For the rural housing in Yanbian region in winter,the indoor thermal environment is bad but the energy consumption is high.And in order to solve the problem,the life particularities of the local residents,such as the ...For the rural housing in Yanbian region in winter,the indoor thermal environment is bad but the energy consumption is high.And in order to solve the problem,the life particularities of the local residents,such as the inhabitation custom and the different living ways,were analyzed.The comfortable temperature felt by the local residents was surveyed and summarized according to different age's stage.The subjective comfortable temperature was calculated by using the thermal comfort formula set up by D.A.Mcintyre.The result shows that the comfortable temperature between the survey and the calculation is different.After analyzing the survey and the result calculations,the range of local indoor comfortable temperature was given,which provides a reference basis for calculating the thermal comfort and energy efficiency as well as designing green rural houses.展开更多
言语错误指说话人在语音、语义和句法方面所犯的错误（Richards等，2002）。在小学英语课堂中．学生经常犯类似“Iis Mark．”、“Hecoming from Leshan．”、“It is green cat．”、“Weare live in the house．”的句子错误。对这些...言语错误指说话人在语音、语义和句法方面所犯的错误（Richards等，2002）。在小学英语课堂中．学生经常犯类似“Iis Mark．”、“Hecoming from Leshan．”、“It is green cat．”、“Weare live in the house．”的句子错误。对这些错误传统的分析方法是进行对比分析，预测外语学习中可能出现的错误。展开更多
With the arrival of the ＂housing stock＂ in first - tier cities, the second - handhousing^market will become the dominant property market. This ardcle aim to the first - tiercities of second - hand housing prices and...With the arrival of the ＂housing stock＂ in first - tier cities, the second - handhousing^market will become the dominant property market. This ardcle aim to the first - tiercities of second - hand housing prices and new home price index for the empirical analysis, thedata related to the cointegration analysis found that the result of the first -tier cities real estatemarket in China, the new home price index is the significant factors influencing the second -hand house price indexi For Beijing, Shanghai second - hand housing and new home price in-dex time series johans test, found that there exists cointegration relationship between two varia-bles,the new city real estate market prices out of a line on the secondary market have clearguide. Therefore, the real estate market regulation aiming at the first -tier cities and the＂housing stock＂ should take the second - hand housing market as the main direction, startingwith the sale price and influencing factors of new houses. At the same time, in different cities,we should adhere to the city＇ s policies, reflect the policy differentiation, promote the reformof the real estate supply side, and promote the return of housing properties.展开更多
2015年8月初，为期两天的“境·界”2015 Open House系统工程巡展北京站圆满落幕。本次展会吸引了六百多位客户，集成商和媒体前来观摩助阵，各界精英齐聚一堂，交流经验。松下HD高清通讯系统（HDVC）也参展了本次的Open House巡展...2015年8月初，为期两天的“境·界”2015 Open House系统工程巡展北京站圆满落幕。本次展会吸引了六百多位客户，集成商和媒体前来观摩助阵，各界精英齐聚一堂，交流经验。松下HD高清通讯系统（HDVC）也参展了本次的Open House巡展，以崭新的解决方案形式跟大家见面。展开更多
A Dutcht house是OMA建筑事务所1992—1994年设计建成于荷兰的作品，这是一座私人住宅建筑，所在基地面积5000平方米，高于海平面50米，内有松树林并毗邻一片金色的海滩。设计面临着诸多限制条件，除了场地不稳定的地质状况外，还包括...A Dutcht house是OMA建筑事务所1992—1994年设计建成于荷兰的作品，这是一座私人住宅建筑，所在基地面积5000平方米，高于海平面50米，内有松树林并毗邻一片金色的海滩。设计面临着诸多限制条件，除了场地不稳定的地质状况外，还包括邻近的一条斜坡路上方4米的限高以及基地内过多的限建区，等等，这些条件意味着该住宅只能采用集中式体量，而且只能是不超过4米的矮房子。展开更多
学过英语的人对于O．K．一词并不陌生。O．K．为okay的缩略，也可略写为OK。对于O．K．一词的来源，也是众说纷纭。据说O．K．最早使用于1839年的波士顿，是allcorrect两个词的第一个音的字母写法。也有人认为O．K．始用于1840年，来自...学过英语的人对于O．K．一词并不陌生。O．K．为okay的缩略，也可略写为OK。对于O．K．一词的来源，也是众说纷纭。据说O．K．最早使用于1839年的波士顿，是allcorrect两个词的第一个音的字母写法。也有人认为O．K．始用于1840年，来自美国民主党党员Martin Van Buren。此人外号为Old Kinderhook，因为他出生于纽约一个名为Kinderhook的地方。他于1940年将民主党党员的组织称为the O．K．Club（O．K．俱乐部）。以上说法可参见Random House Web—ster’s College Dictionary第941页OK一词的语源一项。两种说法各有千秋，但从O．K．今天的用法来看，当是第一种猜测更有可能。展开更多
In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that sh...In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that should trade off, and optimize all kinds of conflicts and constraints. A fuzzy linear programming model （FLP） is proposed. On the basis of the inherent fuzziness of QFD system, triangular fuzzy numbers are used to represent all the relationships and correlations, and then, the functional relationships between the customer needs and engineering characteristics and the functional correlations among the engineering characteristics are determined with the information in the house of quality （HoQ） fully used. The fuzzy linear programming （FLP） model aims to find the optimal target values of the engineering characteristics to maximize the customer satisfaction. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.展开更多
