Sea cucumber derived sulfated sterols significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and decreased lipid accumulation compared to plant sterols.Interestingly,our recent study found that intervention with sea cucumber su...Sea cucumber derived sulfated sterols significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and decreased lipid accumulation compared to plant sterols.Interestingly,our recent study found that intervention with sea cucumber sulfated sterols could significantly increase blood glucose levels of healthy mice in the presence of glucose,while cholesterol sulfate,as one of sulfated sterols,did not have the same effect.However,the exact mechanism of sulfated sterols on glucose metabolism is still unknown.In the present study,we investigated the potential mechanism by which sulfated sterols influenced blood glucose homeostasis in healthy mice.Results showed that intervention with sea cucumber sulfated sterols did not affect the levels of hormones related to glucose metabolism,while led to a significant decrease in the synthesis of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen.Besides,the expression of proteins associated with the promotion of gluconeogenesis dramatically increased in the mice intervened with sea cucumber sulfated sterols.These findings suggested that sea cucumber sulfated sterols might change blood glucose metabolism in healthy mice by reducing glycogenesis and promoting gluconeogenesis.展开更多
Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,pa...Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,particularly during the early stages of offspring development,remain poorly understood.In this study,female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout gestation and lactation.Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)coupled with microarray analysis was employed to identify differentially methylated genes in the livers of offspring at weaning age.We found that maternal high-fat diet feeding predisposes offspring to obesity and impaired glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.DNA methylation profile analysis unveiled a significant enrichment of differentially methylated genes within the natural killer(NK)cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway.MeDIP-PCR validated reduced methylation levels of specific genes within this pathway,including tumour necrosis factorα(TNF-α),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),and SHC adaptor protein 1(SHC1).Consistently,the expressions of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 were significantly upregulated,accompanied by elevated serum TNF-αand interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in offspring from dams fed with high-fat diet.Moreover,we assessed the expressions of genes associated with NK cell activities,uncovering a notable rise in hepatic granzyme B levels and a trend towards increased CD107a expression in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet.In addition,methylation levels of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 promoters were inversely correlated with glucose response during glucose tolerance testing.In conclusion,our findings underscore the critical role of the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathway in mediating DNA methylation patterns,thereby contributing to the programming effects of maternal high-fat diet consumption on offspring glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.展开更多
BACKGROUND:We aimed to observe the dynamic changes in glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters and their ability to predict neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in cardiac arrest patients after the ...BACKGROUND:We aimed to observe the dynamic changes in glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters and their ability to predict neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in cardiac arrest patients after the restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC).METHODS:Adult cardiac arrest patients after ROSC who were admitted to the emergency or cardiac intensive care unit of the First Aflliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from August 1,2017,to May 30,2021,were enrolled.According to 28-day survival,the patients were divided into a non-survival group(n=82) and a survival group(n=38).Healthy adult volunteers(n=40) of similar ages and sexes were selected as controls.The serum levels of glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters(lactate dehydrogenase [LDH],lactate and pyruvate),neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and interleukin 6(IL-6) were measured on days 1,3,and 7 after ROSC.The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II) score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA) score were calculated.The Cerebral Performance Category(CPC) score was recorded on day 28 after ROSC.RESULTS:Following ROSC,the serum LDH(607.0 U/L vs.286.5 U/L),lactate(5.0 mmol/L vs.2.0 mmol/L),pyruvate(178.0 μmol/L vs.70.9 μmol/L),and lactate/pyruvate ratio(34.1 vs.22.1) significantly increased and were higher in the non-survivors than in the survivors on admission(all P<0.05).Moreover,the serum LDH,pyruvate,IL-6,APACHE II score,and SOFA score on days 1,3 and 7 after ROSC were significantly associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and 28-day all-cause mortality(all P<0.05).The serum LDH concentration on day 1 after ROSC had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.904 [95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.851–0.957]) with 96.8% specificity for predicting 28-day neurological prognosis and an AUC of 0.950(95% CI:0.911–0.989) with 94.7% specificity for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality,which was the highest among the glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters tested.CONCLUSION:Serum parameters related to glucose metabolic reprogramming were significantly increased after ROSC.Increased serum LDH and pyruvate levels,and lactate/pyruvate ratio may be associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality after ROSC,and the predictive eflcacy of LDH during the first week was superior to others.展开更多
Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal micro...Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.展开更多
Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communicat...Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
