Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylost...Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.展开更多
采用单因素随机区组试验设计,分析了包衣缓释专用肥(B)、水蒸气造粒专用肥(Z)、硫酸造粒专用肥(S)及有机-无机肥(L)对桉树(Eucalyptus L Herit.)幼苗叶片营养及生长的影响。结果表明,施肥8个月后,不同肥料处理均能有效促进桉树幼苗的生...采用单因素随机区组试验设计,分析了包衣缓释专用肥(B)、水蒸气造粒专用肥(Z)、硫酸造粒专用肥(S)及有机-无机肥(L)对桉树(Eucalyptus L Herit.)幼苗叶片营养及生长的影响。结果表明,施肥8个月后,不同肥料处理均能有效促进桉树幼苗的生长,与对照相比,对地径增加的幅度从大到小的排序为有机-无机肥(27.49%)、包衣缓释专用肥(25.99%)、蒸气造粒肥(24.30%)、硫酸造粒肥(14.59%);对苗高增加的幅度从大到小的排序为包衣缓释专用肥(65.68%)、有机-无机肥(60.36%)、硫酸造粒肥(59.76%)、蒸气造粒肥(58.58%)。有机-无机肥处理的桉树幼苗叶片的全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别比对照提高了15.00%、4.02%、6.57%;包衣缓释专用肥处理的桉树幼苗叶片全氮、全磷含量分别比对照增加4.44%、1.86%,而2种常规无机专用肥处理8个月后已基本失去供肥能力,桉树幼苗叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量均低于对照或与对照持平。展开更多
Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollinat...Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.展开更多
Background:Climate change and particularly global warming has emerged as an alarming threat to the crop productivity of field crops and exerted drastic effects on the cropping patterns.Production of cotton has been dr...Background:Climate change and particularly global warming has emerged as an alarming threat to the crop productivity of field crops and exerted drastic effects on the cropping patterns.Production of cotton has been dropped down to one million bales from 1.4 million bales since 2015 in Pakistan due to the increase in temperature at critical growth stages,i.e.,flowering and boll formation.Keeping in view the importance of cotton in the country,this study was conducted to investigate the genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in six populations(P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1 and BC2)developed from cross-1 and cross-2,i.e.,VH-282×FH-142 and DNH-40×VH-259.Results:The results revealed that cross-1 performed better in heat stress as compared with cross-2 for majority of the traits recorded.Boll weight and ginning outturn(GO-T)were highly effected under heat stress and had negative correlation with Relative cell injury(RCI).Boll weight,fiber length,fiber strength and fiber fineness were under the control of non-additive gene action,whereas RCI was controlled by additive gene effects.Lower values of genetic advance coupled with higher values of broad sense heritability for these traits except RCI confirmed the role of non-additive genetic effects.Duplicate types of epistasis were recorded for fiber strength in cross-1 in normal condition.However,complementary type of non-allelic interaction was recorded for fiber strength under normal condition,fiber fineness and RCI under heat stressed condition in cross-1.Likewise,boll weight,GOT and fiber length in populations derived from cross-2 in normal condition were also under the influence of complementary type of non-allelic interaction.Significant differences among values of mid parent and better parent heterosis for boll weight in both normal and heat stress condition provided the opportunity to cotton breeders for utilization of this germplasm for improvement of this trait through exploitation of heterosis breeding.Conclusion:Cross-1 performed better in heat stress and could be utilized for development of heat tolerant cultivar.RCI was under the influence of additive gene action,so one can rely on this trait for screening of large number of accessions of cotton for heat stress.While other traits were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action and selection based on these should be delayed in later generations.展开更多
Large-scale genetic population used for genetic breeding researches covers a large area in the field experiment,and the effect of local control would be gradually weakened.The block in replication(BIR)design is suitab...Large-scale genetic population used for genetic breeding researches covers a large area in the field experiment,and the effect of local control would be gradually weakened.The block in replication(BIR)design is suitable for large population,which is applied to the field experiment of genetic population.The statistical methods of analysis of variance(ANOVA)and heritability estimation in single and multiple environments were derived and implemented using the statistical analysis system(SAS)program for the analysis of BIR.As a work example,a comparison of statistical analysis between BIR design and the completely random block(CRB)design were conducted for the protein content from a panel containing 455 soybean germplasms.The results indicated the different estimates of average heritability in multiple environments.The research results provided technical support for the application of BIR design in genetics and breeding studies.展开更多
Three 2x clones with 2n pollen production, BPH322,BPH325 and W5295,7, were each mated with three 4x cultivars, Raritan, Superior and Trent, in an incomplete diallel cross design. Estimates of various heritability for ...Three 2x clones with 2n pollen production, BPH322,BPH325 and W5295,7, were each mated with three 4x cultivars, Raritan, Superior and Trent, in an incomplete diallel cross design. Estimates of various heritability for tuber yield per plant are that h2m is 3720%,h2f 1630%,h2mf 2330%,h2B 7670% and h2N 5340%. Estimates of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) are 6960% and 3030%,respectively. The results suggest that additive effect of genes for tuber yield is obvious. The 2n pollen producing diploid hybrids have good breeding values for yield ,earliness and starch content.展开更多
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program(No:LGN21C140001).
