Redundant technology plays an important role in improving the reliability and fault-tolerance of the airborne avionics systems. A Markov state transition model is introduced to the reliability analysis of the redundan...Redundant technology plays an important role in improving the reliability and fault-tolerance of the airborne avionics systems. A Markov state transition model is introduced to the reliability analysis of the redundant inertial navigation system （RINS） in airborne navigation systems. An information processing mechanism based on difference filtering is put forward to strengthen the consistency between the outputs of the equal-precision inertial navigation system （INS）. On this basis, the homologous fault monitoring algorithm is designed to realize the homologous fault monitoring of RINS. The simulation is carried out based on the above algorithms, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault monitoring algorithm based on difference filtering. Research results have good reference value for the configuration and design of RINS in airborne integrated avionics systems.展开更多
Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, ...Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, a phylogenetic analysis of 62 fulllength genome CSFV strains, isolated from all over the world, was performed to detect potential recombination events, with the recombinant sequences being analyzed with the SimPlot and RDP programs. The results identified a mosaic virus, Chinese CSFV HCLV(2)(AF091507.1), which is the one naturally emerged recombinant CSFV with two recombination breakpoints at 2 484 and 2 900 bp of the genome alignment. Its two putative parental-like strains were CSFV Shimen(AF092448.2) and CSFV strain C/HVRI(AY805221.1). This work demonstrated that homologous recombination did occur in natural CSFV populations. It had significant implications for understanding the molecular epidemiology of CSFV, and revealed that recombination was an important factor for high genetic diversities of CSFV.展开更多
Japanese encephalitis virus（JEV） is a significant causative agent of arthropod-borne encephalitis and what is less clear that the factors cause the virus wide spread. The objective was to confirm whether the homolog...Japanese encephalitis virus（JEV） is a significant causative agent of arthropod-borne encephalitis and what is less clear that the factors cause the virus wide spread. The objective was to confirm whether the homologous recombination imposed on JEV. The phylogenetic and homologous recombination analyses were performed based on 163 complete JEV genomes which were recently isolated. They were still separated into five genotypes（GI-GV） and the most of recently isolated JEVs were GI rather than GIII in Asian areas including China's Mainland. Two recombinant events were identified in JEV and the evidence of the recombination was observed between China and Japan isolates that partitioned into two distinct subclades, but still the same genotype（GIII）. Our data further suggested that most of the nucleotides in JEV genome were under negative selection; however, changes within codon 2 316（amino acid NS4b-44） showed an evidence of the positive selection.展开更多
Several tritylodontid taxa have been reported from the Upper Jurassic of the Wucaiwan area in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,northwestern China,including Yuanotherium minor.The original study described the partially pr...Several tritylodontid taxa have been reported from the Upper Jurassic of the Wucaiwan area in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,northwestern China,including Yuanotherium minor.The original study described the partially preserved postcanine teeth in the middle of the left upper maxilla.After detailed re-examination of the specimen and by CT scanning,3D reconstruction,and scanning electron microscopy observations,we provided a more detailed description of the osteology,neurosensory,and tooth wear pattern for all the bones preserved in this specimen and clarified some characters.Based on new information about the cusp wear pattern,the chewing movement pattern of the dentition and detailed cusp morphology,we discussed the cuspal homology of upper cheek teeth of tritylodontids and postulate a standardized method for cusp identification.We hypothesize that the unique maxilla characteristics furnish the evidence for transitional stages about the evolution of the upper jaw-palate structure in tritylodontids.展开更多
The Myb family of proteins is a group offunctionally diverse transcriptional activatorsfound in both plants and animals that ischaracterized by a conserved DNA bindingdomain of approximately 50 amino acids.Inplants,My...The Myb family of proteins is a group offunctionally diverse transcriptional activatorsfound in both plants and animals that ischaracterized by a conserved DNA bindingdomain of approximately 50 amino acids.Inplants,Myb proteins are involved in control展开更多
Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and th...Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and thermal neutronsand γ-irradiation of pollen.Numbers oftranslocations obtained were differed in M1, M2and M3 generation after irradiation and aftertreatment by different doses of irradiation.展开更多
Interleukin-2(IL-2) has been demonstrated to beone of the most effective target genes in cancerimmunogene therapy. There are more than 20 clinicalprotocols of cancer gene therapy introducing IL-2 intotumor patients to...Interleukin-2(IL-2) has been demonstrated to beone of the most effective target genes in cancerimmunogene therapy. There are more than 20 clinicalprotocols of cancer gene therapy introducing IL-2 intotumor patients to treat melanoma, renal carcinoma,prostate carcinoma, colon carcinoma,展开更多
Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating...Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating high titer recombinant vectors andmanipulating to mediate in viro gene transfer. In thispaper, recombinant vaccinia virus vector encoding展开更多