Methionine restriction(MR)is an effective dietary strategy to regulate energy metabolism and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the body,especially in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,the hig...Methionine restriction(MR)is an effective dietary strategy to regulate energy metabolism and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the body,especially in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,the high methionine content of meat products makes this dietary strategy impossible to combine with protein supplementation and MR.Highland barley(HB),a low-methionine cereal,not only provides the body with protein but also has improved glucose metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Therefore,this study evaluated the feasibility of HB as a source of methionine-restricted dietary protein and the potential mechanisms.Middle-aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet(CON),a high-fat diet(HFD),a whole-grain HB high-fat diet(HBHF),or a HBHF+methionine diet(HBHFmet)for 25 weeks.The results showed that the HBHF could keep the body weight,fasting glucose,insulin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),blood lipids,inflammation,and oxidative stress of HFD mice at normal levels.Compared with the HFD groups,HBHF inhibited pancreatic cell apoptosis and improved insulin secretion while improving hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.However,these efficacies were attenuated in HBHFmet group mice.These findings suggest that HBHF has an MR strategy.展开更多
Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running o...Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.展开更多
Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed ...Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.展开更多
This study presents novel findings on the potential of phloretin,an apple polyphenol,to enhance the effectiveness of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)antibody therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer p...This study presents novel findings on the potential of phloretin,an apple polyphenol,to enhance the effectiveness of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)antibody therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.Our research reveals that phloretin inhibits typeⅡglucose transporter(GLUT2)activity,significantly reducing cancer cell glucose uptake.We confirmed the overexpression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in paired human breast tumor tissues,with GLUT2 overexpression associated explicitly with poorer survival rates in breast cancer patients.Treatment with phloretin was observed to increase the interaction between GLUT2 and HER2 proteins,attenuate glycolysis,and enhance the binding affinity of anti-HER2 antibody drugs to target human breast cancer cells.Furthermore,the efficacy of the combination therapy involving phloretin and antibody drugs was reaffirmed in a cell-derived xenograft tumor animal model,particularly in suppressing the growth of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive(HER2+)breast cancer.These significant findings suggest that targeting GLUT2 activity with phloretin in combination with anti-HER2 antibody drugs may help mitigate the development of drug-resistant breast cancer,offering valuable insights for enhancing tumor treatment strategies and contributing to developing more effective therapies.展开更多
Efficient and selective glucose-to-fructose isomerization is a crucial step for production of oxygenated chemicals derived from sugars,which is usually catalyzed by base or Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst.However,hi...Efficient and selective glucose-to-fructose isomerization is a crucial step for production of oxygenated chemicals derived from sugars,which is usually catalyzed by base or Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst.However,high yield and selectivity of fructose cannot be simultaneously obtained under mild conditions which hamper the scale of application compared with enzymatic catalysis.Herein,a Li-promoted C_(3)N_(4) catalyst was exploited which afforded an excellent fructose yield(40.3 wt%)and selectivity(99.5%)from glucose in water at 50℃,attributed to the formation of stable Li–N bond to strengthen the basic sites of catalysts.Furthermore,the so-formed N_(6)–Li–H_(2)O active site on Li–C_(3)N_(4) catalyst in aqueous phase changes the local electronic structure and strengthens the deprotonation process during glucose isomerization into fructose.The superior catalytic performance which is comparable to biological pathway suggests promising applications of lithium containing heterogeneous catalyst in biomass refinery.展开更多
Foxtail millet(FM)whole grain has received special attention in recent years.To confirm the hypoglycemic effects of FM,we investigated the effects of FM supplementation on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in rats...Foxtail millet(FM)whole grain has received special attention in recent years.To confirm the hypoglycemic effects of FM,we investigated the effects of FM supplementation on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in rats with high-fat diet/streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes.Specifically,we fully assessed the blood biochemical profiles,pancreatic histopathology,insulin-glucagon immunofluorescence,short-chain fatty acids,and gut microbiota composition of rats with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes before and after FM supplementation.Results showed that both 30% and 48% FM supplementation significantly decreased concentrations of fasting blood glucose,60-min blood glucose,and blood triglycerides(P<0.05);additionally,48% FM supplementation significantly improved blood glucose tolerance and insulin resistance(P<0.05).However,FM supplementation could not effectively repair damage to β-cells over a short period of time.In addition,4 weeks of 48% FM supplementation siginificantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and concentration of butyrate,suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects of FM supplementation might be partially mediated by gut microbiota.Collectively,we found a dose-dependent relationship between FM supplementation and improvement of blood glucose metabolism,but did not find a synergistic effect