Rare earth element （REE） concentrations were measured by ICP-MS for groundwater collected from deep seated Taiyuan Fm limestone aquifer （from -400 to -530 m） in Renlou Coal Mine, northern Anhui Province, China. It...Rare earth element （REE） concentrations were measured by ICP-MS for groundwater collected from deep seated Taiyuan Fm limestone aquifer （from -400 to -530 m） in Renlou Coal Mine, northern Anhui Province, China. It can be concluded that the groundwater is warm （34.0-37.2 ℃） C1-Ca, Na type water with circum-neutral pH （7.35-8.28） and high total dissolved solids （TDS, 1 746-2 849 mg/L）. The groundwater exhibits heavy REEs enrichment relative to light REEs compared with Post Archean Average Shale （PAAS）, as well as their aquifer rocks （limestone）. The enrichment of REEs is considered to be controlled by terrigeneous materials （e.g. zircon） in aquifer rocks, whereas the fractionation of REEs is controlled by marine derived materials （e.g. calcite）, to a less extent, terrigeneous materials and inorganic complexation. The Ce anomalies normalized to PAAS and aquifer rocks are weak, which probably reflects the signature of the aquifer rock rather than redox conditions or pH. The similarities of REE patterns between groundwater and aquifer rocks imply that aquifer rocks play important roles in controlling the REE characteristics of groundwater, and then provide a probability for discrimination of groundwater sources by using REEs.展开更多
The variation characteristics of aquifer parameters,induced by groundwater source heat pump(GWSHP) operation under variable flow,were theoretically analyzed through a case study,in which the characteristics of buildin...The variation characteristics of aquifer parameters,induced by groundwater source heat pump(GWSHP) operation under variable flow,were theoretically analyzed through a case study,in which the characteristics of building air conditioning load were considered.The results,compared with the constant flow operation,indicate that the influence on the variations of porosity,hydraulic conductivity and confined water head is decreased by 48%,51% and 71%,respectively,under variable flow operation.The security of variable flow operation is superior to that of constant flow.It is also concluded that the climate region and function of the buildings are primary factors which affect the suitability of variable flow operation in GWSHP.展开更多
The area of well rice in the sanjiang Plain is incresing recently.At the same time,the groundwater resource has been wasted.Thus,the resource of groundwater is shortening.More and more area appears the phenomenon of ...The area of well rice in the sanjiang Plain is incresing recently.At the same time,the groundwater resource has been wasted.Thus,the resource of groundwater is shortening.More and more area appears the phenomenon of “hanger pump” and “funnel”.According to these problems the paper adopts Chuang Ye farm as the research base,through handle the data of groundwater,applying GM(1,1) to forecasting the dynamic variation of groundwater.The writer hopes to provide some references about using groundwater resource of the area in the future for readers.展开更多
The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, e...The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, exploit and utilize on groundwater resource are provided rationally. According to the real condition of Sanjiang Plain, the indexes system is established based on the traditional DRASTIC model. The new system includes the following seven indexes： Depth of Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, Land Utilizing Ratio and Populace Density. The related analysis appears that the system is rather reasonable. Because traditional methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory, can＇t be avoided human interference in selection of weights, they could lead to an imprecise result. In order to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability reasonably, entropy weight coefficient method is applied for the first time, which provides a new way to groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The method is a model whose weights are insured by the calculation process, so the artificial disturb can be avoided. It has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in Sanjiang Plain. The satisfied result is acquired. Comparably, the same result is acquired by the other method named projection pursuit evaluation based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm. It shows that entropy weight coefficient method is applicable on groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The evaluation result can provide reference on the decision-making departments.展开更多
