The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for...The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for in situ removal of sulfur condensed inside the reactor walls. The dissociation of H2S was primarily initiated by the excitation of carder gas （At） through electron collisions which appeared to be the rate determining step. The experiments were carded out with initial concentration of H2S varied between 5 and 25 vol% at 150 mL/min （at standard temperature and pressure） flow rate in the input power range of 0.5 to 2 W. The reaction rate model based on continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） model failed to explain the global kinetics of H2S decomposition, probably due to the multiple complex reactions involved in H2S decomposition, whereas Michaelis-Menten model was satisfactory. Typical results indicated that the reaction order approached zero with increasing inlet concentration.展开更多
Sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide（H2S） has been performed by means of wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS） near 1.578 μm. With the scan amplitude and the stability of the background baseline taken into a...Sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide（H2S） has been performed by means of wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS） near 1.578 μm. With the scan amplitude and the stability of the background baseline taken into account, the response time is 4 s for a 0.8 L multi-pass cell with a 56.7 m effective optical path length. Moreover, the linearity has been tested in the 0–50 ppmv range. The detection limit achievable by the Allan variance is 224 ppb within 24 s under room temperature and ambient pressure conditions. This tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy（TDLAS） system for H2 S detection has the feasibility of real-time online monitoring in many applications.展开更多
The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a...The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a rotating packed bed was investigated in a scale for treating 10 000 Nm3/h of gas. On the basis of studying the influence of the species and con- centration of alkali source, the liquid/gas volume ratio, the high gravity factor, and the hydrogen sulfide content in feed gas on the desulfurization effect, the suitable technological conditions were obtained. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency could reach 98.0% under these conditions. The results of continuous operation of process facilities showed that the high gravity method has many merits including higher desulfurization rate, good stability in operation, lower liquid/gas volume ratio, greater operation elasticity, and apparent energy saving effects.展开更多
A simple and scalable synthetic approach for one-step synthesis of graphene–Cu O(TRGC) nanocomposite by an in situ thermo-annealing method has been developed.Using graphene oxide(GO) and copper hydroxide as a precurs...A simple and scalable synthetic approach for one-step synthesis of graphene–Cu O(TRGC) nanocomposite by an in situ thermo-annealing method has been developed.Using graphene oxide(GO) and copper hydroxide as a precursors reagent,the reduction of GO and the uniform deposition of in situ formed Cu O nanoparticles on graphene was simultaneously achieved.The method employed no solvents,toxic-reducing agents,or organic modifiers.The resulting nanostructured hybrid exhibited improved H2 S sorption capacity of 1.5 mmol H2S/g-sorbent(3 g S/100 g-sorbent).Due to its highly dispersed sub-20 nm Cu O nanoparticles and large specific surface area,TRGC nanocomposite exhibits tremendous potential for energy and environment applications.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)synthases/H_(2)S pathway in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.Methods Wistar rats were subdivided into 4 groups:(1)2-kidney,1-clip(2K-1C group,n...Objective To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)synthases/H_(2)S pathway in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.Methods Wistar rats were subdivided into 4 groups:(1)2-kidney,1-clip(2K-1C group,n=7),(2)control(n=7),(3)sham(n=7),and(4)2K-1C plus sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)(NaHS-treated group,n=7).The systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured by a tail-cuff method using a pulse transducer once a week.Four weeks later,all rats were killed and the concentration of plasma hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),the activity of the H_(2)S synthases in the kidneys on both sides,the plasma angiotensinⅡconcentration,and the left-to-whole heart weight ratio were measured.Results The SBP was significantly increased in the 2K-1C group(185.4±14.0mmHg)comparing with those in the sham group(112.9±6.5mmHg,,or the NaHS-treated group(134.8±9.5mmHg))(both P<0.01).At 4 weeks,the angiotensinⅡconcentration in the plasma was increased in the 2K-1C and NaHS-treated group,comparing with the control and the sham group(306.92±7.03 pg/ml and 240.73±13.22 pg/ml vs 122.6±25.49 pg/ml and 125.95±10.55 pg/ml,respectively,both P<0.05).The plasma H_(2)S concentration and the activity of H_(2)S synthases in the left kidney were decreased in the 2K-1C group comparing with those in the sham and the control groups.There was no difference of the activity of the H_(2)S synthases in the right kidneys among the 4 groups.The left-to-whole heart weight ratio was increased in the 2K-1C and the NaHS-treated group camparing with that in the sham and natural control groups.Conclusions Dysfunction of the