In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
Catalytic oxidation represents a pivotal technology for the valorization of light hydrocarbons,where oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH)and epoxidation reactions using molecular oxygen have garnered substantial interest ow...Catalytic oxidation represents a pivotal technology for the valorization of light hydrocarbons,where oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH)and epoxidation reactions using molecular oxygen have garnered substantial interest owing to their high atom economy and environmental friendliness.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes(ethane,propane)and the aerobic epoxidation of light olefins(ethylene,propylene).In terms of rational catalyst design,this review elaborates on performance regulation strategies for metal oxide catalysts such as MoVNbTeO_(x)mixed oxides,NiO-based,and V-based systems,as well as carbon/boron-based non-metal catalysts in alkane oxidative dehydrogenation,along with silver-based and copper-based catalysts in alkene epoxidation.These strategies include regulating the oxidation state of active sites,strong metal-support interactions,particle size and crystal facet engineering,and promoter modification.At the mechanistic level,combining density functional theory calculations with in situ characterization techniques,this review delves into the C-H bond activation and alkene desorption pathways in oxidative dehydrogenation,along with the oxygen insertion routes and competing side reactions in epoxidation.Special attention is given to the dynamic evolution of electrophilic and nucleophilic oxygen species and their decisive role in reaction selectivity.Finally,the review outlines persistent challenges in the field,including suppressing over-oxidation and overcoming the trade-off between conversion and selectivity and proposes future research directions such as the precise design of active centers,development of inherently safer processes,and in-depth analysis of complex reaction networks,aiming to support the green transition of the chemical industry.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
This study develops a contact performance-driven method for skiving face gear drives using a single cutter,eliminating the traditional need for separate cutters to reduce production costs and time.First,the mathematic...This study develops a contact performance-driven method for skiving face gear drives using a single cutter,eliminating the traditional need for separate cutters to reduce production costs and time.First,the mathematical models of the tooth flanks for the face gear drives are established based on the gear skiving processes.Then,load tooth contact analysis(LTCA)model is established to calculate the contact performance data.Next,a two-stage optimization model is employed to determine the optimal parameters of the cutting edge with improved contact performances.The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and rolling tests.Compared with the traditional method,the proposed method can machine both the face gear and its mating pinion with a single cutter.Simulation results show that the proposed method avoids tooth surface edge contact,with the maximum tooth surface contact stress reduced by 31.7%,the contact ratio decreases by 21.5%,and the transmission error increases by 22.3%.Rolling tests verify the consistency of tooth surface contact patterns between simulations and experiments.The proposed method provides a reference for the cutting edge design of skiving cutters for face gear pairs.展开更多
As the mining industry continues to expand and international oil prices increase,more rigorous demands are being placed on the design of mining equipment.Given this,there is an urgent need to develop new power-driven ...As the mining industry continues to expand and international oil prices increase,more rigorous demands are being placed on the design of mining equipment.Given this,there is an urgent need to develop new power-driven mining equipment to solve the problems of high energy consumption and insufficient power coupling of current equipment.This study proposed a design of a hybrid power system for underground Load Haul Dump(LHD).The proposed design integrated Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ).It identified 7 user requirements and 10 related technical features,formulated 11 innovative design solutions,and ultimately adopting an electric drive hybrid power scheme.This scheme effectively addressesd power transmission coupling problems and improve the efficiency of loaders.A 6 m³hybrid power loader prototype has been developed,which reduces operational energy consumption and advances the electrification and green,low-carbon evolution of mining equipment.展开更多
In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still rel...In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.展开更多
Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potentia...Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.展开更多
The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the rel...The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.展开更多
In the printing industry,vacuum pumps play a critical role in sheet feeding and gripping processes.In order to improve the efficiency of vacuum pumps,By analyzing the internal flow field of the vane type vacuum pump,t...In the printing industry,vacuum pumps play a critical role in sheet feeding and gripping processes.In order to improve the efficiency of vacuum pumps,By analyzing the internal flow field of the vane type vacuum pump,the CFD method was used to simulate the internal flow field of the air pump,and it was found that a main vortex was formed near the rotor of the trailing blade.Based on this observation,a new rotor shape design was proposed in this study,which design places arc-shaped depressed on the circumference of the rotor where the main vortex forms.The existence of the depression facilitated forward motion of the main airflow and thus effectively restricting reverse flow.Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed design is able to decrease pressure-induced torque load on the pump,and the reduction increases for an increasing operating speed.For all three operating speeds tested,the reduction in pressure-induced torque ranges from 5%to up to 10%comparing to the original pump.展开更多