The quality changes of shallow groundwater from karst hilly areas in Guiyang region of China impacted by the urbanization were investigated. The results show that the major ions in shallow groundwater from the karst h...The quality changes of shallow groundwater from karst hilly areas in Guiyang region of China impacted by the urbanization were investigated. The results show that the major ions in shallow groundwater from the karst hilly areas are mainly composed of HCO3^-, SO4^2-, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and the concentrations scopes of NO3^-, Cl^-, K^＋ and Na^＋ of the groundwater in agricultural, residential and industrial areas are 4.5-9.6, 2.8-7.1, 3.9-6.3 and 2.5-4.9 times higher than those in the forest areas, respectively. The concentrations of As, Pb and Cd of shallow groundwater in the industrial areas are also significantly enhanced, followed by those in the residential areas and the agricultural areas. The concentrations of NO3^-, SO4^2- , As, Pb and Cd of the groundwater in the industrial areas and those of NO3^- , SO4^2-, As and Cd of shallow groundwater in the residential areas reach grade Ⅲ of the Groundwater Quality Standard of China （GB/T 14848-93）, while the concentration of NO3^- in the groundwater from the industrial areas exceeds grade V. With the process of urbanization, NO3^- is the key factor to influence the groundwater quality in karst hilly areas, followed by SO4^2-, As, Pb and Cd.展开更多
Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious water quality problem that increases the risk of developing various cancers.Groundwater is the most important water resource and supports a population of 5 million in Anya...Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious water quality problem that increases the risk of developing various cancers.Groundwater is the most important water resource and supports a population of 5 million in Anyang area of the southern part of the North China Plain. Determining the source of nitrate pollution is the challenge in hydrology area due to the complex processes of migration and transformation. A new method is presented to determine the source of nitrogen pollution by combining the composition characteristics of stable carbon isotope in dissolved organic carbon in groundwater. The source of groundwater nitrate is dominated by agricultural fertilizers, as well as manure and wastewater. Mineralization, nitrification and mixing processes occur in the groundwater recharge area, whereas the confined groundwater area is dominated by denitrification processes.展开更多
PCG2 （Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient Method 2）, the most popular mothod used in groundwater field, was used to solve the distributed model of large-scale groundwater system. Its principle and effect was analyzed ...PCG2 （Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient Method 2）, the most popular mothod used in groundwater field, was used to solve the distributed model of large-scale groundwater system. Its principle and effect was analyzed mathematically, and verified by some specific examples. Numerical results acquired by PCG2 are accurate, it demonstrates that PCG2 is effective on methodology itself and man-ralated operation. So PCG2 is worthy of popularizing in the area of groundwater system for numerical analysis.展开更多
Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance t...Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/(m·d) was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/(m·d) for mountain tunnel is reasonable.展开更多
Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water re...Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water展开更多
Tropical islands,about 50000 in number,are distributed over the Pacific,Indian and Atlantic Oceans.Limited groundwater resources in the form of lens shaped aquifers,in atolls,are extremely vulnerable to natural proces...Tropical islands,about 50000 in number,are distributed over the Pacific,Indian and Atlantic Oceans.Limited groundwater resources in the form of lens shaped aquifers,in atolls,are extremely vulnerable to natural processes and human activities.The increasing population on these islands has worsened the groundwater demand supply ratio significantly. This deteriorating ground water condition has come展开更多
The pollution of iron,manganese and nitrate in groundwater is a huge threat to human beings.In this study,column experiments of ceramic,manganese sand,ceramic sand,volcanic rock,quartz sand were conducted.Iron and man...The pollution of iron,manganese and nitrate in groundwater is a huge threat to human beings.In this study,column experiments of ceramic,manganese sand,ceramic sand,volcanic rock,quartz sand were conducted.Iron and manganese contents of influent were 3.3 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L.When the biofilm became mature,the highest iron and manganese removal rate achieved by manganese sand as a filter material.Quartz did a little worse than manganese sand,but other three filter material could not reach展开更多
If you drill a hole into the ground,in most places its bottom fills with water after a few days.The water appears even if no rain falls and no streams flow nearby.The water that seeps into the hole is part of the vast...If you drill a hole into the ground,in most places its bottom fills with water after a few days.The water appears even if no rain falls and no streams flow nearby.The water that seeps into the hole is part of the vast reservoir of subterranean ground water that saturates the Earth’s crust in a zone between a few meters and a few kilometers below the surface. Ground water is exploited by digging wells and pumping the water to the surface.It provides drinking water for more than half of the population of North America and is a major source of water for展开更多