between FM supplementation and metformin(Met)treatment.Our findings provide further support that consuming more whole-grain FM might be beneficial to individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Compounds with regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance(IR)activity are abundant in nature and can be obtained from several sources.They have high potential to be used to treat diabetes mellitus....Compounds with regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance(IR)activity are abundant in nature and can be obtained from several sources.They have high potential to be used to treat diabetes mellitus.These compounds isolated from natural plants can be classified seven categories:terpenoids,alkaloids,quinones,flavonoids,phenols,phenyl propanoids,steroids,and other types of compounds.They exert biological effects by different ways and mechanisms.This review illustrated the potential natural products as a rich resource in regulation of glucose metabolism and IR,as well as their mechanisms.展开更多
High sucrose content in traditional hawthorn leathers limits the potential consumption, particularly for elders and diabetics. In this study, sucrose-free hawthorn leathers were formulated with 75% fructooligosacchari...High sucrose content in traditional hawthorn leathers limits the potential consumption, particularly for elders and diabetics. In this study, sucrose-free hawthorn leathers were formulated with 75% fructooligosaccharides(FOS) and 25% xylooligosaccharides(XOS)(HLF75), which exhibited comparable morphology and sensory properties to the traditional ones. Then, the anti-obesity activity of HLF75 was investigated using high-fat diet(HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice. Comparing with traditional hawthorn leathers, HLF75 supplementation in HFD significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose and serum lipid. The histomorphologies of liver and subcutaneous fat tissues were ameliorated by HLF75, as well as the down-regulated m RNA expression levels of IL-1β, Nos2 and Cox-2 in the liver. M oreover, the protein levels of M y D88 and NF-κB in the liver were suppressed by HLF75 treatment with decreased F4/80-positive macrophage number. Ho wever, the expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT(Thr308), and phosphorylated-m TOR(Ser2448) proteins related to glucose metabolism were increased in the liver. Moreover, fat synthesis-related gene expression in HLF75-fed mice was suppressed while expressions of lipolysis genes were improved. Thus, HLF75 supplementation alleviated HFD-induced obesity through the alleviation of inflammation and restoration of the disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. Functional oligosaccharides could be effective sucrose substitutes in hawthorn leathers and enable their potential utilization as functional foods.展开更多
This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In additio...This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.展开更多
Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabrica...Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabricate portable glucose sensors by recycling copper from e-waste.We bring up a laser-induced full-automatic fabrication method for synthesizing continuous heterogeneous Cu_(x)O(h-Cu_(x)O)nano-skeletons electrode for glucose sensing,offering rapid(<1 min),clean,air-compatible,and continuous fabrication,applicable to a wide range of Cu-containing substrates.Leveraging this approach,h-Cu_(x)O nanoskeletons,with an inner core predominantly composed of Cu_(2)O with lower oxygen content,juxtaposed with an outer layer rich in amorphous Cu_(x)O(a-Cu_(x)O)with higher oxygen content,are derived from discarded printed circuit boards.When employed in glucose detection,the h-Cu_(x)O nano-skeletons undergo a structural evolution process,transitioning into rigid Cu_(2)O@CuO nano-skeletons prompted by electrochemical activation.This transformation yields exceptional glucose-sensing performance(sensitivity:9.893 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2);detection limit:0.34μM),outperforming most previously reported glucose sensors.Density functional theory analysis elucidates that the heterogeneous structure facilitates gluconolactone desorption.This glucose detection device has also been downsized to optimize its scalability and portability for convenient integration into people’s everyday lives.展开更多
The role of the habenular nucleus(Hb)in the pathogenesis of depression has been thoroughly studied,but whether it functions in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains unknown.In this study,type 2 diabetes(T2DM)rats,which...The role of the habenular nucleus(Hb)in the pathogenesis of depression has been thoroughly studied,but whether it functions in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains unknown.In this study,type 2 diabetes(T2DM)rats,which induced by the high-carbohydrate and fat diet combined with STZ were employed.The functions of Hb were suppressed by application of electrical lesion.Compared with the sham group,the expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation and insulin receptor were significantly increased,whereas glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylated kinase was reduced,in the liver of the Hb lesions group.展开更多
Fucoxanthin,a kind of exclusively algae-derived carotenoids,could reduce lipid content and regulate gut microbiota composition in obese mice,showing potential in preventing hyperlipidemia.This study aimed to illustrat...Fucoxanthin,a kind of exclusively algae-derived carotenoids,could reduce lipid content and regulate gut microbiota composition in obese mice,showing potential in preventing hyperlipidemia.This study aimed to illustrate fucoxanthin efficacy in modulating lipid metabolism in serum and liver of high-fat-induced hyperlipidemia mice,as well as investigate the underlying association with gut microbiota changes.Results showed that fucoxanthin significantly reduced body weight gain and body white fat of the mice.In the serum,total triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)contents were significantly decreased and high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol levels was significantly upregulated.Moreover,fucoxanthin remarkedly prevented lipid accumulation in the liver.Especially,metabolomics results showed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were significantly downregulated compared with the control,indicating the advance of hepatic lipid metabolism.Bile acids profile in the liver was also greatly changed by fucoxanthin.Meanwhile,fucoxanthin remodeled gut microbiota composition and promoted the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio,Blautia and Clostridia genera.Finally,correlation analysis revealed that these gut microbiota changes were closely related with hepatic metabolites/metabolism and serum lipids.Altogether,this study showed great potential of fucoxanthin in improving serum lipids profile,hepatic lipids and bile acids metabolism of hyperlipidemia mice,which was associated with gut microbiota alteration.展开更多