To define the function of Zbtb20 in vivo,we generated knockout mice by homologous recombination.Zbtb20 null mice displayed a stark phenotype characterized by postnatal growth retardation,
Low temperature,drought and salinity aremajor adverse environmental factors that limitplant productivity.Understanding themechanisms by which plant perceive andtransduce these stress signals to initiate adaptiverespon...Low temperature,drought and salinity aremajor adverse environmental factors that limitplant productivity.Understanding themechanisms by which plant perceive andtransduce these stress signals to initiate adaptiveresponses is essential for engineering stresstolerant plants. While studying the stressgenes,one of myb related genes,atmyb2。展开更多
Detection of specific nucleic acid sequences suchas RNA or DNA in chromosomes by in situhybridization has important applications in manyareas of biology.The genes encoding 18-26srRNA are located nucleus organizer regi...Detection of specific nucleic acid sequences suchas RNA or DNA in chromosomes by in situhybridization has important applications in manyareas of biology.The genes encoding 18-26srRNA are located nucleus organizer regions(NORs)in plant chromosomes.Fluorescent insitu hybridization(FISH)with 18-26s rDNA展开更多
The demand for high strength fiber in rawcotton has increased because of the widespreaduse of high speed spinning technology in theyarn and textile industry.Improvement ofcotton fiber quality through
Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of gr...Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.Such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.展开更多
1997年,第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物基因（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN）由国外3个独立的研究小组先后克隆命名,这是目前发现的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,其编码的蛋白在细胞内...1997年,第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物基因（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN）由国外3个独立的研究小组先后克隆命名,这是目前发现的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,其编码的蛋白在细胞内具有脂质磷酸酶和蛋白磷酸酶的双重活性。PTEN具有广泛的生物学功能,通过细胞内多个信号通路来调控细胞的生长、分化、迁移、凋亡等过程。展开更多
Bach2（BTB and CNC homolog 2）是一个具有碱性亮氨酸拉链结构（b ZIP domain）的转录因子。它能与小Maf蛋白形成异二聚体并与其DNA上的特异性序列Maf识别元件（Maf recognition elements,MARE）结合,抑制其表达,起到转录抑制作用,参...Bach2（BTB and CNC homolog 2）是一个具有碱性亮氨酸拉链结构（b ZIP domain）的转录因子。它能与小Maf蛋白形成异二聚体并与其DNA上的特异性序列Maf识别元件（Maf recognition elements,MARE）结合,抑制其表达,起到转录抑制作用,参与细胞转录调控过程[1]。Bach1和Bach2共同构成了Bach家族,其中Bach1在全身各处广泛存在且在造血细胞中高表达,而Bach2主要在T细胞、B细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞及神经细胞表达。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6117419791016019)+1 种基金the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Foundation (NP2011049NZ2012003)
文摘Redundant technology plays an important role in improving the reliability and fault-tolerance of the airborne avionics systems. A Markov state transition model is introduced to the reliability analysis of the redundant inertial navigation system （RINS） in airborne navigation systems. An information processing mechanism based on difference filtering is put forward to strengthen the consistency between the outputs of the equal-precision inertial navigation system （INS）. On this basis, the homologous fault monitoring algorithm is designed to realize the homologous fault monitoring of RINS. The simulation is carried out based on the above algorithms, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault monitoring algorithm based on difference filtering. Research results have good reference value for the configuration and design of RINS in airborne integrated avionics systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370140 31372438)
文摘Classical swine fever virus(CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a highly contagious disease of pigs. But there is little information on the recombination in natural populations of CSFVs. Therefore, a phylogenetic analysis of 62 fulllength genome CSFV strains, isolated from all over the world, was performed to detect potential recombination events, with the recombinant sequences being analyzed with the SimPlot and RDP programs. The results identified a mosaic virus, Chinese CSFV HCLV(2)(AF091507.1), which is the one naturally emerged recombinant CSFV with two recombination breakpoints at 2 484 and 2 900 bp of the genome alignment. Its two putative parental-like strains were CSFV Shimen(AF092448.2) and CSFV strain C/HVRI(AY805221.1). This work demonstrated that homologous recombination did occur in natural CSFV populations. It had significant implications for understanding the molecular epidemiology of CSFV, and revealed that recombination was an important factor for high genetic diversities of CSFV.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272569,31270187)Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during 12th Five-year Plan Period(2013BAD12B04)Harbin Science and Technology Bureau(RC2012XK002003)
文摘Japanese encephalitis virus（JEV） is a significant causative agent of arthropod-borne encephalitis and what is less clear that the factors cause the virus wide spread. The objective was to confirm whether the homologous recombination imposed on JEV. The phylogenetic and homologous recombination analyses were performed based on 163 complete JEV genomes which were recently isolated. They were still separated into five genotypes（GI-GV） and the most of recently isolated JEVs were GI rather than GIII in Asian areas including China's Mainland. Two recombinant events were identified in JEV and the evidence of the recombination was observed between China and Japan isolates that partitioned into two distinct subclades, but still the same genotype（GIII）. Our data further suggested that most of the nucleotides in JEV genome were under negative selection; however, changes within codon 2 316（amino acid NS4b-44） showed an evidence of the positive selection.