The characteristic of groundwater belongs to low iron but high manganese in Shenyang Hunnan New Developed Area.The first stage engineering of The WTP of Shenyang Hunnan industry Area were designed according the techno...The characteristic of groundwater belongs to low iron but high manganese in Shenyang Hunnan New Developed Area.The first stage engineering of The WTP of Shenyang Hunnan industry Area were designed according the technology of aerated-contact oxidation,and the water quality couldn’t reach to the standard after the WTP putted into production,1996.展开更多
The characteristics and application of the in-situ remediation technology of groundwater,including air sparing,electro kinetic remediation,in-situ chemical oxidation,in-situ groundwater bioremediation and permeable re...The characteristics and application of the in-situ remediation technology of groundwater,including air sparing,electro kinetic remediation,in-situ chemical oxidation,in-situ groundwater bioremediation and permeable reactive barriers,were compared and evaluated.The results show that over 90%of展开更多
The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,...The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,has been deteriorated due to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater to meet the demand.Thus arranging a sustainable supply of groundwater has become the most challenging task on these tiny atolls for the survival of human life. Groundwater floats in the form of thin lens,which展开更多
The term"sustainable use"in this poster will be defined as"the use of groundwater that meets specific needs of the present,and can be maintained into the future,without detracting from the satisfaction ...The term"sustainable use"in this poster will be defined as"the use of groundwater that meets specific needs of the present,and can be maintained into the future,without detracting from the satisfaction of other needs in the present or future.This poster will examine the sustainable use of groundwater from recharge aquifers in the Swaziland Highveld(altitude greater than 1800 m).The aquifer system forms part of the Precambrian Basement Complex which展开更多
BTEX contaminants in groundwater seriously impact the ecological environment and human health that has become one of the urgent problems needed to be solved.Due to its low density,low solubility and strong volatility,...BTEX contaminants in groundwater seriously impact the ecological environment and human health that has become one of the urgent problems needed to be solved.Due to its low density,low solubility and strong volatility,BTEX in groundwater usually form non-aqueous phase liquid(NAPL) contaminants and exist in three phases:gas,aqueous and oil phase.Air sparging(AS) is an in situ treatment technology展开更多
The quality of groundwater resources needs to be assessed and monitored to ensure sustainable use and management.Groundwater-related data are characterized by inaccurate,missing values and significant uncertainties;wh...The quality of groundwater resources needs to be assessed and monitored to ensure sustainable use and management.Groundwater-related data are characterized by inaccurate,missing values and significant uncertainties;whose sources range from inadequacies and errors in the measuring techniques to insufficient sampling times and frequencies.Uncertainties展开更多
Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into ...Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into a volcanic aquifer,is being conducted展开更多
基金Project(40873015) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(08010302062) supported by the Eleventh Five-year Scientific and Technological Program of Anhui Province,China
文摘Rare earth element （REE） concentrations were measured by ICP-MS for groundwater collected from deep seated Taiyuan Fm limestone aquifer （from -400 to -530 m） in Renlou Coal Mine, northern Anhui Province, China. It can be concluded that the groundwater is warm （34.0-37.2 ℃） C1-Ca, Na type water with circum-neutral pH （7.35-8.28） and high total dissolved solids （TDS, 1 746-2 849 mg/L）. The groundwater exhibits heavy REEs enrichment relative to light REEs compared with Post Archean Average Shale （PAAS）, as well as their aquifer rocks （limestone）. The enrichment of REEs is considered to be controlled by terrigeneous materials （e.g. zircon） in aquifer rocks, whereas the fractionation of REEs is controlled by marine derived materials （e.g. calcite）, to a less extent, terrigeneous materials and inorganic complexation. The Ce anomalies normalized to PAAS and aquifer rocks are weak, which probably reflects the signature of the aquifer rock rather than redox conditions or pH. The similarities of REE patterns between groundwater and aquifer rocks imply that aquifer rocks play important roles in controlling the REE characteristics of groundwater, and then provide a probability for discrimination of groundwater sources by using REEs.
