BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at...BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at early stage of smoke inhalation injury.METHODS： A rabbit smoke inhalation injury model was established using a home-made smoke inhalation injury generator, and rabbits were divided into two groups randomly： a control group （S group, n=32） and a MSCs treatment group （M group, n=32）. 10 ml PBS was injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the S group. Third generation MSCs with a concentration of 1×107/10 ml PBS were injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the M group. VEGF in peripheral blood and lung tissue were measured at 0 （baseline）, 2, 4 and 6 hours after injection respectively and analyzed. The right lungs of rabbits were taken to measure lung water mass fraction.RESULTS： In the lung tissue, VEGF decreased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and signi？ cantly decreased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it increased more signi？ cantly than the values at the corresponding time points （P〈0.05）. In peripheral blood, VEGF increased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and markedly increased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it decreased more signi？ cantly than the values at corresponding time points （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： MSCs engraftment to smoke inhalation injury could increase VEGF in lung tissue, decrease VEGF in plasma and reduce extravascular lung water, indicating its protective effect on smoke inhalation injury.展开更多
Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an inc...Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.展开更多
A rat model was used to explore the therapeutic effects of ginsenosides (GS)on smoke inhalation long injury.It was found that GS could markedly alleviate the in-crease of pulmonary microvascular permeability (PMVP),re...A rat model was used to explore the therapeutic effects of ginsenosides (GS)on smoke inhalation long injury.It was found that GS could markedly alleviate the in-crease of pulmonary microvascular permeability (PMVP),reduction of protein and leu-cocyte content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the smoke inhalation injur-ed rats.Histopathological studies of the lungs revealed that GS could distinctly reduceleucocyte accumulation in the vessels,interstitial infiltration of leucocytes,interstitial andintra-alveolar edema,hemorrhage and vascular congestion.Meanwhile,GS could inhibitthe elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lungs and serum and reverse the decrea-sed activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lungs after smoke inhalation.In addi-tion experiments in vitro also showed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in lung homo-genate and elimination of superoxide anions hydroxyl radicals effectively by GS in properdoses.These results imply that there is close interrelationship between the therapeuticefficiency of GS on smoke inhalation lung injury and its capability of antioxidation.展开更多
An arumal model to study smoke inhalation injuries was established in the sheep.22adult mate sheep were forced to inhale saw-dust smoke of pine wood for 6 minutes through anendotracheal tube.Pulmonury compliance,arter...An arumal model to study smoke inhalation injuries was established in the sheep.22adult mate sheep were forced to inhale saw-dust smoke of pine wood for 6 minutes through anendotracheal tube.Pulmonury compliance,arterial blood gases,carboxyhemoglobin,andoxyhemoglobin were monitored and the morpholgical chanhes of the tracheobronchial tree andpulmonary parenchyma were studied with optical and eletron microscopy.Severe carbon monoxide poisorung with fatal blooa level of carboxyhemoglobin（higher than50％） was found at the end of smoie inhalation.Acute respiratory distress,progressivehypoxerrua decreased pulmonary compliance and increased P（A-α）O<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>s</sub>/Q<sub>T</sub> oecurred af-ter the injury.Tracheobronchial blockage due to pseudomembranous cast,pulmonary edema,atelectasis,and necrosis of pulmonary epithelium were demonstrated on histological sections.The mechaniisms of carbon monoxide poisoning ane acute respiratory failure was discussed.展开更多
Six hours after smoke inhalation injury in rabbits, the permeability of pulmonary vesselsand the aggregation of circulating platelets increased markedly accompanied with apparent patholog-ical changes in the trachea a...Six hours after smoke inhalation injury in rabbits, the permeability of pulmonary vesselsand the aggregation of circulating platelets increased markedly accompanied with apparent patholog-ical changes in the trachea and lungs. Fifteen minutes after smoke inhalation injury in rabbits, an intravenous dose of ginsenosides or ketoprofenwas given to the animals respectively. 6 hours after medication, it was found that both the drugscould significantly alleviate the platelet aggregation, but only ginsenosides could alleviate theaugmentation of pulmonary vascular permeability and the pathological lesions in the trachea andlungs. In those rats injured by smoke inhalation, l hour after an intravenous dose of ginsenosides, theplasma PGI<sub>2</sub> level was elevated and TXA<sub>2</sub>/PGI<sub>2</sub> ratio decreased significantly.展开更多