In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-p...In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.展开更多
The reverse design of solid rocket motor(SRM)propellant grain involves determining the grain geometry to closely match a predefined internal ballistic curve.While existing reverse design methods are feasible,they ofte...The reverse design of solid rocket motor(SRM)propellant grain involves determining the grain geometry to closely match a predefined internal ballistic curve.While existing reverse design methods are feasible,they often face challenges such as lengthy computation times and limited accuracy.To achieve rapid and accurate matching between the targeted ballistic curve and complex grain shape,this paper proposes a novel reverse design method for SRM propellant grain based on time-series data imaging and convolutional neural network(CNN).First,a finocyl grain shape-internal ballistic curve dataset is created using parametric modeling techniques to comprehensively cover the design space.Next,the internal ballistic time-series data is encoded into three-channel images,establishing a potential relationship between the ballistic curves and their image representations.A CNN is then constructed and trained using these encoded images.Once trained,the model enables efficient inference of propellant grain dimensions from a target internal ballistic curve.This paper conducts comparative experiments across various neural network models,validating the effectiveness of the feature extraction method that transforms internal ballistic time-series data into images,as well as its generalization capability across different CNN architectures.Ignition tests were performed based on the predicted propellant grain.The results demonstrate that the relative error between the experimental internal ballistic curves and the target curves is less than 5%,confirming the validity and feasibility of the proposed reverse design methodology.展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel unimodular sequence design algorithm based on the coordinate descent(CD)algorithm,aimed at countering electronic surveillance(ES)systems based on cyclostationary analysis.Our algorithm...In this paper,we present a novel unimodular sequence design algorithm based on the coordinate descent(CD)algorithm,aimed at countering electronic surveillance(ES)systems based on cyclostationary analysis.Our algorithm not only provides resistance against cyclostationary analysis(CSA)but also maintains low integrated sidelobe(ISL)characteristics.Initially,we derive the expression of the cyclostationary feature(CSF)detector and simplify it into an iterative quadratic form.Additionally,we derive a quadratic form to ensure the similarity of the autocorrelation sidelobes.To balance the minimization of the detection probability and the ISL values,we introduce a Pareto scalar that transforms the multiobjective optimization problem into a convex combination of objective functions.This approach allows us to find an optimal trade-off between the two objectives.Finally,we propose a monotonic algorithm based on the CD algorithm to counter CSA analysis.This algorithm efficiently solves the optimization problem mentioned earlier.Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.展开更多
Low sidelobe waveform can reduce mutual masking between targets and increase the detection probability of weak targets.A low sidelobe waveform design method based on complementary amplitude coding(CAC)is proposed in t...Low sidelobe waveform can reduce mutual masking between targets and increase the detection probability of weak targets.A low sidelobe waveform design method based on complementary amplitude coding(CAC)is proposed in this paper,which can be used to reduce the sidelobe level of multiple waveforms.First,the CAC model is constructed.Then,the waveform design problem is transformed into a nonlinear optimization problem by constructing an objective function using the two indicators of peak-to-sidelobe ratio(PSLR)and integrated sidelobe ratio(ISLR).Finally,genetic algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization problem to get the best CAC waveforms.Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt suppo...The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt support is very important to the safety control of surrounding rock as a common support means.The control mechanism and design method of bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is carried out.The calculation method of bolt prestress and length based on arched failure and collapsed failure mode is established.The influence mechanism of different influencing factors on the bolt prestress and length is clarified.At the same time,the constant resistance energy-absorbing bolt with high strength and high toughness is developed,and the comparative test of mechanical properties is carried out.On this basis,the design method of high prestressed bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is put forward,and the field test is carried out in Qingdao metro station in China.The monitoring results show that the maximum roof settlement is 6.8 mm after the new design method is adopted,and the effective control of the shallow-buried large-span caverns is realized.The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety control of shallow-buried large-span caverns.展开更多
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278441,22478452,21808244)。