基金Project(2006BAJ01B05) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-Year Plane Period
文摘The variation characteristics of aquifer parameters,induced by groundwater source heat pump(GWSHP) operation under variable flow,were theoretically analyzed through a case study,in which the characteristics of building air conditioning load were considered.The results,compared with the constant flow operation,indicate that the influence on the variations of porosity,hydraulic conductivity and confined water head is decreased by 48%,51% and 71%,respectively,under variable flow operation.The security of variable flow operation is superior to that of constant flow.It is also concluded that the climate region and function of the buildings are primary factors which affect the suitability of variable flow operation in GWSHP.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Fund.The Youth Fund of Si Chuon University ( 4 3 2 0 2 8)
文摘The area of well rice in the sanjiang Plain is incresing recently.At the same time,the groundwater resource has been wasted.Thus,the resource of groundwater is shortening.More and more area appears the phenomenon of “hanger pump” and “funnel”.According to these problems the paper adopts Chuang Ye farm as the research base,through handle the data of groundwater,applying GM(1,1) to forecasting the dynamic variation of groundwater.The writer hopes to provide some references about using groundwater resource of the area in the future for readers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30400275)the Tackle Key Problems of Heilongjiang Province(the Hobbledehoy Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province)(QC04C28)
文摘The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, exploit and utilize on groundwater resource are provided rationally. According to the real condition of Sanjiang Plain, the indexes system is established based on the traditional DRASTIC model. The new system includes the following seven indexes： Depth of Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, Land Utilizing Ratio and Populace Density. The related analysis appears that the system is rather reasonable. Because traditional methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory, can＇t be avoided human interference in selection of weights, they could lead to an imprecise result. In order to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability reasonably, entropy weight coefficient method is applied for the first time, which provides a new way to groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The method is a model whose weights are insured by the calculation process, so the artificial disturb can be avoided. It has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in Sanjiang Plain. The satisfied result is acquired. Comparably, the same result is acquired by the other method named projection pursuit evaluation based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm. It shows that entropy weight coefficient method is applicable on groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The evaluation result can provide reference on the decision-making departments.
基金Project(2006CB403205) supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(40961030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The quality changes of shallow groundwater from karst hilly areas in Guiyang region of China impacted by the urbanization were investigated. The results show that the major ions in shallow groundwater from the karst hilly areas are mainly composed of HCO3^-, SO4^2-, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and the concentrations scopes of NO3^-, Cl^-, K^＋ and Na^＋ of the groundwater in agricultural, residential and industrial areas are 4.5-9.6, 2.8-7.1, 3.9-6.3 and 2.5-4.9 times higher than those in the forest areas, respectively. The concentrations of As, Pb and Cd of shallow groundwater in the industrial areas are also significantly enhanced, followed by those in the residential areas and the agricultural areas. The concentrations of NO3^-, SO4^2- , As, Pb and Cd of the groundwater in the industrial areas and those of NO3^- , SO4^2-, As and Cd of shallow groundwater in the residential areas reach grade Ⅲ of the Groundwater Quality Standard of China （GB/T 14848-93）, while the concentration of NO3^- in the groundwater from the industrial areas exceeds grade V. With the process of urbanization, NO3^- is the key factor to influence the groundwater quality in karst hilly areas, followed by SO4^2-, As, Pb and Cd.