In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,...In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,yearly energy requirement for heating must be less than 55 kWh/(m2·a)(regarded as a low-energy house). The new attempt was carried out in the process of architecture design with an evaluation on energy consumption of the building. The design plan was brought forward and compared. PHPP software from German was applied to calculate energy consumption of the passive residential building. The optimum design planning was discussed and model of passive house suited to China's national conditions were attempted. The compactness,solar air collector and the window-wall ratio have essential influence on the energy consumption of buildings. The annual heat demands for the buildings with the window-wall ratio 0.35 and 0.50 are 48 kWh/(m2·a) and 46 kWh/(m2·a),respectively. The yearly auxiliary heat of building with the wall-mounted solar air collectors and the window-wall ratio 0.35 is just 4.8 kWh/(m2·a).展开更多
Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance fo...Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance for heating and cooling between passive houses in different climate zones.Therefore,this research develops a comparative analysis on the energy saving potential of passive houses with the conventional around China.A sensitivity analysis of thermal characteristics of building envelope(insulation of exterior walls and windows,and airtightness)on energy consumption is further carried out to improve the climate adaptability of passive house.Moreover,the variation of energy consumption under different heat gain intensity is also compared,to evaluate the effects of envelope thermal characteristics comprehensively.Results suggest that the decrease of exterior wall insulation leads to the greatest increase in energy consumption,especially in severe cold zone in China.However,the optimal insulation may change with the internal heat gain intensity,for instance,the decrease of insulation(from 0.4 to 1.0 W/(m^(2)·K))could reduce the energy consumption by 4.65 kW·h/(m^(2)·a)when the heat gain increases to 20 W/m^(2)for buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone in China.展开更多
In winter, the confined pig house of northern China is severe. The environment variables are nonlinear, time-varying and coupled, which seriously affect the health of pigs and the qualities of the meat. In order to so...In winter, the confined pig house of northern China is severe. The environment variables are nonlinear, time-varying and coupled, which seriously affect the health of pigs and the qualities of the meat. In order to solve the problem multi-variables coupling, a multi-variables decoupled fuzzy logic control method was proposed. Two fuzzy logic controllers were designed based on fuzzy logic theory. The fans, heaters and humidifiers were used to control temperature, humidity and ammonia. The reductions of temperature and humidity caused by ventilating were compensated by heaters and humidifiers respectively which realized the multivariables decoupling. The proposed methods were validated through theoretical, experimental and simulation analysis. The results suggested that the methods were able to regulate the confined pig house environment effectively. In addition, comparing to the manual regulation, the proposed methods could reduce 19% power consumption as well.展开更多