Pu-erh tea has been shown to reduce gut inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced mice.Also,we found abnormal liver cholesterol metabolism in DSS-induced mice.However,it's not clear how Pu-erh tea improv...Pu-erh tea has been shown to reduce gut inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced mice.Also,we found abnormal liver cholesterol metabolism in DSS-induced mice.However,it's not clear how Pu-erh tea improves DSS-induced impaired liver cholesterol metabolism.Here,we established the DSS-induced model and clarified that DSS exacerbated gut inflammation accompanied by disorders of liver cholesterol metabolism.Pu-erh tea reshaped gut microbes,limited gut oxidative stress and inflammation(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88/nuclear factor kappa-B,24.97%-52.89%),reduced gut bile acid reabsorption(up-regulation of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/fibroblast growth factor 15,24.53%-55.91%),and promoted liver bile acid synthesis(up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase,34.65%-79.14%),thereby partly restoring liver cholesterol metabolism(regulated FXR/small heterodimer partner/sterol-regulatory element binding proteins,53.19%-95.40%).Altered bile acid metabolic profiles(increased chenodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid,etc.)may also improve liver cholesterol metabolism by altering gut and liver inflammation.Thus,gut microbial reshaping and altered bile acid metabolism may be key targets of Pu-erh tea for improving DSS-induced liver cholesterol metabolism disorders via the gut-gut microbe-bile acid-liver axis.展开更多
Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acry...Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.展开更多
Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the ri...Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072145)。
文摘Sea cucumber derived sulfated sterols significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and decreased lipid accumulation compared to plant sterols.Interestingly,our recent study found that intervention with sea cucumber sulfated sterols could significantly increase blood glucose levels of healthy mice in the presence of glucose,while cholesterol sulfate,as one of sulfated sterols,did not have the same effect.However,the exact mechanism of sulfated sterols on glucose metabolism is still unknown.In the present study,we investigated the potential mechanism by which sulfated sterols influenced blood glucose homeostasis in healthy mice.Results showed that intervention with sea cucumber sulfated sterols did not affect the levels of hormones related to glucose metabolism,while led to a significant decrease in the synthesis of liver glycogen and muscle glycogen.Besides,the expression of proteins associated with the promotion of gluconeogenesis dramatically increased in the mice intervened with sea cucumber sulfated sterols.These findings suggested that sea cucumber sulfated sterols might change blood glucose metabolism in healthy mice by reducing glycogenesis and promoting gluconeogenesis.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800703)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20231088)+8 种基金Beijing Nova Program(Z201100006820117 and 20220484181)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7184252)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2021MX013)Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program(BMU2023PYJH022)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary ResearchChina Endocrine and Metabolism Young Scientific Talent Research Project(2022-N-02-01)China Diabetes Young Scientific Talent Research ProjectBethune-Merck Diabetes Research Fund of Bethune Charitable Foundation。
文摘Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,particularly during the early stages of offspring development,remain poorly understood.In this study,female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout gestation and lactation.Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)coupled with microarray analysis was employed to identify differentially methylated genes in the livers of offspring at weaning age.We found that maternal high-fat diet feeding predisposes offspring to obesity and impaired glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.DNA methylation profile analysis unveiled a significant enrichment of differentially methylated genes within the natural killer(NK)cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway.MeDIP-PCR validated reduced methylation levels of specific genes within this pathway,including tumour necrosis factorα(TNF-α),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),and SHC adaptor protein 1(SHC1).Consistently,the expressions of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 were significantly upregulated,accompanied by elevated serum TNF-αand interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in offspring from dams fed with high-fat diet.Moreover,we assessed the expressions of genes associated with NK cell activities,uncovering a notable rise in hepatic granzyme B levels and a trend towards increased CD107a expression in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet.In addition,methylation levels of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 promoters were inversely correlated with glucose response during glucose tolerance testing.In conclusion,our findings underscore the critical role of the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathway in mediating DNA methylation patterns,thereby contributing to the programming effects of maternal high-fat diet consumption on offspring glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.