基金Projects(41072179,41002083)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Nitrate pollution in groundwater is a serious water quality problem that increases the risk of developing various cancers.Groundwater is the most important water resource and supports a population of 5 million in Anyang area of the southern part of the North China Plain. Determining the source of nitrate pollution is the challenge in hydrology area due to the complex processes of migration and transformation. A new method is presented to determine the source of nitrogen pollution by combining the composition characteristics of stable carbon isotope in dissolved organic carbon in groundwater. The source of groundwater nitrate is dominated by agricultural fertilizers, as well as manure and wastewater. Mineralization, nitrification and mixing processes occur in the groundwater recharge area, whereas the confined groundwater area is dominated by denitrification processes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (30370825)
文摘PCG2 （Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient Method 2）, the most popular mothod used in groundwater field, was used to solve the distributed model of large-scale groundwater system. Its principle and effect was analyzed mathematically, and verified by some specific examples. Numerical results acquired by PCG2 are accurate, it demonstrates that PCG2 is effective on methodology itself and man-ralated operation. So PCG2 is worthy of popularizing in the area of groundwater system for numerical analysis.
基金Projects(51078359,51208522,51208523)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010-122-009)supported by the Traffic Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province,ChinaProject(CX2011B098)supported by the Postgraduate Research Innovation Fund of Hunan Province,China
文摘Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/(m·d) was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/(m·d) for mountain tunnel is reasonable.
文摘Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water
文摘Tropical islands,about 50000 in number,are distributed over the Pacific,Indian and Atlantic Oceans.Limited groundwater resources in the form of lens shaped aquifers,in atolls,are extremely vulnerable to natural processes and human activities.The increasing population on these islands has worsened the groundwater demand supply ratio significantly. This deteriorating ground water condition has come
文摘The pollution of iron,manganese and nitrate in groundwater is a huge threat to human beings.In this study,column experiments of ceramic,manganese sand,ceramic sand,volcanic rock,quartz sand were conducted.Iron and manganese contents of influent were 3.3 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L.When the biofilm became mature,the highest iron and manganese removal rate achieved by manganese sand as a filter material.Quartz did a little worse than manganese sand,but other three filter material could not reach
文摘If you drill a hole into the ground,in most places its bottom fills with water after a few days.The water appears even if no rain falls and no streams flow nearby.The water that seeps into the hole is part of the vast reservoir of subterranean ground water that saturates the Earth’s crust in a zone between a few meters and a few kilometers below the surface. Ground water is exploited by digging wells and pumping the water to the surface.It provides drinking water for more than half of the population of North America and is a major source of water for
文摘The characteristic of groundwater belongs to low iron but high manganese in Shenyang Hunnan New Developed Area.The first stage engineering of The WTP of Shenyang Hunnan industry Area were designed according the technology of aerated-contact oxidation,and the water quality couldn’t reach to the standard after the WTP putted into production,1996.
文摘The characteristics and application of the in-situ remediation technology of groundwater,including air sparing,electro kinetic remediation,in-situ chemical oxidation,in-situ groundwater bioremediation and permeable reactive barriers,were compared and evaluated.The results show that over 90%of
文摘The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,has been deteriorated due to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater to meet the demand.Thus arranging a sustainable supply of groundwater has become the most challenging task on these tiny atolls for the survival of human life. Groundwater floats in the form of thin lens,which
文摘The term"sustainable use"in this poster will be defined as"the use of groundwater that meets specific needs of the present,and can be maintained into the future,without detracting from the satisfaction of other needs in the present or future.This poster will examine the sustainable use of groundwater from recharge aquifers in the Swaziland Highveld(altitude greater than 1800 m).The aquifer system forms part of the Precambrian Basement Complex which
文摘BTEX contaminants in groundwater seriously impact the ecological environment and human health that has become one of the urgent problems needed to be solved.Due to its low density,low solubility and strong volatility,BTEX in groundwater usually form non-aqueous phase liquid(NAPL) contaminants and exist in three phases:gas,aqueous and oil phase.Air sparging(AS) is an in situ treatment technology
文摘The quality of groundwater resources needs to be assessed and monitored to ensure sustainable use and management.Groundwater-related data are characterized by inaccurate,missing values and significant uncertainties;whose sources range from inadequacies and errors in the measuring techniques to insufficient sampling times and frequencies.Uncertainties
文摘Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into a volcanic aquifer,is being conducted