H_(2)S synthases/H_(2)S pathway was involved in the 2K-1C-induced renovascular hypertension in rat.Exogenous administration of H_(2)S donor can attenuate the development of hypertension.These findings suggest that the H_(2)S synthases/H_(2)S pathway participates in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic ...BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid(OA).METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were divided into control group, oleic acid-induced ALI group(OA group), oleic acid-induced ALI with sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS) pretreatment group(OA+Na HS group), and sodium hydrosulfide treatment group(Na HS group). Rats of each group were further subdivided into 3 subgroups. Index of quantitative assessment of histological lung injury(IQA), wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) and H2 S level of lung tissues were measured. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers including glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) and α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2(el F2α) in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.RESULTS: The IQA score and W/D ratio of lung tissues at the three time points significantly increased in rats injected with OA, but significantly decreased in other rats injected with OA and Na HS. The level of H2 S in lung tissue at the three time points significantly decreased in rats injected with OA, but significantly increased in other rats injected with both OA and Na HS. GRP78 and el F2α decreased in rats injected with OA, but increased in other rats injected with both OA and Na HS, especially at 4-hour and 6-hour time points.CONCLUSION: The results suggested that H2 S could promote alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with ALI.展开更多
A copper-based non-aqueous-phase desulfurization agent is prepared by adding CuCl_(2) to the solvent N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF).Static desulfurization experiments show that the agent has high efficiency.However,the des...A copper-based non-aqueous-phase desulfurization agent is prepared by adding CuCl_(2) to the solvent N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF).Static desulfurization experiments show that the agent has high efficiency.However,the desulfurization reaction leads to the formation of a copper sulfide precipitate.It is found that the addition of chloride ions in the form of hydrochloric acid or potassium chloride prevents the formation of copper sulfide,and elemental sulfur is precipitated instead.The efficient absorption of H2S by the Cu/HCl–DMF agent relies on the rapid coordination of Cu^(2+)with DMF,Cl^(−),and H2S molecules to form a[Cu(DMF)_(n−p)(HS−)_(p)(Cl−)_(m)]_((2−p−m))+complex.The desulfurization agent has a sulfur capacity of up to 9.81 g/L when used in static bubble desulfurization at atmospheric pressure.The system has low viscosity and good chemical and thermal stability.It can be rapidly regenerated through continuous oxidation.After five repetitions of the regeneration procedure,the sulfur capacity reaches more than 91%of the initial capacity,indicating the potential of the system for commercial applications.展开更多
Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized inf...Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized influencing factors has resulted in a Fe chelating capacity of the iron-based desulfurization solution to be equal to 6.83—13.56 g/L at a redox potential of 0.185—0.3. The desulfurization performance of Fe(III)/Fe(II) chelating agents was investigated on a simulated sulfur-containing industrial gas composed of H2 S and N2 in a cross-flow rotating packed bed. Test results have revealed that the proposed iron-based desulfurization solution showed a sulfur removal efficiency of over 99% along with a Fe chelating capacity exceeding 1.35 g/L. This desulfurization technology which has practical application prospect is currently in the phase of commercial scale-up study.展开更多
Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the ...Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical methods.Visual inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion corrosion.The shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium models.The numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.The mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion corrosion.Moreover,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion corrosion.The predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.展开更多
Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in geological deposits can account for the accumulation of H2S in deep sour gas reservoirs. In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction of CH4-CaSO4 were carri...Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in geological deposits can account for the accumulation of H2S in deep sour gas reservoirs. In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction of CH4-CaSO4 were carried out using an autoclave at high temperatures and high pressures. The products were characterized with analytical methods including carbon isotope analysis. It is found that the reaction can proceed to produce H2S, H2O and CaCO3 as the main products. Based on the experimental results, the carbon kinetic isotope fractionation was investigated, and the value of Ki (kinetic isotope effect) was calculated. The results obtained in this paper can provide useful information to explain the occurrence of H2S in deep carbonate gas reservoirs.展开更多