文摘Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.
文摘采用单因素随机区组试验设计,分析了包衣缓释专用肥(B)、水蒸气造粒专用肥(Z)、硫酸造粒专用肥(S)及有机-无机肥(L)对桉树(Eucalyptus L Herit.)幼苗叶片营养及生长的影响。结果表明,施肥8个月后,不同肥料处理均能有效促进桉树幼苗的生长,与对照相比,对地径增加的幅度从大到小的排序为有机-无机肥(27.49%)、包衣缓释专用肥(25.99%)、蒸气造粒肥(24.30%)、硫酸造粒肥(14.59%);对苗高增加的幅度从大到小的排序为包衣缓释专用肥(65.68%)、有机-无机肥(60.36%)、硫酸造粒肥(59.76%)、蒸气造粒肥(58.58%)。有机-无机肥处理的桉树幼苗叶片的全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别比对照提高了15.00%、4.02%、6.57%;包衣缓释专用肥处理的桉树幼苗叶片全氮、全磷含量分别比对照增加4.44%、1.86%,而2种常规无机专用肥处理8个月后已基本失去供肥能力,桉树幼苗叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量均低于对照或与对照持平。
基金sponsored by funds from the Zhongyuan Academician Foundation (212101510001)the Fundamental Research Funds for State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (CB2021C08)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871679)
文摘Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.
基金funding for this research was provided by Higher Education Commission,Pakistan
文摘Background:Climate change and particularly global warming has emerged as an alarming threat to the crop productivity of field crops and exerted drastic effects on the cropping patterns.Production of cotton has been dropped down to one million bales from 1.4 million bales since 2015 in Pakistan due to the increase in temperature at critical growth stages,i.e.,flowering and boll formation.Keeping in view the importance of cotton in the country,this study was conducted to investigate the genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in six populations(P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1 and BC2)developed from cross-1 and cross-2,i.e.,VH-282×FH-142 and DNH-40×VH-259.Results:The results revealed that cross-1 performed better in heat stress as compared with cross-2 for majority of the traits recorded.Boll weight and ginning outturn(GO-T)were highly effected under heat stress and had negative correlation with Relative cell injury(RCI).Boll weight,fiber length,fiber strength and fiber fineness were under the control of non-additive gene action,whereas RCI was controlled by additive gene effects.Lower values of genetic advance coupled with higher values of broad sense heritability for these traits except RCI confirmed the role of non-additive genetic effects.Duplicate types of epistasis were recorded for fiber strength in cross-1 in normal condition.However,complementary type of non-allelic interaction was recorded for fiber strength under normal condition,fiber fineness and RCI under heat stressed condition in cross-1.Likewise,boll weight,GOT and fiber length in populations derived from cross-2 in normal condition were also under the influence of complementary type of non-allelic interaction.Significant differences among values of mid parent and better parent heterosis for boll weight in both normal and heat stress condition provided the opportunity to cotton breeders for utilization of this germplasm for improvement of this trait through exploitation of heterosis breeding.Conclusion:Cross-1 performed better in heat stress and could be utilized for development of heat tolerant cultivar.RCI was under the influence of additive gene action,so one can rely on this trait for screening of large number of accessions of cotton for heat stress.While other traits were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action and selection based on these should be delayed in later generations.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21B009-6)Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation(C2015009)。
文摘Large-scale genetic population used for genetic breeding researches covers a large area in the field experiment,and the effect of local control would be gradually weakened.The block in replication(BIR)design is suitable for large population,which is applied to the field experiment of genetic population.The statistical methods of analysis of variance(ANOVA)and heritability estimation in single and multiple environments were derived and implemented using the statistical analysis system(SAS)program for the analysis of BIR.As a work example,a comparison of statistical analysis between BIR design and the completely random block(CRB)design were conducted for the protein content from a panel containing 455 soybean germplasms.The results indicated the different estimates of average heritability in multiple environments.The research results provided technical support for the application of BIR design in genetics and breeding studies.
文摘Three 2x clones with 2n pollen production, BPH322,BPH325 and W5295,7, were each mated with three 4x cultivars, Raritan, Superior and Trent, in an incomplete diallel cross design. Estimates of various heritability for tuber yield per plant are that h2m is 3720%,h2f 1630%,h2mf 2330%,h2B 7670% and h2N 5340%. Estimates of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) are 6960% and 3030%,respectively. The results suggest that additive effect of genes for tuber yield is obvious. The 2n pollen producing diploid hybrids have good breeding values for yield ,earliness and starch content.