文摘Catalytic oxidation represents a pivotal technology for the valorization of light hydrocarbons,where oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH)and epoxidation reactions using molecular oxygen have garnered substantial interest owing to their high atom economy and environmental friendliness.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes(ethane,propane)and the aerobic epoxidation of light olefins(ethylene,propylene).In terms of rational catalyst design,this review elaborates on performance regulation strategies for metal oxide catalysts such as MoVNbTeO_(x)mixed oxides,NiO-based,and V-based systems,as well as carbon/boron-based non-metal catalysts in alkane oxidative dehydrogenation,along with silver-based and copper-based catalysts in alkene epoxidation.These strategies include regulating the oxidation state of active sites,strong metal-support interactions,particle size and crystal facet engineering,and promoter modification.At the mechanistic level,combining density functional theory calculations with in situ characterization techniques,this review delves into the C-H bond activation and alkene desorption pathways in oxidative dehydrogenation,along with the oxygen insertion routes and competing side reactions in epoxidation.Special attention is given to the dynamic evolution of electrophilic and nucleophilic oxygen species and their decisive role in reaction selectivity.Finally,the review outlines persistent challenges in the field,including suppressing over-oxidation and overcoming the trade-off between conversion and selectivity and proposes future research directions such as the precise design of active centers,development of inherently safer processes,and in-depth analysis of complex reaction networks,aiming to support the green transition of the chemical industry.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
基金Project(2024YFB3410402)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(52075558)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(2021RC3012)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023CXQD050)supported by the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Program,ChinaProject(CX20230255)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘This study develops a contact performance-driven method for skiving face gear drives using a single cutter,eliminating the traditional need for separate cutters to reduce production costs and time.First,the mathematical models of the tooth flanks for the face gear drives are established based on the gear skiving processes.Then,load tooth contact analysis(LTCA)model is established to calculate the contact performance data.Next,a two-stage optimization model is employed to determine the optimal parameters of the cutting edge with improved contact performances.The effectiveness of this method is validated through simulations and rolling tests.Compared with the traditional method,the proposed method can machine both the face gear and its mating pinion with a single cutter.Simulation results show that the proposed method avoids tooth surface edge contact,with the maximum tooth surface contact stress reduced by 31.7%,the contact ratio decreases by 21.5%,and the transmission error increases by 22.3%.Rolling tests verify the consistency of tooth surface contact patterns between simulations and experiments.The proposed method provides a reference for the cutting edge design of skiving cutters for face gear pairs.
文摘As the mining industry continues to expand and international oil prices increase,more rigorous demands are being placed on the design of mining equipment.Given this,there is an urgent need to develop new power-driven mining equipment to solve the problems of high energy consumption and insufficient power coupling of current equipment.This study proposed a design of a hybrid power system for underground Load Haul Dump(LHD).The proposed design integrated Quality Function Deployment(QFD)and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ).It identified 7 user requirements and 10 related technical features,formulated 11 innovative design solutions,and ultimately adopting an electric drive hybrid power scheme.This scheme effectively addressesd power transmission coupling problems and improve the efficiency of loaders.A 6 m³hybrid power loader prototype has been developed,which reduces operational energy consumption and advances the electrification and green,low-carbon evolution of mining equipment.
基金2024 Science and Technology Commissioner Service Group's Emergency Science and Technology Research Project for Wind Disaster Relief in Hainan Province(ZDYF2024YJGG002-8)China Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.Headquarters Technology Project,Optimization of Photovoltaic Vegetable Greenhouse Structure and Research on Planting Agronomy in Tropical Regions(HNKJ22-HF77)。
文摘In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.
文摘Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Universities in Fujian Province(FBJY20230167).
文摘The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.
文摘In the printing industry,vacuum pumps play a critical role in sheet feeding and gripping processes.In order to improve the efficiency of vacuum pumps,By analyzing the internal flow field of the vane type vacuum pump,the CFD method was used to simulate the internal flow field of the air pump,and it was found that a main vortex was formed near the rotor of the trailing blade.Based on this observation,a new rotor shape design was proposed in this study,which design places arc-shaped depressed on the circumference of the rotor where the main vortex forms.The existence of the depression facilitated forward motion of the main airflow and thus effectively restricting reverse flow.Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed design is able to decrease pressure-induced torque load on the pump,and the reduction increases for an increasing operating speed.For all three operating speeds tested,the reduction in pressure-induced torque ranges from 5%to up to 10%comparing to the original pump.