By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction met...By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction method. In order to determine the operating conditions of the system, the effects of the concentration of Fe3+ ions(ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L), the liquid-gas volume ratio(ranging from 15 to 25 L/m3) and the high gravity factor(ranging from 36 to 126) on the removal of H2 S were studied by means of the Box-Behnken design(BBD) under response surface methodology(RSM). The overall results have demonstrated that the BBD with an experimental design can be used effectively in the optimization of the desulfurization process. The optimal conditions based on both individualized and combined responses(at a Fe3+ ion concentration of 0.16 mol/L, a liquid-gas volume ratio of 20.67 L/m3 and a high gravity factor of 87) were found. Under this optimum condition, the desulfurization efficiency could reach 98.81% when the H2 S concentration was 7 g/m3 in APG. In this work, the sulfur product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX). The results of analysis show that the sulfur is made of the high-purity orthorhombic crystals, which are advantageous to environmental conservation.展开更多
Photocatalytic splitting of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) for hydrogen evolution is a promising method to solve the energy and environmental issues.In this work,S,N-codoped carbon dots(S,N-CDs)/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4...Photocatalytic splitting of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) for hydrogen evolution is a promising method to solve the energy and environmental issues.In this work,S,N-codoped carbon dots(S,N-CDs)/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) nanosheet is synthesized by hydrothermal method as an efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of H2S.In addition to the characterization of the morphology and structure,chemical state,optical and electrochemical performances of S,N-CDs/g-C3N4,hydrogen evolution tests show that the activity of g-C3N4 is improved by introducing S,N-CDs,and the enhancement depends strongly on the wavelength of incident light.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of S,N-CDs/g-C3N4 composite reaches 832 μmol g-1h-1, which is 38 times to that of g-C3N4 under irradiation at 460 nm.Density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance as well as photoluminescence technologies have altogether authenticated that the unique wavelength-dependent photosensitization of S,N-CDs on g-C3N4;meanwhile,a good match between the energy level of S,N-CDs and g-C3N4 is pivotal for the effective photocatalytic activity.Our work has unveiled the detailed mechanism of the photocatalytic activity enhancement in S,N-CDs/g-C3N4 composite and showed its potential in photocatalytic splitting of H2S for hydrogen evolution.展开更多
An approach to the simultaneous reclamation of carbon and sulfur resources from CO2 and H2S has been proposed and effectively implemented with the aid of catalysts. A brief thermodynamic study reveals the potential of...An approach to the simultaneous reclamation of carbon and sulfur resources from CO2 and H2S has been proposed and effectively implemented with the aid of catalysts. A brief thermodynamic study reveals the potential of direct reduction of CO2 with H2S（15：15 mol% balanced with N2） for selective production of CO and elemental sulfur. The experiments carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor over the temperature range of 400–800 °C give evidence of the importance of the employment of catalysts. Both the conversions of the reactants and the selectivities of the target products can be substantially promoted over most catalysts studied. Nevertheless, little difference appears among their catalytic performance. The results also prove that the presence of CO2 can remarkably enhance H2S conversion and the sulfur yield in comparison with H2S direct decomposition. A longtime reaction test on Mg O catalyst manifests its superior durability at high temperature（700 °C） and huge gas hourly space velocity（100,000 h-1）. Free radicals initiated by catalysts are supposed to dominate the reactions between CO2 and H2S.展开更多
Hydrodesulfurization(HDS)reaction can significantly reduce the viscosity and sulfur content of heavy oil,while the HDS reaction mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene as the main sulfide in heavy oil is still unclear.The HD...Hydrodesulfurization(HDS)reaction can significantly reduce the viscosity and sulfur content of heavy oil,while the HDS reaction mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene as the main sulfide in heavy oil is still unclear.The HDS experiment of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by nickel phosphide(Ni_(2)P)is carried out at 200-300°C.The results indicate that the H_(2)S production under the catalysis of Ni_(2)P increases obviously within 200-250°C.The main gas products of HDS reaction are butane,butene and H_(2)S.Meanwhile,the mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by Ni_(2)P is analyzed based on Density Functional Theory(DFT).It is revealed that the adsorption model is most stable when tetrahydrothiophene is vertically adsorbed on the V-Ni-Hcp1 site of Ni_(2)P(001).The C-S bond is elongated and the C-C bond is shortened after adsorption.Hydrogenation(HYD)is the most possible reaction route of tetrahydrothiophene on Ni_(2)P(001)surface.There are two routes with the lowest activation energy,which are C_(4)H_(8)S→C_(4)H_(8)SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(9)SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(10)+H_(2)S and C_(4)H_(8)S→C_(4)H9S^(*)→C_(4)H_(9)^(*)+SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(10)+H_(2)S.Butane and H_(2)S are produced in the reaction,corresponding to the experimental results.This study provides a basis for understanding of the HDS mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by Ni_(2)P.展开更多
