regression model analysis.
基金Project(2007dfa71250) supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperative Program of ChinaProject(20062250) supported by the Doctor Fund of North China Electric Power University, China
文摘To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-bit microcontroller to radio frequency aggression was investigated. Based on the existing model of the same microcontroller, the PDN module was modified by adding the core, PLL and MD network models, which could reflect the actual electric distribution situation within the microcontroller more accurately. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the modified model can be improved to 500 MHz, and its uncertainty is within ＋1.8 dB （＋2 dB is acceptable）. Then, to improve the simulation accuracy of the complete model in the high frequency range, the I/O model which contained the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics reflecting the variation of the internal impedance of the microcontroller with increasing the frequency of the external noise was introduced. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the second modified model can be improved up to 1.4 GHz with the uncertainty of ~1.8 dB. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that the proposed model can be applied to a much wider frequency range with a smaller uncertainty than the latest model of the similar type. Furthermore, associated with the electromagnetic emission testing platform model, the PDN module can also be used to predict the electromagnetic conducted and radiated emission characteristics. This modeling method can also be applied to other integrated circuits, which is very helpful to the standardization of the IC electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） modeling process.
基金Project(A1420060159) supported by the National Basic Research of China projects(60234030, 60404021) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Combining the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equations of particle swarm optimization, an advanced algorithm was introduced for functions optimization. The advantages of this algorithm lies in two aspects. Via immunity operation, the diversity of the antibodies was maintained, and the speed of convergent was improved by using particle swarm evolution equations. Simulation programme and three functions were used to check the effect of the algorithm. The advanced algorithm were compared with clonal selection algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. The results show that this advanced algorithm can converge to the global optimum at a great rate in a given range, the performance of optimization is improved effectively.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department of Foreign Cooperation Research Project(WB13B101)
文摘The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.
文摘To study the effects of human interleukin-2 genetransfer on the morphology, proliferation, tumori-genesis, immunity, and oncogenes expression of tumorcells, the gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) wasintroduced via retroviral vectors pLXSN into ovariancancer cell lines SKOV3. A resistant clone with high IL-2activity (318 U/10~6cell/24 hours) in the culturesupernatants was cloned. The hIL-2 mRNA was detectedwith RT-PCR in SKOV3/IL2 cells. The IL2 secretinghas persisted for 23 weeks with 38 passanges. The
文摘The ultimate aim of cancer immunotherapy is theinduction of tumor-specific T-lymphocyte responseseffective in eradicating disseminated tumors. There aregenerally tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in situ oftumor, but most of which are inactive, one of the majorreasons of such Inactivation is that T lymphocytes areexposured to an antigen-specific TCR signal in theabsence of antigen-nonspecific or co-stimulatory signal.The co-stimulatory factors, B7-l and B7-2 on the surfaceof antigen presenting cells provide a key signal for thegeneration of T cell immunity. Sincc hepatoma
文摘It’s well known that interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays animportant role in eliciting antitumor immunityparticularly mediated by T cells. In addition, theexpression of MHC can be enhanced by IL-2 genetransfection in tumor cells. Recent studies have indicatedthat at least two signals are required for the activation ofnaive T cells by antigen-bearing target cells: an antigen-sopific signal and a crystimulatory signal. B7-l is
文摘One hundred and forty-four Avin broilers (1 d old) were randomly divided into six treatments, with three replicates of eight birds each to investigate the effect of different oligosaccharides on index of immune organ, cecal weight and microflora in broilers. The control group (Group I) was fed with corn-soybean meal as basal diet, and the trial groups (group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ) were fed with basal diet plus 0.1% manoligosaccharides (MOS), 0.3% soybean-oligosaccharides (SBOS), 0.3% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 0.3% α-glucooligosaccharides(α-GOS) and 0.03% chlortetracycline (CTC), respectively. The results showed that oligosaccharides supplementation significantly (P< 0.05) increased bifidobacteria concentration of young broilers and did not affect on bifidobacteria or escherichia coli concentration of the birds ( P >0.05). Cecal weights of 21 d old broilers fed with FOS and α-GOS were significantly(P <0.05) increased, higher than those with MOS and SBOS, but addition of oligosaccharides had no effect on the birds. The effect of oligosaccharides on the cecal length was the same as on the cecal weights. Oligosaccharides supplement did not affect on indexes of immune organs.
文摘The human immune system has the function of selfdiscern.It can identify the non-self antigen and clear it through the immune response automatically.So,human body has the power of resisting disease.The anti-spam system basing on immune system is proposed by using immune system′s theory,and it is introduced in the mail service of enterprise VPN.Regard VPN as the human body,the mobile agent is simulated the antibody because of its movable and intelligent,and the spam is simulated the antigen.It can clear the spam by using immune mechanism.This method is a new thinking of anti-spam mail.The advantage is overcoming the weakness on independence of traditional antispam system.
