In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon ...In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.展开更多
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influenc...Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influence of BCDOM on soil organisms has not been clearly explained.Hence,this review aims to discuss the factors affecting BCDOM and its interaction with soil substances including organic pollutants,heavy metals,and microorganisms.Results displayed that the quantity of BCDOM ranges from 0.17 to 37.03 mg/g,which was influenced by feedstock,preparation methods of biochar,and extraction methods.With the decrease in lignin content of feedstocks,carbonization temperature,and acidity of extraction solution,the content of BCDOM increased.Through complexation and adsorption,protein-like components in BCDOM interact with heavy metals,promoting the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals onto biochar.Furthermore,BCDOM enhances the adsorption of organic pollutants by biochar throughπ−πinteractions,hydrogen bonding,and redox processes.More importantly,BCDOM promotes plant growth by enhancing microbial activities,providing nutrients,and improving soil properties.However,the transport and fate of BCDOM in soil have not been well studied,and more researches are needed to explore the interaction mechanisms between BCDOM and soil organisms.展开更多
Lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)are widely recognized as common environmental contaminants,contributing to soil degradation and posing risks to environmental health.Combining functional carbon-based materials with microorganisms ...Lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)are widely recognized as common environmental contaminants,contributing to soil degradation and posing risks to environmental health.Combining functional carbon-based materials with microorganisms has been considered as an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for remediating Pb/Zn-contaminated soil.However,there is still a lack of understanding the connection between heavy metal immobilization and plant responses,which hampers practical applications.Here,a 90-day pot experiment was conducted to investigate the integrated effects of biochar(WS700)and microorganisms including inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(IPSB)and sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)on Pb and Zn synchronous immobilization and the physiological responses of Brassica rapa var.chinensis(Brassica).Compared with CK,bacteria-loaded biochar treatment declined the exchangeable Pb and Zn fraction by 94.69%−98.37%and 94.55%−99.52%,while increasing the residual state Pb and Zn by 75.50%−208.58%and 96.71%−110.85%,respectively.Three amendments enhanced Brassica growth by improving total chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities.The bacteria-loaded biochar treatment effectively regulated stomatal conductance and reduced intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Moreover,compared with CK,three amendments reduced MDA content by 28.84%,28.30%and 41.60%,respectively,under the high concentration of Pb and Zn.The findings demonstrated the significant role of bacterial-biochar consortia in immobilizing Pb and Zn and mitigating Pb and Zn-induced stress in plants by regulating photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities.展开更多
Long term tillage in mollisol of Northeast China has led to an inhomogeneous distribution of soil organic matter content.Biochar,a carbon material,changes the soil carbon pool and physical-chemical characteristics aft...Long term tillage in mollisol of Northeast China has led to an inhomogeneous distribution of soil organic matter content.Biochar,a carbon material,changes the soil carbon pool and physical-chemical characteristics after adding to the soil.However,the mechanism remains unclear for the relation between the soil organic matter level and biochar amount.So,the soil physical and chemical properties and soybean growth in a two-year pot experiment were detected at three levels of soil organic matter and three biochar additions(0,1%and 10%).The difference was