The changes of the cytoplasmic free calcium level in the neutrophils after smoke in-halation injury were observed in rabbits and then the effects of tetrandrine,a calcium antago-nist,on the changes of free calcium lev...The changes of the cytoplasmic free calcium level in the neutrophils after smoke in-halation injury were observed in rabbits and then the effects of tetrandrine,a calcium antago-nist,on the changes of free calcium level were studied.It was found that the number of neu-trophils increased significantly preceded by a transient decrease in the blood and also increasedin the bronehoalveolar lavage fluid after smoke inhalation.and the level of cytoplasmic free calci-um in the blood neutrophil increased likewise.Administration of tetrandrine resulted in a reduc-tion of the neutrophils number in the lungs and the free calcium level in the blood neutrophils toalleviate the pulmonary injury due to smoke inhalation.It is believed that there is a close rela-tionship between the activation of neutrophils and the pathophysiological changes of the lungs,and tetrandrine can exert its therapeutic effects on the injury by decreasing the free calcium levelin the neutrophils to modulate their functions.展开更多
The increases of tracheal vascular permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content 1,2 and 3 h after introduction of hot air into the rat tracheaswere markedly inhibited by pethidine.The decreases of tracheal superoxide...The increases of tracheal vascular permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content 1,2 and 3 h after introduction of hot air into the rat tracheaswere markedly inhibited by pethidine.The decreases of tracheal superoxidedismutase (SOD) activity 2 and 3h after hot air injury were elevated bypethidine.However,the inhibitory effect of pethidine on tracheal vascularpermeability was not antagonized by naloxone.This implies that opiate receptorsensitive to naloxone is not involved in the inhibitory effect of pethidine ontracheal vascular permeability.Pethidine could decrease MDA content and in-crease SOD activity.These antioxidative effects are beneficial to decreasingvascular permeability.展开更多
The dose distribution in the lung is inhomogeneous. The dose to the hasal cell layer of trachea and main bronchi is much higher than the dose to total lung both for rabbits at different ages and for different animals....The dose distribution in the lung is inhomogeneous. The dose to the hasal cell layer of trachea and main bronchi is much higher than the dose to total lung both for rabbits at different ages and for different animals. A maximum value of the dose to lung tissue for rabbits at ages of 20-40d is observed. The dose decreases with increasing body weight. The relationship between the dose and body weight can be described by a power function. The dose to total lung increases exponentially with the minute breathing volume per unit of lung weight.展开更多
The therapeutic effects of MDL 74405, an antioxidant and an analogue of vitamin E, on severe smoke inhalation were observed in rats. It was found that MDL 7440b could reduce the malondialdehyde(MDA) level in the plasm...The therapeutic effects of MDL 74405, an antioxidant and an analogue of vitamin E, on severe smoke inhalation were observed in rats. It was found that MDL 7440b could reduce the malondialdehyde(MDA) level in the plasma, the lungs, the liver, the heart and展开更多
Objective: Whether early massive bronchoalveolar lavage can remove the harmful substances from the lungs injured with smoke inhalation remains uncertain. This study was designed to observe the effects of early massive...Objective: Whether early massive bronchoalveolar lavage can remove the harmful substances from the lungs injured with smoke inhalation remains uncertain. This study was designed to observe the effects of early massive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the healthy lungs in rats. Methods: Mongrel dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury. The injured lungs were lavaged with large amount of normal saline in the first hour after injury and the BALF was collected. The BALF was injected into the healthy lungs of 30 rats (group C) in the dosage of 5 ml/kg. The functions and pathological changes of the lungs were observed 24 h after perfusion with the BALF. The data were compared with those of 23 rats (group B) whose lungs were perfused with the BALF collected from normal dogs and those of 21 rats (group A) whose lungs were perfused with normal saline. Results: The mortality rate 24 h after lung perfusion was higher in group C than in groups A and B. The survivors of group C exhibited fluctuation of respiratory rate (RR), remarkable decrease of PaO 2, significantly higher content of lung water, decrease of total static pulmonary compliance and pulmonary expansion index, and increasse of inflammatory cytokines in the tissues of lungs. Only slight mechanic obstructive effect on the airway was observed in rats of group A and B. The pathological changes of the lungs of the rats in group C were similar to those of the dogs with actual smoke inhalation injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the BALF collected from dogs with acute severe smoke inhalation injury in the early stage after injury injured the normal lungs of rats with the bioactive substances in the BALF. These findings show us that it is a valuable therapeutic procedure to apply massive bronchoalveolar fluid lavage in the early stage after inhalation injury.展开更多