基金funded by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20230807112007014)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (SZXK046)。
文摘BACKGROUND:We aimed to observe the dynamic changes in glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters and their ability to predict neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality in cardiac arrest patients after the restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC).METHODS:Adult cardiac arrest patients after ROSC who were admitted to the emergency or cardiac intensive care unit of the First Aflliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from August 1,2017,to May 30,2021,were enrolled.According to 28-day survival,the patients were divided into a non-survival group(n=82) and a survival group(n=38).Healthy adult volunteers(n=40) of similar ages and sexes were selected as controls.The serum levels of glucose metabolic reprogrammingrelated parameters(lactate dehydrogenase [LDH],lactate and pyruvate),neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and interleukin 6(IL-6) were measured on days 1,3,and 7 after ROSC.The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II) score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA) score were calculated.The Cerebral Performance Category(CPC) score was recorded on day 28 after ROSC.RESULTS:Following ROSC,the serum LDH(607.0 U/L vs.286.5 U/L),lactate(5.0 mmol/L vs.2.0 mmol/L),pyruvate(178.0 μmol/L vs.70.9 μmol/L),and lactate/pyruvate ratio(34.1 vs.22.1) significantly increased and were higher in the non-survivors than in the survivors on admission(all P<0.05).Moreover,the serum LDH,pyruvate,IL-6,APACHE II score,and SOFA score on days 1,3 and 7 after ROSC were significantly associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and 28-day all-cause mortality(all P<0.05).The serum LDH concentration on day 1 after ROSC had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of 0.904 [95% confidence interval [95% CI]:0.851–0.957]) with 96.8% specificity for predicting 28-day neurological prognosis and an AUC of 0.950(95% CI:0.911–0.989) with 94.7% specificity for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality,which was the highest among the glucose metabolic reprogramming-related parameters tested.CONCLUSION:Serum parameters related to glucose metabolic reprogramming were significantly increased after ROSC.Increased serum LDH and pyruvate levels,and lactate/pyruvate ratio may be associated with 28-day poor neurological prognosis and all-cause mortality after ROSC,and the predictive eflcacy of LDH during the first week was superior to others.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101876)the Discipline ConstructionFood Science and Engineering(SPKX-202202)grants。
文摘Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901782)。
文摘Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.
基金supported by the 12th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development of China(2012BAD33B05).
文摘Methionine restriction(MR)is an effective dietary strategy to regulate energy metabolism and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the body,especially in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,the high methionine content of meat products makes this dietary strategy impossible to combine with protein supplementation and MR.Highland barley(HB),a low-methionine cereal,not only provides the body with protein but also has improved glucose metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Therefore,this study evaluated the feasibility of HB as a source of methionine-restricted dietary protein and the potential mechanisms.Middle-aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet(CON),a high-fat diet(HFD),a whole-grain HB high-fat diet(HBHF),or a HBHF+methionine diet(HBHFmet)for 25 weeks.The results showed that the HBHF could keep the body weight,fasting glucose,insulin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),blood lipids,inflammation,and oxidative stress of HFD mice at normal levels.Compared with the HFD groups,HBHF inhibited pancreatic cell apoptosis and improved insulin secretion while improving hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.However,these efficacies were attenuated in HBHFmet group mice.These findings suggest that HBHF has an MR strategy.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800703 and 81970701)Beijing Nova Program (Z201100006820117 and 20220484181)+7 种基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7184252 and 7214258)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (BMU2021MX013)Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program (BMU2023PYJH022)China Endocrine and Metabolism Young Scientific Talent Research Project (2022-N-02-01)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary ResearchChina Diabetes Young Scientific Talent Research ProjectBethune-Merck Diabetes Research Fund of Bethune Charitable Foundation (G2018030)。
文摘Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Funds of Hebei Medical University(30705010016-3759)Natural Science Foundation of China(32272328)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2022321001)National Key Research Project of Hebei Province(20375502D)Postdoctoral Research Project of Hebei Province(B2022003031)Science and Technology Research Program of Hebei Provincial Colleges(QN2023229)Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health(2023YDYY-KF05)。