found in two biochar application rates.The 1%biochar addition had no positive effect on the soil chemical properties based the two-year experiment.However,10%biochar application significantly increased the soil water content(8.0%-39.7%),the total porosity(9.7%-21.3%),pH(0.26-0.84 unit),organic matter content(89.0%-261.2%),and the available potassium content(29.0%-109.1%).The biomass of soybean increased by 19.4%-78.1%after biochar addition,yet,the soil bulk density reduced at the range of 12.6%-26.0%by 10%biochar addition.Only the 100-grain weight was correlated to the interaction of biochar and the native soil organic matter.All the indicators showed that the interaction between biochar and soil organic matter level was weak in mollisol.The effects of biochar on the physical-chemical properties relied on its amount.When biochar is applied to the soil,the amount of biochar should be considered rather than the native soil organic matter level.展开更多
Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between phy...Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between physical properties and LOC fractions. A field positioning experiment was performed in Mollisols region of Northeast China to evaluate the influence of maize stalk biochar on the spatial distribution and temporal changes of physical properties and LOC fractions. Maize stalk biochar treatments included C1(1.5 kg·hm^(-2)), C2(3 kg·hm^(-2)), C3(15 kg·hm^(-2)), C4(30 kg·hm^(-2)), and CK(0). The results showed that maize stalk biochar increased soil water contents(SWC) and soil porosity(SP), but reduced bulk density(BD). Maize stalk biochar reduced dissolved organic carbon(DOC) contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer, ranging from 0.25 g·kg^(-1) to 0.31 g·kg^(-1) in harvest period, while increased in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In addition, the application of biochar had a significant impact on the spatial distribution and temporal change of SWC, BD, SP, DOC, hot-water extractable carbon(HWC), acid hydrolyzed organic carbon(AHC Ⅰ, Ⅱ), and readily oxidized organic carbon(ROC). High amounts of maize stalk biochar up-regulated the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, HWC, AHC Ⅰ, AHC Ⅱ, and ROC. In addition, SWC and SP were the key physical factors to affect LOC fractions. In conclusions, maize stalk biochar could improve physical properties, and then influence LOC fractions, and maize stalk biochar could be used as an organic amendment for restoring degraded soils governed by their rates of addition.展开更多
以真空冷冻干燥预处理后的污水污泥(VFD-SS)为生物质前体,通过一步水热炭化制备了镧改性磁性污泥生物炭(VFD-MSBC)用于吸附水中磷酸盐,实现污泥的处理及资源化利用。Box-Behnken响应面实验分析了不同因素及其交互作用对磷吸附量的影响,...以真空冷冻干燥预处理后的污水污泥(VFD-SS)为生物质前体,通过一步水热炭化制备了镧改性磁性污泥生物炭(VFD-MSBC)用于吸附水中磷酸盐,实现污泥的处理及资源化利用。Box-Behnken响应面实验分析了不同因素及其交互作用对磷吸附量的影响,得到最佳制备工艺条件为:1.05 g VFD-SS、0.069 g C_(6)H_(8)O_(6)、1.05 g FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O、1.906 g LaCl_(3)·6H_(2)O;水热反应条件为:168℃,4.6 h。在此条件下制备的VFD-MSBC磷吸附量为39.4454 mg/g,与模型预测值的相对偏差<5%。生物炭的表征分析结果证明了La(OH)_(3)的成功负载,同时发现真空冷冻干燥预处理改变了污泥生物质与生物炭的物理化学性质,使VFD-MSBC具有更高的磷吸附性能。展开更多
为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240...为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240-180-200 kg/hm^(2),F2:180-135-150 kg/hm^(2))及基质中4个生物炭添加量(B0:0,B1:1%,B3:3%,B5:5%),共16组处理,研究水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)、植株养分(全氮、全钾、有机碳)吸收量、化学计量特征(氮钾比、碳氮比)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、硝酸盐含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比)的影响,揭示炭基质栽培番茄产量及品质的关键驱动因子,构建以番茄产量、品质及其关键驱动因子为目标的熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,提出水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。结果表明:炭基质对番茄LAI、SPAD值、养分吸收量、产量及品质影响显著(P<0.05);在相同灌溉和施肥条件下,炭基质增加了番茄整株钾吸收量、整株碳同化量、产量及维生素C含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;基于结构方程模型,番茄整株碳同化量是产量的关键驱动因子,其增加有助于提高番茄产量,氮钾比是品质的关键驱动因子,其降低有助于改善番茄品质;采用熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,筛选出I_(1)F_(2)B_(3)处理是水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。研究可为农业废弃物高效利用及高品质果蔬的水肥炭有效管理提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest in China(201503119-06-01)。
文摘In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.