Based on the fact that the house dust usually falls on the ground, the floor level slit exhaust ventilation system including inlet located at the ceiling and outlet of slit exhaust installed at comer between wall and ...Based on the fact that the house dust usually falls on the ground, the floor level slit exhaust ventilation system including inlet located at the ceiling and outlet of slit exhaust installed at comer between wall and floor was considered. Experiments and simulations were performed to investigate the flow and diffusion fields that are affected by this floor level slit exhaust ventilation system. The characteristics of airflow with experiments and computation fluid dynamics （CFD） are generally similar except airflow at the location of impinging flow and the location right below the inlet. Riboflavin particles were used as the house dust. For the spatial distribution of riboflavin particles in the ventilation system before operation, due to the influence of gravity, different sizes of particles show smooth decay curve. After floor level slit exhaust ventilation system is operated, the decay rate of the particles becomes faster than that after the ventilation system is powered on, and the particles with diameter of 0.5-3.0 μm in the experimental data and calculated values show good agreement.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50378023)
文摘For the rural housing in Yanbian region in winter,the indoor thermal environment is bad but the energy consumption is high.And in order to solve the problem,the life particularities of the local residents,such as the inhabitation custom and the different living ways,were analyzed.The comfortable temperature felt by the local residents was surveyed and summarized according to different age's stage.The subjective comfortable temperature was calculated by using the thermal comfort formula set up by D.A.Mcintyre.The result shows that the comfortable temperature between the survey and the calculation is different.After analyzing the survey and the result calculations,the range of local indoor comfortable temperature was given,which provides a reference basis for calculating the thermal comfort and energy efficiency as well as designing green rural houses.
文摘言语错误指说话人在语音、语义和句法方面所犯的错误（Richards等，2002）。在小学英语课堂中．学生经常犯类似“Iis Mark．”、“Hecoming from Leshan．”、“It is green cat．”、“Weare live in the house．”的句子错误。对这些错误传统的分析方法是进行对比分析，预测外语学习中可能出现的错误。
文摘With the arrival of the ＂housing stock＂ in first - tier cities, the second - handhousing^market will become the dominant property market. This ardcle aim to the first - tiercities of second - hand housing prices and new home price index for the empirical analysis, thedata related to the cointegration analysis found that the result of the first -tier cities real estatemarket in China, the new home price index is the significant factors influencing the second -hand house price indexi For Beijing, Shanghai second - hand housing and new home price in-dex time series johans test, found that there exists cointegration relationship between two varia-bles,the new city real estate market prices out of a line on the secondary market have clearguide. Therefore, the real estate market regulation aiming at the first -tier cities and the＂housing stock＂ should take the second - hand housing market as the main direction, startingwith the sale price and influencing factors of new houses. At the same time, in different cities,we should adhere to the city＇ s policies, reflect the policy differentiation, promote the reformof the real estate supply side, and promote the return of housing properties.
文摘学过英语的人对于O．K．一词并不陌生。O．K．为okay的缩略，也可略写为OK。对于O．K．一词的来源，也是众说纷纭。据说O．K．最早使用于1839年的波士顿，是allcorrect两个词的第一个音的字母写法。也有人认为O．K．始用于1840年，来自美国民主党党员Martin Van Buren。此人外号为Old Kinderhook，因为他出生于纽约一个名为Kinderhook的地方。他于1940年将民主党党员的组织称为the O．K．Club（O．K．俱乐部）。以上说法可参见Random House Web—ster’s College Dictionary第941页OK一词的语源一项。两种说法各有千秋，但从O．K．今天的用法来看，当是第一种猜测更有可能。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70571041).
文摘In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that should trade off, and optimize all kinds of conflicts and constraints. A fuzzy linear programming model （FLP） is proposed. On the basis of the inherent fuzziness of QFD system, triangular fuzzy numbers are used to represent all the relationships and correlations, and then, the functional relationships between the customer needs and engineering characteristics and the functional correlations among the engineering characteristics are determined with the information in the house of quality （HoQ） fully used. The fuzzy linear programming （FLP） model aims to find the optimal target values of the engineering characteristics to maximize the customer satisfaction. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.