A combined plasma photolysis （CPP） reactor that utilized the dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma together with DBD-driven KrI^＊ excimer ultraviolet emission was applied to the decomposition of H2S gas. The ...A combined plasma photolysis （CPP） reactor that utilized the dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma together with DBD-driven KrI^＊ excimer ultraviolet emission was applied to the decomposition of H2S gas. The effects of applied voltage, input current, gas flow velocity, original concentration as well as the ratio of Kr/I2 mixture on H2S removal efficiency were investigated. Gas streams containing H2S were separately treated with single DBD and CPP reactor under the same conditions. In comparison to DBD, CPP could greatly enhance the H2S removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, inlet gas concentration and gas flow velocity. In addition, the reaction mechanism was also discussed in this paper.展开更多
Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, ma...Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, mainly including limestone, muddy limestone and some bituminous shale. Many microfissures exist in the formation and the equivalent density of formation pore pressure ranged from 1.19g/cm3 to 1.59g/cm3. Asphalt or heavy oil kicks occurred in drilling three wells in one and a half years, which contaminated the drilling fluid and made well killing difficult due to the kicks and lost circulation in open hole. Gas and hydrogen sulfide （the concentration is up to 40000ppm） were present in the wells, and finally two wells were completely abandoned and one partially losL which frustrated the drilling engineering seriously. By analyzing the data of ＆e drilled wells, the paper summarized the causes of the troubles, and put forward suggestions and conclusions that can serve as reference and guideline for drilling well in ＆is area in the future.展开更多
基金the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE)-New Delhi,for financial support(Reference No. 103/117/2008-NT)
文摘The present study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） decomposition into hydrogen and sulfur carded out in a nonthermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge （NTP-DBD） reactor operated at ,-430 K for in situ removal of sulfur condensed inside the reactor walls. The dissociation of H2S was primarily initiated by the excitation of carder gas （At） through electron collisions which appeared to be the rate determining step. The experiments were carded out with initial concentration of H2S varied between 5 and 25 vol% at 150 mL/min （at standard temperature and pressure） flow rate in the input power range of 0.5 to 2 W. The reaction rate model based on continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） model failed to explain the global kinetics of H2S decomposition, probably due to the multiple complex reactions involved in H2S decomposition, whereas Michaelis-Menten model was satisfactory. Typical results indicated that the reaction order approached zero with increasing inlet concentration.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Basic Research on Scientific Instruments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YZ201315)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204320,41405034,and 11204319)
文摘Sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide（H2S） has been performed by means of wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS） near 1.578 μm. With the scan amplitude and the stability of the background baseline taken into account, the response time is 4 s for a 0.8 L multi-pass cell with a 56.7 m effective optical path length. Moreover, the linearity has been tested in the 0–50 ppmv range. The detection limit achievable by the Allan variance is 224 ppb within 24 s under room temperature and ambient pressure conditions. This tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy（TDLAS） system for H2 S detection has the feasibility of real-time online monitoring in many applications.
基金the Shanxi Provin-cial Youth Science and Technology Research Fund (No.2008021009-2) for the financial support to this project
文摘The removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas plays an important role in rational utilization of resources and environ- mental protection. In this paper, the process of hydrogen sulfide removal by wet oxidation method in a rotating packed bed was investigated in a scale for treating 10 000 Nm3/h of gas. On the basis of studying the influence of the species and con- centration of alkali source, the liquid/gas volume ratio, the high gravity factor, and the hydrogen sulfide content in feed gas on the desulfurization effect, the suitable technological conditions were obtained. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency could reach 98.0% under these conditions. The results of continuous operation of process facilities showed that the high gravity method has many merits including higher desulfurization rate, good stability in operation, lower liquid/gas volume ratio, greater operation elasticity, and apparent energy saving effects.