Objective: To study the CT and MR imaging features of spongiform leukoencephalopathy after heroin vapor inhalation. Method,: The CT and MR imaging features and pathologic findings of 13 patients with heroin-induced sp...Objective: To study the CT and MR imaging features of spongiform leukoencephalopathy after heroin vapor inhalation. Method,: The CT and MR imaging features and pathologic findings of 13 patients with heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy were analyzed. Results: CT scanning and MRI of all the patients showed diffuse, symmetric lesion in the cerebellar and cerebral white matter, and the cerebellum was invariably involved in all cases. Symmetric round or butterfly-like lesions lateral to the midline of the cerebellum with clear border was the most distinct feature in CT and MRI examination. The lesions were not found in the anterior limbs of the internal capsules. CT scanning showed low-density changes while MRI TIWI imaging presented low-signal and T2WI high-signal lesions without space-occupying mass. The pathologic findings showed spongiform degeneration of the white matter in the central nervous system, but necrotic lesions were not observed. Conclusions: Spongiform leukoencephalopathy should be considered when acute. cerebellar signs are present in patients who admitted a history of heroin inhalation. The CT and MRI manifestation of this disease is typical and the diagnosis can thus be made.展开更多
The effect of inhaled nano-TiO2 on lung histology and serum biochemical indexes is evaluated in healthy and adult Kunming mice（eight in each group）after exposure to TiO2 aerosols（1 500 mg/m3）in a sealed chamber.An...The effect of inhaled nano-TiO2 on lung histology and serum biochemical indexes is evaluated in healthy and adult Kunming mice（eight in each group）after exposure to TiO2 aerosols（1 500 mg/m3）in a sealed chamber.Another eight mice are exposed to indoor air to be served as a control group.Lung tissue and blood are collected after euthanizing the animals.The results show that lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）activity increases in all experimental groups.Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）activity and blood urea nitrogen（BUN）levels are increased in the group exposed to TiO2 aerosols for 28 d,and creatinine（Cr）levels are increased in 14 d and 28 d samples（P0.05）.No obvious changes are observed in other serum indexes.Lungs of mice exposed to 28 d exposure show significant but moderate increase in pulmonary inflammation,and many TiO2 particles are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Airway foreign bodies(AFBs)is an interdisciplinary area between emergency medicine,pediatrics and otolaryngology.It is a life-threatening condition that is not infrequently seen;however,it is poorly covered...BACKGROUND:Airway foreign bodies(AFBs)is an interdisciplinary area between emergency medicine,pediatrics and otolaryngology.It is a life-threatening condition that is not infrequently seen;however,it is poorly covered in medical literature.Accidental aspiration of an element into airways is a widespread clinical scenario among children under 3 years,predominantly males.Moreover,it is the leading cause of infantile deaths and the fourth one among preschool children.DATA RESOURCES:A systemic search was conducted in July 2015 using Pub Med/Pub Med Central Database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).A total of 1 767 articles were identified and most of them were meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and case series.Those thoroughly discussing assessment and management of AFBs were retrieved.RESULTS:AFBs episodes may be either witnessed or missed.Presence of a witness for the inhalation is diagnostic.The later usually present with persistent active cough.A classical triad of paroxysmal cough,wheezing,and dyspnoea/decreased air entry was reported,though many presentations have inconsistent findings.Hence,diagnosis requires high index of clinical suspicion.Flexible fibro-optic bronchoscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis,whereas inhaled objects are best retrieved by rigid bronchoscopes.CONCLUSIONS:Close supervision of pediatrics is the hallmark of prevention.Caregivers should ensure a safe surrounding milieu,including the toys their offspring play with.Immediate complications result from direct obstruction or injury by the inhaled object.Alternatively,prolonged lodging traps air and induces inflammatory response causing atelectesis and pneumonia,respectively.展开更多