文摘In order to accurately forecast the main engine fuel consumption and reduce the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI)of merchant ships in polar ice areas,the energy transfer relationship between ship-machine-propeller is studied by analyzing the complex force situation during ship navigation and building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform based on multi-environmental resistance,propeller efficiency,main engine power,fuel consumption,fuel consumption rate and EEOI calculation module.Considering the environmental factors of wind,wave and ice,the route is divided into sections,the calculation of main engine power,main engine fuel consumption and EEOI for each section is completed,and the speed design is optimized based on the simulation model for each section.Under the requirements of the voyage plan,the optimization results show that the energy efficiency operation index of the whole route is reduced by 3.114%and the fuel consumption is reduced by 9.17 t.
文摘The reverse design of solid rocket motor(SRM)propellant grain involves determining the grain geometry to closely match a predefined internal ballistic curve.While existing reverse design methods are feasible,they often face challenges such as lengthy computation times and limited accuracy.To achieve rapid and accurate matching between the targeted ballistic curve and complex grain shape,this paper proposes a novel reverse design method for SRM propellant grain based on time-series data imaging and convolutional neural network(CNN).First,a finocyl grain shape-internal ballistic curve dataset is created using parametric modeling techniques to comprehensively cover the design space.Next,the internal ballistic time-series data is encoded into three-channel images,establishing a potential relationship between the ballistic curves and their image representations.A CNN is then constructed and trained using these encoded images.Once trained,the model enables efficient inference of propellant grain dimensions from a target internal ballistic curve.This paper conducts comparative experiments across various neural network models,validating the effectiveness of the feature extraction method that transforms internal ballistic time-series data into images,as well as its generalization capability across different CNN architectures.Ignition tests were performed based on the predicted propellant grain.The results demonstrate that the relative error between the experimental internal ballistic curves and the target curves is less than 5%,confirming the validity and feasibility of the proposed reverse design methodology.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers 62101570 and 61901494financial support has played a crucial role in the successful completion of this research.
文摘In this paper,we present a novel unimodular sequence design algorithm based on the coordinate descent(CD)algorithm,aimed at countering electronic surveillance(ES)systems based on cyclostationary analysis.Our algorithm not only provides resistance against cyclostationary analysis(CSA)but also maintains low integrated sidelobe(ISL)characteristics.Initially,we derive the expression of the cyclostationary feature(CSF)detector and simplify it into an iterative quadratic form.Additionally,we derive a quadratic form to ensure the similarity of the autocorrelation sidelobes.To balance the minimization of the detection probability and the ISL values,we introduce a Pareto scalar that transforms the multiobjective optimization problem into a convex combination of objective functions.This approach allows us to find an optimal trade-off between the two objectives.Finally,we propose a monotonic algorithm based on the CD algorithm to counter CSA analysis.This algorithm efficiently solves the optimization problem mentioned earlier.Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001481,61890542)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40686).
文摘Low sidelobe waveform can reduce mutual masking between targets and increase the detection probability of weak targets.A low sidelobe waveform design method based on complementary amplitude coding(CAC)is proposed in this paper,which can be used to reduce the sidelobe level of multiple waveforms.First,the CAC model is constructed.Then,the waveform design problem is transformed into a nonlinear optimization problem by constructing an objective function using the two indicators of peak-to-sidelobe ratio(PSLR)and integrated sidelobe ratio(ISLR).Finally,genetic algorithm(GA)is used to solve the optimization problem to get the best CAC waveforms.Simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金Project(2023YFC3805700) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(42477166,42277174) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(2024JCCXSB01) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(KFJJ24-01M) supported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,ChinaProject(HLCX-2024-04) supported by the Open Foundation of Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources,China。
文摘The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt support is very important to the safety control of surrounding rock as a common support means.The control mechanism and design method of bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is carried out.The calculation method of bolt prestress and length based on arched failure and collapsed failure mode is established.The influence mechanism of different influencing factors on the bolt prestress and length is clarified.At the same time,the constant resistance energy-absorbing bolt with high strength and high toughness is developed,and the comparative test of mechanical properties is carried out.On this basis,the design method of high prestressed bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is put forward,and the field test is carried out in Qingdao metro station in China.The monitoring results show that the maximum roof settlement is 6.8 mm after the new design method is adopted,and the effective control of the shallow-buried large-span caverns is realized.The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety control of shallow-buried large-span caverns.