文摘A simple and scalable synthetic approach for one-step synthesis of graphene–Cu O(TRGC) nanocomposite by an in situ thermo-annealing method has been developed.Using graphene oxide(GO) and copper hydroxide as a precursors reagent,the reduction of GO and the uniform deposition of in situ formed Cu O nanoparticles on graphene was simultaneously achieved.The method employed no solvents,toxic-reducing agents,or organic modifiers.The resulting nanostructured hybrid exhibited improved H2 S sorption capacity of 1.5 mmol H2S/g-sorbent(3 g S/100 g-sorbent).Due to its highly dispersed sub-20 nm Cu O nanoparticles and large specific surface area,TRGC nanocomposite exhibits tremendous potential for energy and environment applications.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)synthases/H_(2)S pathway in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.Methods Wistar rats were subdivided into 4 groups:(1)2-kidney,1-clip(2K-1C group,n=7),(2)control(n=7),(3)sham(n=7),and(4)2K-1C plus sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS)(NaHS-treated group,n=7).The systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured by a tail-cuff method using a pulse transducer once a week.Four weeks later,all rats were killed and the concentration of plasma hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),the activity of the H_(2)S synthases in the kidneys on both sides,the plasma angiotensinⅡconcentration,and the left-to-whole heart weight ratio were measured.Results The SBP was significantly increased in the 2K-1C group(185.4±14.0mmHg)comparing with those in the sham group(112.9±6.5mmHg,,or the NaHS-treated group(134.8±9.5mmHg))(both P<0.01).At 4 weeks,the angiotensinⅡconcentration in the plasma was increased in the 2K-1C and NaHS-treated group,comparing with the control and the sham group(306.92±7.03 pg/ml and 240.73±13.22 pg/ml vs 122.6±25.49 pg/ml and 125.95±10.55 pg/ml,respectively,both P<0.05).The plasma H_(2)S concentration and the activity of H_(2)S synthases in the left kidney were decreased in the 2K-1C group comparing with those in the sham and the control groups.There was no difference of the activity of the H_(2)S synthases in the right kidneys among the 4 groups.The left-to-whole heart weight ratio was increased in the 2K-1C and the NaHS-treated group camparing with that in the sham and natural control groups.Conclusions Dysfunction of the H_(2)S synthases/H_(2)S pathway was involved in the 2K-1C-induced renovascular hypertension in rat.Exogenous administration of H_(2)S donor can attenuate the development of hypertension.These findings suggest that the H_(2)S synthases/H_(2)S pathway participates in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.
文摘BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to examine the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells of rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid(OA).METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were divided into control group, oleic acid-induced ALI group(OA group), oleic acid-induced ALI with sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS) pretreatment group(OA+Na HS group), and sodium hydrosulfide treatment group(Na HS group). Rats of each group were further subdivided into 3 subgroups. Index of quantitative assessment of histological lung injury(IQA), wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) and H2 S level of lung tissues were measured. The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers including glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) and α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2(el F2α) in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.RESULTS: The IQA score and W/D ratio of lung tissues at the three time points significantly increased in rats injected with OA, but significantly decreased in other rats injected with OA and Na HS. The level of H2 S in lung tissue at the three time points significantly decreased in rats injected with OA, but significantly increased in other rats injected with both OA and Na HS. GRP78 and el F2α decreased in rats injected with OA, but increased in other rats injected with both OA and Na HS, especially at 4-hour and 6-hour time points.CONCLUSION: The results suggested that H2 S could promote alveolar epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with ALI.
基金the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05017)the Sinopec Group Corporation 2020 Science and Technology Project“Organic Sulfur Catalytic Hydrolysis Technology Improves Quality Research”(No.120049-1).