To evaluate the acute lung toxicity and the effect on serum biochemical indexes of inhaled TiO2 nanotubes , healthy and adult Kunming mice are exposed to aerosols of TiO2nanotubes in a sealed chamber , the concentrati...To evaluate the acute lung toxicity and the effect on serum biochemical indexes of inhaled TiO2 nanotubes , healthy and adult Kunming mice are exposed to aerosols of TiO2nanotubes in a sealed chamber , the concentration of which is 250mg / m 3 while another group of mice are exposed to room air only served as control.The blood , alveolar lavaged fluid and lungs of the mice are collected and examined after exposed for 7 , 14and 28d , respectively.The serum analysis shows that glucose ( Glu ) values with 7dexposure , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) activities with 28dinhalation , and total bile acid ( TBA ) values with 7 , 28d as well as the creatine kinase ( CK ) levels with 28dexposure are significantly different from those of controls ( P< 0.05 ) .The pathological findings exhibit that more TiO 2 nanotubes are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli with the experimental time prolonged.The results suggest that TiO 2 nanotubes do produce adverse responses to the lung and serum biochemical indexes of mice.Moreover , the responses become severer with the exposed-time prolonged.展开更多
Objective To understand the regulation and control of the position of the diencophalon followingmethoxyflurane. halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Methods: By using Fos--oncoprotein antibody immunohistoch...Objective To understand the regulation and control of the position of the diencophalon followingmethoxyflurane. halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Methods: By using Fos--oncoprotein antibody immunohistochemical technique(ABC method), the distribution of c--fos oncogene expression in the diencophalon was observed under optical microscope (Olympus ). Results: Fifteen Fos--like immunoreactive neurons appeared in the diencophalon. They were Paraventricular thalanlic nucleus. central medial thalarnic nucleus, reuniens thalamic nucleus, rhomboid thalamic nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus. dorsal lateralgeniculate nucleus. lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, laterdorsal thalamic nucleus, periventeriicular hypothealamic nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, arcute hyothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus and habenular nucleus. Conclusion: The inhalationanesthetics in diencophalon do not spread all over the place but have clear acting positions.展开更多
This study conducted experiments on producing inhaled medical nitric oxide （iNO） by pulsed arc discharge in dry and clean air under different discharge current. The concentration of NO and NO2 produced by air discha...This study conducted experiments on producing inhaled medical nitric oxide （iNO） by pulsed arc discharge in dry and clean air under different discharge current. The concentration of NO and NO2 produced by air discharge, as well as the change of the ratio of NO2/NO under different discharge current were investigated. Through the analysis of plasma emission spectrum, the relationship between discharge current and arc plasma temperature was studied. The results indicate that, as discharge current increases, the arc plasma temperature increases, which then leads to the increase of NO concentration, the decrease of NO2 concentration, and the rapid decrease of the ratio of NO2/NO. When the plasma temperature is 9000 K, the ratio of NO2/NO is approximately 60%, while when the plasma temperature varies between 10550 K and 11300 K, the NO2/NO ratio is within the range of 4.2% to 4.6%.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： This study was undertaken to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） engraftment on vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） in lung tissue, plasma and extravascular lung water at early stage of smoke inhalation injury.METHODS： A rabbit smoke inhalation injury model was established using a home-made smoke inhalation injury generator, and rabbits were divided into two groups randomly： a control group （S group, n=32） and a MSCs treatment group （M group, n=32）. 10 ml PBS was injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the S group. Third generation MSCs with a concentration of 1×107/10 ml PBS were injected via the ear marginal vein immediately at injury into the M group. VEGF in peripheral blood and lung tissue were measured at 0 （baseline）, 2, 4 and 6 hours after injection respectively and analyzed. The right lungs of rabbits were taken to measure lung water mass fraction.RESULTS： In the lung tissue, VEGF decreased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and signi？ cantly decreased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it increased more signi？ cantly than the values at the corresponding time points （P〈0.05）. In peripheral blood, VEGF increased gradually in the S group （P〈0.05） and markedly increased in the M group （P〈0.05）, but it decreased more signi？ cantly than the values at corresponding time points （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： MSCs engraftment to smoke inhalation injury could increase VEGF in lung tissue, decrease VEGF in plasma and reduce extravascular lung water, indicating its protective effect on smoke inhalation injury.