基金Project(2020YFC1908802)supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China。
文摘Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influence of BCDOM on soil organisms has not been clearly explained.Hence,this review aims to discuss the factors affecting BCDOM and its interaction with soil substances including organic pollutants,heavy metals,and microorganisms.Results displayed that the quantity of BCDOM ranges from 0.17 to 37.03 mg/g,which was influenced by feedstock,preparation methods of biochar,and extraction methods.With the decrease in lignin content of feedstocks,carbonization temperature,and acidity of extraction solution,the content of BCDOM increased.Through complexation and adsorption,protein-like components in BCDOM interact with heavy metals,promoting the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals onto biochar.Furthermore,BCDOM enhances the adsorption of organic pollutants by biochar throughπ−πinteractions,hydrogen bonding,and redox processes.More importantly,BCDOM promotes plant growth by enhancing microbial activities,providing nutrients,and improving soil properties.However,the transport and fate of BCDOM in soil have not been well studied,and more researches are needed to explore the interaction mechanisms between BCDOM and soil organisms.
基金Projects(2019NY-200,2020ZDLNY06-06,2020ZDLNY07-10)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(2019YFC1803604)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘Lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)are widely recognized as common environmental contaminants,contributing to soil degradation and posing risks to environmental health.Combining functional carbon-based materials with microorganisms has been considered as an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for remediating Pb/Zn-contaminated soil.However,there is still a lack of understanding the connection between heavy metal immobilization and plant responses,which hampers practical applications.Here,a 90-day pot experiment was conducted to investigate the integrated effects of biochar(WS700)and microorganisms including inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(IPSB)and sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)on Pb and Zn synchronous immobilization and the physiological responses of Brassica rapa var.chinensis(Brassica).Compared with CK,bacteria-loaded biochar treatment declined the exchangeable Pb and Zn fraction by 94.69%−98.37%and 94.55%−99.52%,while increasing the residual state Pb and Zn by 75.50%−208.58%and 96.71%−110.85%,respectively.Three amendments enhanced Brassica growth by improving total chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities.The bacteria-loaded biochar treatment effectively regulated stomatal conductance and reduced intercellular CO_(2) concentration.Moreover,compared with CK,three amendments reduced MDA content by 28.84%,28.30%and 41.60%,respectively,under the high concentration of Pb and Zn.The findings demonstrated the significant role of bacterial-biochar consortia in immobilizing Pb and Zn and mitigating Pb and Zn-induced stress in plants by regulating photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund(41301316,32172072)the Project of Nature Scientific Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2021C025)Open Project of Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Physiological Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Regions of the Ministry of Education(CXSTOP2021008)。