文摘A copper-based non-aqueous-phase desulfurization agent is prepared by adding CuCl_(2) to the solvent N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF).Static desulfurization experiments show that the agent has high efficiency.However,the desulfurization reaction leads to the formation of a copper sulfide precipitate.It is found that the addition of chloride ions in the form of hydrochloric acid or potassium chloride prevents the formation of copper sulfide,and elemental sulfur is precipitated instead.The efficient absorption of H2S by the Cu/HCl–DMF agent relies on the rapid coordination of Cu^(2+)with DMF,Cl^(−),and H2S molecules to form a[Cu(DMF)_(n−p)(HS−)_(p)(Cl−)_(m)]_((2−p−m))+complex.The desulfurization agent has a sulfur capacity of up to 9.81 g/L when used in static bubble desulfurization at atmospheric pressure.The system has low viscosity and good chemical and thermal stability.It can be rapidly regenerated through continuous oxidation.After five repetitions of the regeneration procedure,the sulfur capacity reaches more than 91%of the initial capacity,indicating the potential of the system for commercial applications.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Fundation of China (No.21376229) the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shanxi Province,China (No.20130321035-02)
文摘Optimization of factors influencing the experiments on reactions involving 8 different chelating agents and soluble Fe(III)/Fe(II) salts was carried out to yield chelated iron complexes. A combination of optimized influencing factors has resulted in a Fe chelating capacity of the iron-based desulfurization solution to be equal to 6.83—13.56 g/L at a redox potential of 0.185—0.3. The desulfurization performance of Fe(III)/Fe(II) chelating agents was investigated on a simulated sulfur-containing industrial gas composed of H2 S and N2 in a cross-flow rotating packed bed. Test results have revealed that the proposed iron-based desulfurization solution showed a sulfur removal efficiency of over 99% along with a Fe chelating capacity exceeding 1.35 g/L. This desulfurization technology which has practical application prospect is currently in the phase of commercial scale-up study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51876194,U1909216,and 52176048)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Grant No.2021Q020).
文摘Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical methods.Visual inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion corrosion.The shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium models.The numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.The mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion corrosion.Moreover,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion corrosion.The predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.
文摘Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in geological deposits can account for the accumulation of H2S in deep sour gas reservoirs. In this paper, thermal simulation experiments on the reaction of CH4-CaSO4 were carried out using an autoclave at high temperatures and high pressures. The products were characterized with analytical methods including carbon isotope analysis. It is found that the reaction can proceed to produce H2S, H2O and CaCO3 as the main products. Based on the experimental results, the carbon kinetic isotope fractionation was investigated, and the value of Ki (kinetic isotope effect) was calculated. The results obtained in this paper can provide useful information to explain the occurrence of H2S in deep carbonate gas reservoirs.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 21376229)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Shanxi Province (No. 20130321035-02)
文摘By using a mixture of N2 and H2S as the simulated APG(associated petroleum gas), the desulfurization experiment was performed in a cross-flow rotating packed bed(RPB) based on the chelated iron oxidation-reduction method. In order to determine the operating conditions of the system, the effects of the concentration of Fe3+ ions(ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L), the liquid-gas volume ratio(ranging from 15 to 25 L/m3) and the high gravity factor(ranging from 36 to 126) on the removal of H2 S were studied by means of the Box-Behnken design(BBD) under response surface methodology(RSM). The overall results have demonstrated that the BBD with an experimental design can be used effectively in the optimization of the desulfurization process. The optimal conditions based on both individualized and combined responses(at a Fe3+ ion concentration of 0.16 mol/L, a liquid-gas volume ratio of 20.67 L/m3 and a high gravity factor of 87) were found. Under this optimum condition, the desulfurization efficiency could reach 98.81% when the H2 S concentration was 7 g/m3 in APG. In this work, the sulfur product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX). The results of analysis show that the sulfur is made of the high-purity orthorhombic crystals, which are advantageous to environmental conservation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1862111 and 21702213)Cheung Kong Scholars Programme of China+3 种基金Chinese Academic of Science “light of west China” ProgramProvincial International Cooperation Project 2020YFH0118, Sichuan, ChinaOpen Fund (PLN201802 and 201928) of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Industrial Vent Gas Reuse (SKLIVGR-SWPU-2020-05)。
文摘Photocatalytic splitting of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) for hydrogen evolution is a promising method to solve the energy and environmental issues.In this work,S,N-codoped carbon dots(S,N-CDs)/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) nanosheet is synthesized by hydrothermal method as an efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of H2S.In addition to the characterization of the morphology and structure,chemical state,optical and electrochemical performances of S,N-CDs/g-C3N4,hydrogen evolution tests show that the activity of g-C3N4 is improved by introducing S,N-CDs,and the enhancement depends strongly on the wavelength of incident light.The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of S,N-CDs/g-C3N4 composite reaches 832 μmol g-1h-1, which is 38 times to that of g-C3N4 under irradiation at 460 nm.Density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance as well as photoluminescence technologies have altogether authenticated that the unique wavelength-dependent photosensitization of S,N-CDs on g-C3N4;meanwhile,a good match between the energy level of S,N-CDs and g-C3N4 is pivotal for the effective photocatalytic activity.Our work has unveiled the detailed mechanism of the photocatalytic activity enhancement in S,N-CDs/g-C3N4 composite and showed its potential in photocatalytic splitting of H2S for hydrogen evolution.