文摘Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.
文摘A rat model was used to explore the therapeutic effects of ginsenosides (GS)on smoke inhalation long injury.It was found that GS could markedly alleviate the in-crease of pulmonary microvascular permeability (PMVP),reduction of protein and leu-cocyte content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the smoke inhalation injur-ed rats.Histopathological studies of the lungs revealed that GS could distinctly reduceleucocyte accumulation in the vessels,interstitial infiltration of leucocytes,interstitial andintra-alveolar edema,hemorrhage and vascular congestion.Meanwhile,GS could inhibitthe elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lungs and serum and reverse the decrea-sed activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lungs after smoke inhalation.In addi-tion experiments in vitro also showed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in lung homo-genate and elimination of superoxide anions hydroxyl radicals effectively by GS in properdoses.These results imply that there is close interrelationship between the therapeuticefficiency of GS on smoke inhalation lung injury and its capability of antioxidation.
文摘An arumal model to study smoke inhalation injuries was established in the sheep.22adult mate sheep were forced to inhale saw-dust smoke of pine wood for 6 minutes through anendotracheal tube.Pulmonury compliance,arterial blood gases,carboxyhemoglobin,andoxyhemoglobin were monitored and the morpholgical chanhes of the tracheobronchial tree andpulmonary parenchyma were studied with optical and eletron microscopy.Severe carbon monoxide poisorung with fatal blooa level of carboxyhemoglobin（higher than50％） was found at the end of smoie inhalation.Acute respiratory distress,progressivehypoxerrua decreased pulmonary compliance and increased P（A-α）O<sub>2</sub> and Q<sub>s</sub>/Q<sub>T</sub> oecurred af-ter the injury.Tracheobronchial blockage due to pseudomembranous cast,pulmonary edema,atelectasis,and necrosis of pulmonary epithelium were demonstrated on histological sections.The mechaniisms of carbon monoxide poisoning ane acute respiratory failure was discussed.
文摘Six hours after smoke inhalation injury in rabbits, the permeability of pulmonary vesselsand the aggregation of circulating platelets increased markedly accompanied with apparent patholog-ical changes in the trachea and lungs. Fifteen minutes after smoke inhalation injury in rabbits, an intravenous dose of ginsenosides or ketoprofenwas given to the animals respectively. 6 hours after medication, it was found that both the drugscould significantly alleviate the platelet aggregation, but only ginsenosides could alleviate theaugmentation of pulmonary vascular permeability and the pathological lesions in the trachea andlungs. In those rats injured by smoke inhalation, l hour after an intravenous dose of ginsenosides, theplasma PGI<sub>2</sub> level was elevated and TXA<sub>2</sub>/PGI<sub>2</sub> ratio decreased significantly.
文摘The changes of the cytoplasmic free calcium level in the neutrophils after smoke in-halation injury were observed in rabbits and then the effects of tetrandrine,a calcium antago-nist,on the changes of free calcium level were studied.It was found that the number of neu-trophils increased significantly preceded by a transient decrease in the blood and also increasedin the bronehoalveolar lavage fluid after smoke inhalation.and the level of cytoplasmic free calci-um in the blood neutrophil increased likewise.Administration of tetrandrine resulted in a reduc-tion of the neutrophils number in the lungs and the free calcium level in the blood neutrophils toalleviate the pulmonary injury due to smoke inhalation.It is believed that there is a close rela-tionship between the activation of neutrophils and the pathophysiological changes of the lungs,and tetrandrine can exert its therapeutic effects on the injury by decreasing the free calcium levelin the neutrophils to modulate their functions.
文摘The increases of tracheal vascular permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content 1,2 and 3 h after introduction of hot air into the rat tracheaswere markedly inhibited by pethidine.The decreases of tracheal superoxidedismutase (SOD) activity 2 and 3h after hot air injury were elevated bypethidine.However,the inhibitory effect of pethidine on tracheal vascularpermeability was not antagonized by naloxone.This implies that opiate receptorsensitive to naloxone is not involved in the inhibitory effect of pethidine ontracheal vascular permeability.Pethidine could decrease MDA content and in-crease SOD activity.These antioxidative effects are beneficial to decreasingvascular permeability.