文摘Intermittent fasting can benefit breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy.However,it is still uncertain how to select immunotherapy drugs to combine with intermittent fasting.Herein we observed that two cycles of fasting treatment significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and lung tissue metastasis,as well as prolonged overall survival in mice bearing 4T1 and 4T07 breast cancer.During this process,both the immunosuppressive monocytic-(M-)and granulocytic-(G-)myeloid-derived suppressor cell(MDSC)decreased,accompanied by an increase in interleukin(IL)7R^(+)and granzyme B^(+)T cells in the tumor microenvironment.Interestingly,we observed that Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC sharply decreased after fasting treatment,and the cell surface markers and protein mass spectrometry data showed potential therapeutic targets.Mechanistic investigation revealed that glucose metabolism restriction suppressed the splenic granulocytemonocyte progenitor and the generation of colony-stimulating factors and IL-6,which both contributed to the accumulation of G-MDSC.On the other hand,glucose metabolism restriction can directly induce the apoptosis of Ly6G^(low)G-MDSC,but not Ly6G^(high)subsets.In summary,these results suggest that glucose metabolism restriction induced by fasting treatment attenuates the immune-suppressive milieu and enhances the activation of CD3^(+)T cells,providing potential solutions for enhancing immune-based cancer interventions.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,China(NSTC 112-2320-B-039-057 and MOST 111-2320-B-039-067-MY3)the China Medical University,Taiwan,China(CMU112-S-18),awarded to Yuan-Soon Ho+1 种基金the China Medical University,Taiwan,China(CMU112-N-02),awarded to Li-Ching Chenthe Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,China(MOST 110-2320B-039-079)。
文摘This study presents novel findings on the potential of phloretin,an apple polyphenol,to enhance the effectiveness of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)antibody therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.Our research reveals that phloretin inhibits typeⅡglucose transporter(GLUT2)activity,significantly reducing cancer cell glucose uptake.We confirmed the overexpression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in paired human breast tumor tissues,with GLUT2 overexpression associated explicitly with poorer survival rates in breast cancer patients.Treatment with phloretin was observed to increase the interaction between GLUT2 and HER2 proteins,attenuate glycolysis,and enhance the binding affinity of anti-HER2 antibody drugs to target human breast cancer cells.Furthermore,the efficacy of the combination therapy involving phloretin and antibody drugs was reaffirmed in a cell-derived xenograft tumor animal model,particularly in suppressing the growth of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive(HER2+)breast cancer.These significant findings suggest that targeting GLUT2 activity with phloretin in combination with anti-HER2 antibody drugs may help mitigate the development of drug-resistant breast cancer,offering valuable insights for enhancing tumor treatment strategies and contributing to developing more effective therapies.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278419,21978316,22108289,22172188)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFB0604700)Suzhou Key Technology Research(Social Development)Project(2023ss06)。
文摘Efficient and selective glucose-to-fructose isomerization is a crucial step for production of oxygenated chemicals derived from sugars,which is usually catalyzed by base or Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst.However,high yield and selectivity of fructose cannot be simultaneously obtained under mild conditions which hamper the scale of application compared with enzymatic catalysis.Herein,a Li-promoted C_(3)N_(4) catalyst was exploited which afforded an excellent fructose yield(40.3 wt%)and selectivity(99.5%)from glucose in water at 50℃,attributed to the formation of stable Li–N bond to strengthen the basic sites of catalysts.Furthermore,the so-formed N_(6)–Li–H_(2)O active site on Li–C_(3)N_(4) catalyst in aqueous phase changes the local electronic structure and strengthens the deprotonation process during glucose isomerization into fructose.The superior catalytic performance which is comparable to biological pathway suggests promising applications of lithium containing heterogeneous catalyst in biomass refinery.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0401200)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-07-13.5-A17)+1 种基金General S&T project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(KM202010011006)BTBU Youth Fund(PXM2019_014213_000007).
文摘Foxtail millet(FM)whole grain has received special attention in recent years.To confirm the hypoglycemic effects of FM,we investigated the effects of FM supplementation on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in rats with high-fat diet/streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes.Specifically,we fully assessed the blood biochemical profiles,pancreatic histopathology,insulin-glucagon immunofluorescence,short-chain fatty acids,and gut microbiota composition of rats with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes before and after FM supplementation.Results showed that both 30% and 48% FM supplementation significantly decreased concentrations of fasting blood glucose,60-min blood glucose,and blood triglycerides(P<0.05);additionally,48% FM supplementation significantly improved blood glucose tolerance and insulin resistance(P<0.05).However,FM supplementation could not effectively repair damage to β-cells over a short period of time.In addition,4 weeks of 48% FM supplementation siginificantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and concentration of butyrate,suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects of FM supplementation might be partially mediated by gut microbiota.Collectively,we found a dose-dependent relationship between FM supplementation and improvement of blood glucose metabolism,but did not find a synergistic effect between FM supplementation and metformin(Met)treatment.Our findings provide further support that consuming more whole-grain FM might be beneficial to individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900292)Science and Technology Development Program of Henan Province(202102110149,192102110112,and 182102410083)Science and Technology Project of Kaifeng(1908005,and 1803010).