基金Project(50778032) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006BAA04B04) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program During 11th-Five-year Plan of ChinaProject(JN-200912) supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory in Liaoning Province’s Universities,China
文摘In China,a new "Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings (for cold region)" was introduced in 2006. In this new standard,more high level insulation of the building envelope is required,yearly energy requirement for heating must be less than 55 kWh/(m2·a)(regarded as a low-energy house). The new attempt was carried out in the process of architecture design with an evaluation on energy consumption of the building. The design plan was brought forward and compared. PHPP software from German was applied to calculate energy consumption of the passive residential building. The optimum design planning was discussed and model of passive house suited to China's national conditions were attempted. The compactness,solar air collector and the window-wall ratio have essential influence on the energy consumption of buildings. The annual heat demands for the buildings with the window-wall ratio 0.35 and 0.50 are 48 kWh/(m2·a) and 46 kWh/(m2·a),respectively. The yearly auxiliary heat of building with the wall-mounted solar air collectors and the window-wall ratio 0.35 is just 4.8 kWh/(m2·a).
基金Project(51825802)supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProject(2018YFE0106100)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China。
文摘Passive house has been constructed in China on a large-scale over the past couple years for its great energy saving potential.However,research indicates that there is a significant discrepancy in energy performance for heating and cooling between passive houses in different climate zones.Therefore,this research develops a comparative analysis on the energy saving potential of passive houses with the conventional around China.A sensitivity analysis of thermal characteristics of building envelope(insulation of exterior walls and windows,and airtightness)on energy consumption is further carried out to improve the climate adaptability of passive house.Moreover,the variation of energy consumption under different heat gain intensity is also compared,to evaluate the effects of envelope thermal characteristics comprehensively.Results suggest that the decrease of exterior wall insulation leads to the greatest increase in energy consumption,especially in severe cold zone in China.However,the optimal insulation may change with the internal heat gain intensity,for instance,the decrease of insulation(from 0.4 to 1.0 W/(m^(2)·K))could reduce the energy consumption by 4.65 kW·h/(m^(2)·a)when the heat gain increases to 20 W/m^(2)for buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone in China.
基金Supported by the 13th Five-year National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0700204-02)the"Young Talents"Project of Northeast Agricultural University(17QC20,17QC19)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)
文摘In winter, the confined pig house of northern China is severe. The environment variables are nonlinear, time-varying and coupled, which seriously affect the health of pigs and the qualities of the meat. In order to solve the problem multi-variables coupling, a multi-variables decoupled fuzzy logic control method was proposed. Two fuzzy logic controllers were designed based on fuzzy logic theory. The fans, heaters and humidifiers were used to control temperature, humidity and ammonia. The reductions of temperature and humidity caused by ventilating were compensated by heaters and humidifiers respectively which realized the multivariables decoupling. The proposed methods were validated through theoretical, experimental and simulation analysis. The results suggested that the methods were able to regulate the confined pig house environment effectively. In addition, comparing to the manual regulation, the proposed methods could reduce 19% power consumption as well.
基金Project supported by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan Project(DUT10RC(3)103) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China+2 种基金 Project(20111027) supported by the Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Foundation, China Key Project (2012BAJ02B05) supported by the Twelfth Five-Year National Technology Program of China Project supported by Dalian Municipal Construction Technology Program, China
文摘Based on the fact that the house dust usually falls on the ground, the floor level slit exhaust ventilation system including inlet located at the ceiling and outlet of slit exhaust installed at comer between wall and floor was considered. Experiments and simulations were performed to investigate the flow and diffusion fields that are affected by this floor level slit exhaust ventilation system. The characteristics of airflow with experiments and computation fluid dynamics （CFD） are generally similar except airflow at the location of impinging flow and the location right below the inlet. Riboflavin particles were used as the house dust. For the spatial distribution of riboflavin particles in the ventilation system before operation, due to the influence of gravity, different sizes of particles show smooth decay curve. After floor level slit exhaust ventilation system is operated, the decay rate of the particles becomes faster than that after the ventilation system is powered on, and the particles with diameter of 0.5-3.0 μm in the experimental data and calculated values show good agreement.