文摘The dose distribution in the lung is inhomogeneous. The dose to the hasal cell layer of trachea and main bronchi is much higher than the dose to total lung both for rabbits at different ages and for different animals. A maximum value of the dose to lung tissue for rabbits at ages of 20-40d is observed. The dose decreases with increasing body weight. The relationship between the dose and body weight can be described by a power function. The dose to total lung increases exponentially with the minute breathing volume per unit of lung weight.
文摘The therapeutic effects of MDL 74405, an antioxidant and an analogue of vitamin E, on severe smoke inhalation were observed in rats. It was found that MDL 7440b could reduce the malondialdehyde(MDA) level in the plasma, the lungs, the liver, the heart and
基金SupportedbytheFoundationforthe"NinthFive yearPlan"ofPLA (No .96L0 4 3)
文摘Objective: Whether early massive bronchoalveolar lavage can remove the harmful substances from the lungs injured with smoke inhalation remains uncertain. This study was designed to observe the effects of early massive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the healthy lungs in rats. Methods: Mongrel dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury. The injured lungs were lavaged with large amount of normal saline in the first hour after injury and the BALF was collected. The BALF was injected into the healthy lungs of 30 rats (group C) in the dosage of 5 ml/kg. The functions and pathological changes of the lungs were observed 24 h after perfusion with the BALF. The data were compared with those of 23 rats (group B) whose lungs were perfused with the BALF collected from normal dogs and those of 21 rats (group A) whose lungs were perfused with normal saline. Results: The mortality rate 24 h after lung perfusion was higher in group C than in groups A and B. The survivors of group C exhibited fluctuation of respiratory rate (RR), remarkable decrease of PaO 2, significantly higher content of lung water, decrease of total static pulmonary compliance and pulmonary expansion index, and increasse of inflammatory cytokines in the tissues of lungs. Only slight mechanic obstructive effect on the airway was observed in rats of group A and B. The pathological changes of the lungs of the rats in group C were similar to those of the dogs with actual smoke inhalation injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the BALF collected from dogs with acute severe smoke inhalation injury in the early stage after injury injured the normal lungs of rats with the bioactive substances in the BALF. These findings show us that it is a valuable therapeutic procedure to apply massive bronchoalveolar fluid lavage in the early stage after inhalation injury.
文摘Objective: To study the CT and MR imaging features of spongiform leukoencephalopathy after heroin vapor inhalation. Method,: The CT and MR imaging features and pathologic findings of 13 patients with heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy were analyzed. Results: CT scanning and MRI of all the patients showed diffuse, symmetric lesion in the cerebellar and cerebral white matter, and the cerebellum was invariably involved in all cases. Symmetric round or butterfly-like lesions lateral to the midline of the cerebellum with clear border was the most distinct feature in CT and MRI examination. The lesions were not found in the anterior limbs of the internal capsules. CT scanning showed low-density changes while MRI TIWI imaging presented low-signal and T2WI high-signal lesions without space-occupying mass. The pathologic findings showed spongiform degeneration of the white matter in the central nervous system, but necrotic lesions were not observed. Conclusions: Spongiform leukoencephalopathy should be considered when acute. cerebellar signs are present in patients who admitted a history of heroin inhalation. The CT and MRI manifestation of this disease is typical and the diagnosis can thus be made.
文摘The effect of inhaled nano-TiO2 on lung histology and serum biochemical indexes is evaluated in healthy and adult Kunming mice（eight in each group）after exposure to TiO2 aerosols（1 500 mg/m3）in a sealed chamber.Another eight mice are exposed to indoor air to be served as a control group.Lung tissue and blood are collected after euthanizing the animals.The results show that lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）activity increases in all experimental groups.Alanine aminotransferase（ALT）activity and blood urea nitrogen（BUN）levels are increased in the group exposed to TiO2 aerosols for 28 d,and creatinine（Cr）levels are increased in 14 d and 28 d samples（P0.05）.No obvious changes are observed in other serum indexes.Lungs of mice exposed to 28 d exposure show significant but moderate increase in pulmonary inflammation,and many TiO2 particles are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli.