文摘Long term tillage in mollisol of Northeast China has led to an inhomogeneous distribution of soil organic matter content.Biochar,a carbon material,changes the soil carbon pool and physical-chemical characteristics after adding to the soil.However,the mechanism remains unclear for the relation between the soil organic matter level and biochar amount.So,the soil physical and chemical properties and soybean growth in a two-year pot experiment were detected at three levels of soil organic matter and three biochar additions(0,1%and 10%).The difference was found in two biochar application rates.The 1%biochar addition had no positive effect on the soil chemical properties based the two-year experiment.However,10%biochar application significantly increased the soil water content(8.0%-39.7%),the total porosity(9.7%-21.3%),pH(0.26-0.84 unit),organic matter content(89.0%-261.2%),and the available potassium content(29.0%-109.1%).The biomass of soybean increased by 19.4%-78.1%after biochar addition,yet,the soil bulk density reduced at the range of 12.6%-26.0%by 10%biochar addition.Only the 100-grain weight was correlated to the interaction of biochar and the native soil organic matter.All the indicators showed that the interaction between biochar and soil organic matter level was weak in mollisol.The effects of biochar on the physical-chemical properties relied on its amount.When biochar is applied to the soil,the amount of biochar should be considered rather than the native soil organic matter level.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(31770582)。
文摘Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between physical properties and LOC fractions. A field positioning experiment was performed in Mollisols region of Northeast China to evaluate the influence of maize stalk biochar on the spatial distribution and temporal changes of physical properties and LOC fractions. Maize stalk biochar treatments included C1(1.5 kg·hm^(-2)), C2(3 kg·hm^(-2)), C3(15 kg·hm^(-2)), C4(30 kg·hm^(-2)), and CK(0). The results showed that maize stalk biochar increased soil water contents(SWC) and soil porosity(SP), but reduced bulk density(BD). Maize stalk biochar reduced dissolved organic carbon(DOC) contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer, ranging from 0.25 g·kg^(-1) to 0.31 g·kg^(-1) in harvest period, while increased in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In addition, the application of biochar had a significant impact on the spatial distribution and temporal change of SWC, BD, SP, DOC, hot-water extractable carbon(HWC), acid hydrolyzed organic carbon(AHC Ⅰ, Ⅱ), and readily oxidized organic carbon(ROC). High amounts of maize stalk biochar up-regulated the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, HWC, AHC Ⅰ, AHC Ⅱ, and ROC. In addition, SWC and SP were the key physical factors to affect LOC fractions. In conclusions, maize stalk biochar could improve physical properties, and then influence LOC fractions, and maize stalk biochar could be used as an organic amendment for restoring degraded soils governed by their rates of addition.
文摘以真空冷冻干燥预处理后的污水污泥(VFD-SS)为生物质前体,通过一步水热炭化制备了镧改性磁性污泥生物炭(VFD-MSBC)用于吸附水中磷酸盐,实现污泥的处理及资源化利用。Box-Behnken响应面实验分析了不同因素及其交互作用对磷吸附量的影响,得到最佳制备工艺条件为:1.05 g VFD-SS、0.069 g C_(6)H_(8)O_(6)、1.05 g FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O、1.906 g LaCl_(3)·6H_(2)O;水热反应条件为:168℃,4.6 h。在此条件下制备的VFD-MSBC磷吸附量为39.4454 mg/g,与模型预测值的相对偏差<5%。生物炭的表征分析结果证明了La(OH)_(3)的成功负载,同时发现真空冷冻干燥预处理改变了污泥生物质与生物炭的物理化学性质,使VFD-MSBC具有更高的磷吸附性能。
文摘为明晰水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄产量品质的提升效应,将生物炭混掺到由酒糟、秸秆等农业废弃物拌制成的基质模块中,设置2个灌溉量(I_(1):100%ET_(c),I_(2):80%ET_(c),ET_(c)为作物蒸发蒸腾量),2个施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)(F_(1):240-180-200 kg/hm^(2),F2:180-135-150 kg/hm^(2))及基质中4个生物炭添加量(B0:0,B1:1%,B3:3%,B5:5%),共16组处理,研究水肥耦合对炭基质栽培番茄叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)、植株养分(全氮、全钾、有机碳)吸收量、化学计量特征(氮钾比、碳氮比)、产量及品质(可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、硝酸盐含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比)的影响,揭示炭基质栽培番茄产量及品质的关键驱动因子,构建以番茄产量、品质及其关键驱动因子为目标的熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,提出水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。结果表明:炭基质对番茄LAI、SPAD值、养分吸收量、产量及品质影响显著(P<0.05);在相同灌溉和施肥条件下,炭基质增加了番茄整株钾吸收量、整株碳同化量、产量及维生素C含量,降低了硝酸盐含量;基于结构方程模型,番茄整株碳同化量是产量的关键驱动因子,其增加有助于提高番茄产量,氮钾比是品质的关键驱动因子,其降低有助于改善番茄品质;采用熵权-TOPSIS多目标综合评价模型,筛选出I_(1)F_(2)B_(3)处理是水肥与炭基质耦合的最优方案。研究可为农业废弃物高效利用及高品质果蔬的水肥炭有效管理提供理论依据。
