For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a uni...For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a unified model of language which in principle allows the links to be made within the same description.展开更多
2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made withou...2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made without considerations. Generally speaking, if the aim of the writer is to provide the reader with a complex structure of ideas and a complex reading experience, then complex sentences are preferred. If the writer uses a succession of simple sentences, there will be no obvious indication of relationship between the ideas conveyed in each separate sentence. Nor will there be any indication of the relative importance of the sentences. Therefore, simple sen-展开更多
This article introduces some of the main themes in CL, with special focus on the role of constructions and idioms, and the way in which constructions and idioms are motivated. It is argued that a language can, in fact...This article introduces some of the main themes in CL, with special focus on the role of constructions and idioms, and the way in which constructions and idioms are motivated. It is argued that a language can, in fact, be regarded as a very large set of idioms and constructions. This view contrasts with the more traditional view, that a language can be analyzed as a dictionary and a grammar . Some conclusions are drawn for foreign language pedagogy, and for the design of learning aids for language students.展开更多
Grammar constitutes the frame of a language,which a person communicating in that language no doubt needs to know about. Both grammar and communication are inseparable. Without internalized knowledge of grammar,the eff...Grammar constitutes the frame of a language,which a person communicating in that language no doubt needs to know about. Both grammar and communication are inseparable. Without internalized knowledge of grammar,the effectiveness to learn and to communicate in the target language may be handicapped. This paper focuses on grammar and effective communication and expounds the communicative properties of grammar from functional view.展开更多
为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Simila...为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)方法筛选代表性样本并构建炮塔造型元素的形态图表,运用形状文法推演综合评价最优的炮塔造型元素并构建元素矩阵;建立参数化形状文法规则库,基于规则推演生成多样化造型方案,借助AI工具生成由同一优先级炮塔造型元素组合的备选方案效果图。通过模糊层次分析(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,FAHP)法、感性问卷与工程约束进行多目标综合评价,筛选出最佳造型,验证了在协同几何约束与美学语义方面的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能有效生成兼具工程可行性与感性意象的炮塔造型,为陆战装备的造型设计提供了系统化、可量化的技术路径。展开更多
在科技创新快速迭代的背景下,开展负责任研究与创新(responsible research and innovation,RRI)能够预防人类跌入科技“进步陷阱”。运用制度语法学工具,廓析中央政府制定的42项RRI政策的制度轮廓,并结合目标群体社会建构与政策设计框...在科技创新快速迭代的背景下,开展负责任研究与创新(responsible research and innovation,RRI)能够预防人类跌入科技“进步陷阱”。运用制度语法学工具,廓析中央政府制定的42项RRI政策的制度轮廓,并结合目标群体社会建构与政策设计框架解析政策的规制机理。研究发现:我国政府日益重视RRI,并试图在政策设计中激发政策目标群体开展RRI的内生动力,但现有政策整体呈弱规制性,政策的贯彻落实需要多元主体配合。从制度规则的应用来看,制度规则在生物医药和人工智能这些科技发展迅猛的领域应用最多。具体而言,选择规则是政策设计中最常使用的规则类型,而其余6种制度规则的应用不充分。进一步解析政策规制机理发现,在规制类型上,通过建构优势者、依赖者、偏离者3种目标群体,打造出政策规制差序格局;在规制手段上,巧用框定、强化、修辞话语策略建构目标群体,构建出RRI框架;在规制强度上,开展宪法选择层、集体选择层、操作选择层目标群体社会建构,凝聚出政策规制强大合力。研究结论在理论方面为学者研究RRI议题提供了政策视角启示,在实践方面为学者研究RRI政策提供了制度语法学工具的方法论见解,也为我国政府更好地设计和完善RRI政策提供了理论参考,助力我国政府提升科技治理水平。展开更多
文摘For language users,meaning is the central fact about language,and meaning emerges from a seamless union of wording and context.Functional Grammar attempts to face that uncomfortable fact head-on and to establish a unified model of language which in principle allows the links to be made within the same description.
文摘2.2.3. Simple and Complex Sentences There is no general answer to the question whether a writer should use simple/one-clause sentences or complex ones. But choice between those two structures should not be made without considerations. Generally speaking, if the aim of the writer is to provide the reader with a complex structure of ideas and a complex reading experience, then complex sentences are preferred. If the writer uses a succession of simple sentences, there will be no obvious indication of relationship between the ideas conveyed in each separate sentence. Nor will there be any indication of the relative importance of the sentences. Therefore, simple sen-
文摘This article introduces some of the main themes in CL, with special focus on the role of constructions and idioms, and the way in which constructions and idioms are motivated. It is argued that a language can, in fact, be regarded as a very large set of idioms and constructions. This view contrasts with the more traditional view, that a language can be analyzed as a dictionary and a grammar . Some conclusions are drawn for foreign language pedagogy, and for the design of learning aids for language students.
文摘Grammar constitutes the frame of a language,which a person communicating in that language no doubt needs to know about. Both grammar and communication are inseparable. Without internalized knowledge of grammar,the effectiveness to learn and to communicate in the target language may be handicapped. This paper focuses on grammar and effective communication and expounds the communicative properties of grammar from functional view.
文摘为平衡坦克炮塔在工程性能与造型美学间的矛盾,提出一种基于参数化形状文法的炮塔造型感性设计方法。从物质与精神维度提取感性意象词,构建造型语义约束,用于评价坦克样本;结合逼近理想解排序(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)方法筛选代表性样本并构建炮塔造型元素的形态图表,运用形状文法推演综合评价最优的炮塔造型元素并构建元素矩阵;建立参数化形状文法规则库,基于规则推演生成多样化造型方案,借助AI工具生成由同一优先级炮塔造型元素组合的备选方案效果图。通过模糊层次分析(Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,FAHP)法、感性问卷与工程约束进行多目标综合评价,筛选出最佳造型,验证了在协同几何约束与美学语义方面的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法能有效生成兼具工程可行性与感性意象的炮塔造型,为陆战装备的造型设计提供了系统化、可量化的技术路径。
文摘在科技创新快速迭代的背景下,开展负责任研究与创新(responsible research and innovation,RRI)能够预防人类跌入科技“进步陷阱”。运用制度语法学工具,廓析中央政府制定的42项RRI政策的制度轮廓,并结合目标群体社会建构与政策设计框架解析政策的规制机理。研究发现:我国政府日益重视RRI,并试图在政策设计中激发政策目标群体开展RRI的内生动力,但现有政策整体呈弱规制性,政策的贯彻落实需要多元主体配合。从制度规则的应用来看,制度规则在生物医药和人工智能这些科技发展迅猛的领域应用最多。具体而言,选择规则是政策设计中最常使用的规则类型,而其余6种制度规则的应用不充分。进一步解析政策规制机理发现,在规制类型上,通过建构优势者、依赖者、偏离者3种目标群体,打造出政策规制差序格局;在规制手段上,巧用框定、强化、修辞话语策略建构目标群体,构建出RRI框架;在规制强度上,开展宪法选择层、集体选择层、操作选择层目标群体社会建构,凝聚出政策规制强大合力。研究结论在理论方面为学者研究RRI议题提供了政策视角启示,在实践方面为学者研究RRI政策提供了制度语法学工具的方法论见解,也为我国政府更好地设计和完善RRI政策提供了理论参考,助力我国政府提升科技治理水平。