基金financial supports from the Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum&Petrochemicals(no.KG12009)the Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21276077)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(no.WG1213011)
文摘An approach to the simultaneous reclamation of carbon and sulfur resources from CO2 and H2S has been proposed and effectively implemented with the aid of catalysts. A brief thermodynamic study reveals the potential of direct reduction of CO2 with H2S（15：15 mol% balanced with N2） for selective production of CO and elemental sulfur. The experiments carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor over the temperature range of 400–800 °C give evidence of the importance of the employment of catalysts. Both the conversions of the reactants and the selectivities of the target products can be substantially promoted over most catalysts studied. Nevertheless, little difference appears among their catalytic performance. The results also prove that the presence of CO2 can remarkably enhance H2S conversion and the sulfur yield in comparison with H2S direct decomposition. A longtime reaction test on Mg O catalyst manifests its superior durability at high temperature（700 °C） and huge gas hourly space velocity（100,000 h-1）. Free radicals initiated by catalysts are supposed to dominate the reactions between CO2 and H2S.
基金the financial support provided by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016ZX05012002-005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874333)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2017MEE030)
文摘Hydrodesulfurization(HDS)reaction can significantly reduce the viscosity and sulfur content of heavy oil,while the HDS reaction mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene as the main sulfide in heavy oil is still unclear.The HDS experiment of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by nickel phosphide(Ni_(2)P)is carried out at 200-300°C.The results indicate that the H_(2)S production under the catalysis of Ni_(2)P increases obviously within 200-250°C.The main gas products of HDS reaction are butane,butene and H_(2)S.Meanwhile,the mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by Ni_(2)P is analyzed based on Density Functional Theory(DFT).It is revealed that the adsorption model is most stable when tetrahydrothiophene is vertically adsorbed on the V-Ni-Hcp1 site of Ni_(2)P(001).The C-S bond is elongated and the C-C bond is shortened after adsorption.Hydrogenation(HYD)is the most possible reaction route of tetrahydrothiophene on Ni_(2)P(001)surface.There are two routes with the lowest activation energy,which are C_(4)H_(8)S→C_(4)H_(8)SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(9)SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(10)+H_(2)S and C_(4)H_(8)S→C_(4)H9S^(*)→C_(4)H_(9)^(*)+SH^(*)→C_(4)H_(10)+H_(2)S.Butane and H_(2)S are produced in the reaction,corresponding to the experimental results.This study provides a basis for understanding of the HDS mechanism of tetrahydrothiophene catalyzed by Ni_(2)P.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.07ZR14004)
文摘A combined plasma photolysis （CPP） reactor that utilized the dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma together with DBD-driven KrI^＊ excimer ultraviolet emission was applied to the decomposition of H2S gas. The effects of applied voltage, input current, gas flow velocity, original concentration as well as the ratio of Kr/I2 mixture on H2S removal efficiency were investigated. Gas streams containing H2S were separately treated with single DBD and CPP reactor under the same conditions. In comparison to DBD, CPP could greatly enhance the H2S removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, inlet gas concentration and gas flow velocity. In addition, the reaction mechanism was also discussed in this paper.
文摘Drilling crews of Sinopec have encountered a series of troubles when drilling a formation called kazhdumi of Yadavaran oilfield, Iran in the last few years. The formation is buried in the depth from 3300m to 3500m, mainly including limestone, muddy limestone and some bituminous shale. Many microfissures exist in the formation and the equivalent density of formation pore pressure ranged from 1.19g/cm3 to 1.59g/cm3. Asphalt or heavy oil kicks occurred in drilling three wells in one and a half years, which contaminated the drilling fluid and made well killing difficult due to the kicks and lost circulation in open hole. Gas and hydrogen sulfide （the concentration is up to 40000ppm） were present in the wells, and finally two wells were completely abandoned and one partially losL which frustrated the drilling engineering seriously. By analyzing the data of ＆e drilled wells, the paper summarized the causes of the troubles, and put forward suggestions and conclusions that can serve as reference and guideline for drilling well in ＆is area in the future.