文摘Compounds with regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance(IR)activity are abundant in nature and can be obtained from several sources.They have high potential to be used to treat diabetes mellitus.These compounds isolated from natural plants can be classified seven categories:terpenoids,alkaloids,quinones,flavonoids,phenols,phenyl propanoids,steroids,and other types of compounds.They exert biological effects by different ways and mechanisms.This review illustrated the potential natural products as a rich resource in regulation of glucose metabolism and IR,as well as their mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31630096)。
文摘High sucrose content in traditional hawthorn leathers limits the potential consumption, particularly for elders and diabetics. In this study, sucrose-free hawthorn leathers were formulated with 75% fructooligosaccharides(FOS) and 25% xylooligosaccharides(XOS)(HLF75), which exhibited comparable morphology and sensory properties to the traditional ones. Then, the anti-obesity activity of HLF75 was investigated using high-fat diet(HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice. Comparing with traditional hawthorn leathers, HLF75 supplementation in HFD significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose and serum lipid. The histomorphologies of liver and subcutaneous fat tissues were ameliorated by HLF75, as well as the down-regulated m RNA expression levels of IL-1β, Nos2 and Cox-2 in the liver. M oreover, the protein levels of M y D88 and NF-κB in the liver were suppressed by HLF75 treatment with decreased F4/80-positive macrophage number. Ho wever, the expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT(Thr308), and phosphorylated-m TOR(Ser2448) proteins related to glucose metabolism were increased in the liver. Moreover, fat synthesis-related gene expression in HLF75-fed mice was suppressed while expressions of lipolysis genes were improved. Thus, HLF75 supplementation alleviated HFD-induced obesity through the alleviation of inflammation and restoration of the disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. Functional oligosaccharides could be effective sucrose substitutes in hawthorn leathers and enable their potential utilization as functional foods.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No.2022M3J7A1062940,2021R1A5A6002853,and 2021R1A2C3011585)supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20015577)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.
基金funded by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(25201620/C6001-22Y)the Hong Kong Innovation Technology Commission(ITC)under project No.MHP/060/21support of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies at HKUST.
文摘Electronic waste(e-waste)and diabetes are global challenges to modern societies.However,solving these two challenges together has been challenging until now.Herein,we propose a laser-induced transfer method to fabricate portable glucose sensors by recycling copper from e-waste.We bring up a laser-induced full-automatic fabrication method for synthesizing continuous heterogeneous Cu_(x)O(h-Cu_(x)O)nano-skeletons electrode for glucose sensing,offering rapid(<1 min),clean,air-compatible,and continuous fabrication,applicable to a wide range of Cu-containing substrates.Leveraging this approach,h-Cu_(x)O nanoskeletons,with an inner core predominantly composed of Cu_(2)O with lower oxygen content,juxtaposed with an outer layer rich in amorphous Cu_(x)O(a-Cu_(x)O)with higher oxygen content,are derived from discarded printed circuit boards.When employed in glucose detection,the h-Cu_(x)O nano-skeletons undergo a structural evolution process,transitioning into rigid Cu_(2)O@CuO nano-skeletons prompted by electrochemical activation.This transformation yields exceptional glucose-sensing performance(sensitivity:9.893 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2);detection limit:0.34μM),outperforming most previously reported glucose sensors.Density functional theory analysis elucidates that the heterogeneous structure facilitates gluconolactone desorption.This glucose detection device has also been downsized to optimize its scalability and portability for convenient integration into people’s everyday lives.
