Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a gene...Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a genetic population,cotton geneticists often use micronaire(MIC) and/or lint percentage for classifying immature phenotypes from mature fiber phenotyp es although they are complex fiber traits.The recent development of an algorithm for determining cotton fiber maturity(MIR)from Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra explores a novel way to measure fiber maturity efficiently and accurately.However,the algorithm has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of progeny pla,nts.Results:The merits and limits of the MIC-or lint percentage-bas ed phenotyping method were demonstrated by comparing the observed phenotypes with the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes in a genetic population consisting of 708 F2 plants with various fiber maturity.The observed MIC-based fiber phenotypes matched to the predicted phenotypes better than the observed lint percenta ge-based fiber phenotypes.The lint percentage was obtained from each of F2 plants,whereas the MIC values were unable to be obtained from the entire population since certain F2 plants produced insufficient fiber mass for their measurements.To test the feasibiility of cotton fiber infrared maturity(MIR)as a viable phenotyping tool for genetic analyses,we me asured FT-IR spectra from the second population composed of 80 F2 plants with various fiber maturities,determined MIR values using the algorithms,and compared them with their genotypes in addition to other fiber phenotypes.The results showed that MIR values were successfully obtained from each of the F2 plants,and the observed MIR-based phenotypes fit well to the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes as well as the observed phenotypes based on a combination of MIC and lint percentage.Conclusions:The M,R value obtained from FT-IR spectra of cotton fibers is able to accurately assess fiber maturity of all plants of a population in a quantitative way.The technique provides an option for cotton geneticists to determine fiber maturity rapidly and efficiently.展开更多
研究了牛肉蛋白质二级结构稳定性在-18,-23及-38℃不同温度下的变化情况,明确了肉品工业中不同冷冻温度对肉品品质的作用机制。利用了傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱（attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared spectrosc...研究了牛肉蛋白质二级结构稳定性在-18,-23及-38℃不同温度下的变化情况,明确了肉品工业中不同冷冻温度对肉品品质的作用机制。利用了傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱（attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy,ATR-FTIR）技术、自动去卷积以及曲线拟合等计算方法,分析了-18,-23及-38℃三个温度下,牛肉肌原纤维蛋白（myofibrillar protein,MP）在冻结—解冻过程中的红外光谱图变化及蛋白质二级结构变性程度。ATR-FTIR结果显示,冻结—解冻过程中牛肉MP红外光谱图峰高、峰面积发生变化,且峰波数发生红移或者蓝移;冻结—解冻后牛肉MP红外光谱图中3 500~3 300cm-1波段的吸收峰强度减弱甚至消失,说明解冻后牛肉MP中的结合水中O—H基团与氨基酸CO基团形成的分子内和分子间氢键断裂;冻结会影响牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性,导致牛肉蛋白质二级结构发生变化,其中除了无规则卷曲比例上升以外,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角含量均下降,造成有序结构向无序结构转变;解冻后,冻结温度为-38℃的处理组牛肉β-折叠增加量大于-23和-18℃处理组,-38℃冻结牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性最好,解冻后蛋白质复性也最好。即蛋白质冷冻变性程度随着冻结温度的降低而减轻,蛋白质二级结构特征保持也越好。该试验研究基于肉品工业生产实际,研究结果从微观层面揭示了冻结温度对牛肉蛋白质变性的影响规律及可能的机制,为冷冻肉冻藏保鲜工艺制定提供了参考。展开更多
为了对市售小麦粉中的石灰类添加物进行现场快速检测,该文采用衰减全反射-中红外光谱(mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with attenuated total reflection,ATR-MIR)结合偏最小二乘算法建立了小麦粉中掺入氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙...为了对市售小麦粉中的石灰类添加物进行现场快速检测,该文采用衰减全反射-中红外光谱(mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with attenuated total reflection,ATR-MIR)结合偏最小二乘算法建立了小麦粉中掺入氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙+氢氧化钙以及石灰总量的定量校正模型,并采用外部验证集对各模型进行验证。结果表明,氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙+氢氧化钙和石灰总量模型的决定系数均大于0.98;校正均方根误差(root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC)均小于0.3;交互验证均方根误差(root mean square error of cross validation,RMSECV)均小于0.5;外部验证的预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)均小于0.95;各模型的相对预测性能(ratio performance deviation,RPD)均大于4.5,该模型具有较高的精度,可以满足小麦粉中石灰含量的现场快速检测要求。该研究可为市售小麦粉的快速质量安全筛查提供新的方法,对小麦粉市场质量监控具有重要意义,并且对小麦粉中其他违禁添加物的检测亦有参考价值。展开更多