文摘Several tritylodontid taxa have been reported from the Upper Jurassic of the Wucaiwan area in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,northwestern China,including Yuanotherium minor.The original study described the partially preserved postcanine teeth in the middle of the left upper maxilla.After detailed re-examination of the specimen and by CT scanning,3D reconstruction,and scanning electron microscopy observations,we provided a more detailed description of the osteology,neurosensory,and tooth wear pattern for all the bones preserved in this specimen and clarified some characters.Based on new information about the cusp wear pattern,the chewing movement pattern of the dentition and detailed cusp morphology,we discussed the cuspal homology of upper cheek teeth of tritylodontids and postulate a standardized method for cusp identification.We hypothesize that the unique maxilla characteristics furnish the evidence for transitional stages about the evolution of the upper jaw-palate structure in tritylodontids.
文摘The Myb family of proteins is a group offunctionally diverse transcriptional activatorsfound in both plants and animals that ischaracterized by a conserved DNA bindingdomain of approximately 50 amino acids.Inplants,Myb proteins are involved in control
文摘Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and thermal neutronsand γ-irradiation of pollen.Numbers oftranslocations obtained were differed in M1, M2and M3 generation after irradiation and aftertreatment by different doses of irradiation.
文摘Interleukin-2(IL-2) has been demonstrated to beone of the most effective target genes in cancerimmunogene therapy. There are more than 20 clinicalprotocols of cancer gene therapy introducing IL-2 intotumor patients to treat melanoma, renal carcinoma,prostate carcinoma, colon carcinoma,
文摘Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating high titer recombinant vectors andmanipulating to mediate in viro gene transfer. In thispaper, recombinant vaccinia virus vector encoding
文摘To define the function of Zbtb20 in vivo,we generated knockout mice by homologous recombination.Zbtb20 null mice displayed a stark phenotype characterized by postnatal growth retardation,
文摘Low temperature,drought and salinity aremajor adverse environmental factors that limitplant productivity.Understanding themechanisms by which plant perceive andtransduce these stress signals to initiate adaptiveresponses is essential for engineering stresstolerant plants. While studying the stressgenes,one of myb related genes,atmyb2。
文摘Detection of specific nucleic acid sequences suchas RNA or DNA in chromosomes by in situhybridization has important applications in manyareas of biology.The genes encoding 18-26srRNA are located nucleus organizer regions(NORs)in plant chromosomes.Fluorescent insitu hybridization(FISH)with 18-26s rDNA
文摘The demand for high strength fiber in rawcotton has increased because of the widespreaduse of high speed spinning technology in theyarn and textile industry.Improvement ofcotton fiber quality through
基金funding by Bundesministerium der Verteidigung(BMVg),Germany。
文摘Towards higher impact velocities,ballistic events are increasingly determined by the material temperatures.Related effects might range from moderate thermal softening to full phase transition.In particular,it is of great interest to quantify the conditions for incipient or full melting of metals during impact interactions,which result in a transition from still strength-affected to hydrodynamic material behavior.In this work,we investigate to which extent the respective melting thresholds are also dependent on the initial,and generally elevated,temperatures of projectiles and targets before impact.This is studied through the application of a model developed recently by the authors to characterize the transition regime between high-velocity and hypervelocity impact,for which the melting thresholds of materials were used as the defining quantities.The obtained results are expected to be of general interest for ballistic application cases where projectiles or targets are preheated.Such conditions might result,for example,from aerodynamic forces acting onto a projectile during atmospheric flight,explosive shapedcharge-jet formation or armor exposure to environmental conditions.The performed analyses also broaden the scientific understanding of the relevance of temperature in penetration events,generally known since the 1960s,but often not considered thoroughly in impact studies.
文摘1997年,第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶与张力蛋白同源物基因（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN）由国外3个独立的研究小组先后克隆命名,这是目前发现的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,其编码的蛋白在细胞内具有脂质磷酸酶和蛋白磷酸酶的双重活性。PTEN具有广泛的生物学功能,通过细胞内多个信号通路来调控细胞的生长、分化、迁移、凋亡等过程。
文摘Bach2（BTB and CNC homolog 2）是一个具有碱性亮氨酸拉链结构（b ZIP domain）的转录因子。它能与小Maf蛋白形成异二聚体并与其DNA上的特异性序列Maf识别元件（Maf recognition elements,MARE）结合,抑制其表达,起到转录抑制作用,参与细胞转录调控过程[1]。Bach1和Bach2共同构成了Bach家族,其中Bach1在全身各处广泛存在且在造血细胞中高表达,而Bach2主要在T细胞、B细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞及神经细胞表达。