文摘BACKGROUND:Airway foreign bodies(AFBs)is an interdisciplinary area between emergency medicine,pediatrics and otolaryngology.It is a life-threatening condition that is not infrequently seen;however,it is poorly covered in medical literature.Accidental aspiration of an element into airways is a widespread clinical scenario among children under 3 years,predominantly males.Moreover,it is the leading cause of infantile deaths and the fourth one among preschool children.DATA RESOURCES:A systemic search was conducted in July 2015 using Pub Med/Pub Med Central Database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).A total of 1 767 articles were identified and most of them were meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and case series.Those thoroughly discussing assessment and management of AFBs were retrieved.RESULTS:AFBs episodes may be either witnessed or missed.Presence of a witness for the inhalation is diagnostic.The later usually present with persistent active cough.A classical triad of paroxysmal cough,wheezing,and dyspnoea/decreased air entry was reported,though many presentations have inconsistent findings.Hence,diagnosis requires high index of clinical suspicion.Flexible fibro-optic bronchoscopy is the gold standard of diagnosis,whereas inhaled objects are best retrieved by rigid bronchoscopes.CONCLUSIONS:Close supervision of pediatrics is the hallmark of prevention.Caregivers should ensure a safe surrounding milieu,including the toys their offspring play with.Immediate complications result from direct obstruction or injury by the inhaled object.Alternatively,prolonged lodging traps air and induces inflammatory response causing atelectesis and pneumonia,respectively.
基金Supported by the Ford University Research Projectthe "Peak of Six Major Human Resources Plan" of Jiangsu Province
文摘To evaluate the acute lung toxicity and the effect on serum biochemical indexes of inhaled TiO2 nanotubes , healthy and adult Kunming mice are exposed to aerosols of TiO2nanotubes in a sealed chamber , the concentration of which is 250mg / m 3 while another group of mice are exposed to room air only served as control.The blood , alveolar lavaged fluid and lungs of the mice are collected and examined after exposed for 7 , 14and 28d , respectively.The serum analysis shows that glucose ( Glu ) values with 7dexposure , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) activities with 28dinhalation , and total bile acid ( TBA ) values with 7 , 28d as well as the creatine kinase ( CK ) levels with 28dexposure are significantly different from those of controls ( P< 0.05 ) .The pathological findings exhibit that more TiO 2 nanotubes are found in the interstitium of pulmonary alveoli with the experimental time prolonged.The results suggest that TiO 2 nanotubes do produce adverse responses to the lung and serum biochemical indexes of mice.Moreover , the responses become severer with the exposed-time prolonged.
文摘Objective To understand the regulation and control of the position of the diencophalon followingmethoxyflurane. halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia. Methods: By using Fos--oncoprotein antibody immunohistochemical technique(ABC method), the distribution of c--fos oncogene expression in the diencophalon was observed under optical microscope (Olympus ). Results: Fifteen Fos--like immunoreactive neurons appeared in the diencophalon. They were Paraventricular thalanlic nucleus. central medial thalarnic nucleus, reuniens thalamic nucleus, rhomboid thalamic nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus. dorsal lateralgeniculate nucleus. lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, laterdorsal thalamic nucleus, periventeriicular hypothealamic nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, arcute hyothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus and habenular nucleus. Conclusion: The inhalationanesthetics in diencophalon do not spread all over the place but have clear acting positions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50677026)the Graduates' Innovation Foundation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology of China (HF-08-11-2011-261)
文摘This study conducted experiments on producing inhaled medical nitric oxide （iNO） by pulsed arc discharge in dry and clean air under different discharge current. The concentration of NO and NO2 produced by air discharge, as well as the change of the ratio of NO2/NO under different discharge current were investigated. Through the analysis of plasma emission spectrum, the relationship between discharge current and arc plasma temperature was studied. The results indicate that, as discharge current increases, the arc plasma temperature increases, which then leads to the increase of NO concentration, the decrease of NO2 concentration, and the rapid decrease of the ratio of NO2/NO. When the plasma temperature is 9000 K, the ratio of NO2/NO is approximately 60%, while when the plasma temperature varies between 10550 K and 11300 K, the NO2/NO ratio is within the range of 4.2% to 4.6%.