基金supported by the USDA-ARS Research Project#6054-21000-017-0ODCotton Incorporated-sponsored project#19-858
文摘Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a genetic population,cotton geneticists often use micronaire(MIC) and/or lint percentage for classifying immature phenotypes from mature fiber phenotyp es although they are complex fiber traits.The recent development of an algorithm for determining cotton fiber maturity(MIR)from Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra explores a novel way to measure fiber maturity efficiently and accurately.However,the algorithm has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of progeny pla,nts.Results:The merits and limits of the MIC-or lint percentage-bas ed phenotyping method were demonstrated by comparing the observed phenotypes with the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes in a genetic population consisting of 708 F2 plants with various fiber maturity.The observed MIC-based fiber phenotypes matched to the predicted phenotypes better than the observed lint percenta ge-based fiber phenotypes.The lint percentage was obtained from each of F2 plants,whereas the MIC values were unable to be obtained from the entire population since certain F2 plants produced insufficient fiber mass for their measurements.To test the feasibiility of cotton fiber infrared maturity(MIR)as a viable phenotyping tool for genetic analyses,we me asured FT-IR spectra from the second population composed of 80 F2 plants with various fiber maturities,determined MIR values using the algorithms,and compared them with their genotypes in addition to other fiber phenotypes.The results showed that MIR values were successfully obtained from each of the F2 plants,and the observed MIR-based phenotypes fit well to the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes as well as the observed phenotypes based on a combination of MIC and lint percentage.Conclusions:The M,R value obtained from FT-IR spectra of cotton fibers is able to accurately assess fiber maturity of all plants of a population in a quantitative way.The technique provides an option for cotton geneticists to determine fiber maturity rapidly and efficiently.
文摘研究了牛肉蛋白质二级结构稳定性在-18,-23及-38℃不同温度下的变化情况,明确了肉品工业中不同冷冻温度对肉品品质的作用机制。利用了傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱（attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy,ATR-FTIR）技术、自动去卷积以及曲线拟合等计算方法,分析了-18,-23及-38℃三个温度下,牛肉肌原纤维蛋白（myofibrillar protein,MP）在冻结—解冻过程中的红外光谱图变化及蛋白质二级结构变性程度。ATR-FTIR结果显示,冻结—解冻过程中牛肉MP红外光谱图峰高、峰面积发生变化,且峰波数发生红移或者蓝移;冻结—解冻后牛肉MP红外光谱图中3 500~3 300cm-1波段的吸收峰强度减弱甚至消失,说明解冻后牛肉MP中的结合水中O—H基团与氨基酸CO基团形成的分子内和分子间氢键断裂;冻结会影响牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性,导致牛肉蛋白质二级结构发生变化,其中除了无规则卷曲比例上升以外,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角含量均下降,造成有序结构向无序结构转变;解冻后,冻结温度为-38℃的处理组牛肉β-折叠增加量大于-23和-18℃处理组,-38℃冻结牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性最好,解冻后蛋白质复性也最好。即蛋白质冷冻变性程度随着冻结温度的降低而减轻,蛋白质二级结构特征保持也越好。该试验研究基于肉品工业生产实际,研究结果从微观层面揭示了冻结温度对牛肉蛋白质变性的影响规律及可能的机制,为冷冻肉冻藏保鲜工艺制定提供了参考。
文摘为了对市售小麦粉中的石灰类添加物进行现场快速检测,该文采用衰减全反射-中红外光谱(mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with attenuated total reflection,ATR-MIR)结合偏最小二乘算法建立了小麦粉中掺入氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙+氢氧化钙以及石灰总量的定量校正模型,并采用外部验证集对各模型进行验证。结果表明,氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙+氢氧化钙和石灰总量模型的决定系数均大于0.98;校正均方根误差(root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC)均小于0.3;交互验证均方根误差(root mean square error of cross validation,RMSECV)均小于0.5;外部验证的预测均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)均小于0.95;各模型的相对预测性能(ratio performance deviation,RPD)均大于4.5,该模型具有较高的精度,可以满足小麦粉中石灰含量的现场快速检测要求。该研究可为市售小麦粉的快速质量安全筛查提供新的方法,对小麦粉市场质量监控具有重要意义,并且对小麦粉中其他违禁添加物的检测亦有参考价值。