文摘The role of the habenular nucleus(Hb)in the pathogenesis of depression has been thoroughly studied,but whether it functions in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains unknown.In this study,type 2 diabetes(T2DM)rats,which induced by the high-carbohydrate and fat diet combined with STZ were employed.The functions of Hb were suppressed by application of electrical lesion.Compared with the sham group,the expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation and insulin receptor were significantly increased,whereas glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylated kinase was reduced,in the liver of the Hb lesions group.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901624)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B020206001)+2 种基金Guangdong Province Zhujiang Talent Program(2019ZT08H476)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20180412181334790)the Innovation Team Project of Universities in Guangdong Province(2020KCXTD023)。
文摘Fucoxanthin,a kind of exclusively algae-derived carotenoids,could reduce lipid content and regulate gut microbiota composition in obese mice,showing potential in preventing hyperlipidemia.This study aimed to illustrate fucoxanthin efficacy in modulating lipid metabolism in serum and liver of high-fat-induced hyperlipidemia mice,as well as investigate the underlying association with gut microbiota changes.Results showed that fucoxanthin significantly reduced body weight gain and body white fat of the mice.In the serum,total triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)contents were significantly decreased and high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol levels was significantly upregulated.Moreover,fucoxanthin remarkedly prevented lipid accumulation in the liver.Especially,metabolomics results showed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were significantly downregulated compared with the control,indicating the advance of hepatic lipid metabolism.Bile acids profile in the liver was also greatly changed by fucoxanthin.Meanwhile,fucoxanthin remodeled gut microbiota composition and promoted the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio,Blautia and Clostridia genera.Finally,correlation analysis revealed that these gut microbiota changes were closely related with hepatic metabolites/metabolism and serum lipids.Altogether,this study showed great potential of fucoxanthin in improving serum lipids profile,hepatic lipids and bile acids metabolism of hyperlipidemia mice,which was associated with gut microbiota alteration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China funded project(32172627)Chongqing Modern Tea Technology System for Efficient Agriculture in Mountainous Areas 2022[8]the Germplasm Creation Research Program of Southwest University。
文摘Pu-erh tea has been shown to reduce gut inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced mice.Also,we found abnormal liver cholesterol metabolism in DSS-induced mice.However,it's not clear how Pu-erh tea improves DSS-induced impaired liver cholesterol metabolism.Here,we established the DSS-induced model and clarified that DSS exacerbated gut inflammation accompanied by disorders of liver cholesterol metabolism.Pu-erh tea reshaped gut microbes,limited gut oxidative stress and inflammation(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88/nuclear factor kappa-B,24.97%-52.89%),reduced gut bile acid reabsorption(up-regulation of farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/fibroblast growth factor 15,24.53%-55.91%),and promoted liver bile acid synthesis(up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase,34.65%-79.14%),thereby partly restoring liver cholesterol metabolism(regulated FXR/small heterodimer partner/sterol-regulatory element binding proteins,53.19%-95.40%).Altered bile acid metabolic profiles(increased chenodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid,etc.)may also improve liver cholesterol metabolism by altering gut and liver inflammation.Thus,gut microbial reshaping and altered bile acid metabolism may be key targets of Pu-erh tea for improving DSS-induced liver cholesterol metabolism disorders via the gut-gut microbe-bile acid-liver axis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976156)。
文摘Acrylamide is classified as a Class 2A carcinogen and mainly metabolized to produce hepatotoxicity.Phosphatidylcholine is thought to protect the liver from damage,but the protective role of phosphatidylcholine on acrylamide-exposed metabolic disorders remains unclear.We investigated protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on the hepatic metabolism in rats exposed to acrylamide using metabolomics and molecular biology approaches.Overall,32 endogenous effect biomarkers and 4 exposure biomarkers were identified as differential signature metabolites responsible for acrylamide exposure and phosphatidylcholine protection.Acrylamide exposure interferes with glutathione metabolism by consuming antioxidant glutathione,cysteine and L-ascorbic acid,and disrupts lipid and carbohydrate metabolism through reducing carnitine content and increasing lipid peroxidation.The phosphatidylcholine treatment reduces the expression of cytochrome P4502E1,alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammation of the liver,and stabilizes the content of glutathione,and thus alleviates the disorder of glutathione.Meanwhile,phosphatidylcholine shifted acrylamide-induced phosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidylcholine to storage from lysophosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol,thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of glycerophospholipid.The results suggested that phosphatidylcholine supplementation alleviate the disorder of glutathione and lipid metabolism caused by acrylamide exposure,but not significantly change the levels of mercapturic acid adducts of acrylamide,providing the evidence for phosphatidylcholine protection against acrylamide-induced liver injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32122069)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910011025)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730134)。
文摘Globally,hyperuricemia is a growing health,social,and economic problem which could cause gout,chronic kidney diseases and other diseases.There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia.Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following:decreasing intake of animal organs,seafood,sugar-sweetened,and alcohol beverages is essential;choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial;and increasing intake of vegetables,reduced-fat dairy products,foods containing fiber,micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful.In addition,consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous,and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended.Moreover,personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.
