Interlanguage Fossilization is a thorny obstacle to learners in second language acquisition process. Based on data collected from non-English major undergraduates in Hubei University of Economics (HBUE), this paper ca...Interlanguage Fossilization is a thorny obstacle to learners in second language acquisition process. Based on data collected from non-English major undergraduates in Hubei University of Economics (HBUE), this paper carries out an empirical study on students'fossilized errors in the learning process, and aims to explore fossilization causes and propose de-fossilization techniques so as to improve students'language learning.展开更多
The main causes of the vocational college students' oral fossilization summarized in the thesis are as follows:negative transfer of the native language,overgeneralization,communication strategies blockage.
This thesis sets out to classify the fossilized errors made by the subjects from lexical and syntactic levels respectively,through the empirical experiment and questionnaire.
English writing is the college students’synthetical application about the knowledge of English.English writing,however,is the weak segment of the college students'English learning all the time.Based on the resear...English writing is the college students’synthetical application about the knowledge of English.English writing,however,is the weak segment of the college students'English learning all the time.Based on the researches home and abroad,the paper makes an implicational study on interlanguage fossilization in English writing of Chinese college students.Though probing the causes of fossilization in English writing,the paper proposes some measures to reduce the fossilization.In the chapter one,the paper introduces simply the interlanguage fossilization.In the chapter two,the paper analyzes college students English writing and get the causal factors of fossilization:unfavorite learning motivation of students,ineffective feedback to errors,interference of the mother tongue.Then,at the last chapter,the paper put up some measures to overcome and avoid the fossilization in college students'English writing:promoting students'motivation,providing right feedback,avoiding mother tongue interference.展开更多
Fossilization was first proposed by the famous British linguist Larry Selinker in his article Interlanguage in 1972.NonEnglish majors make many lexical errors in the process of English writings in universities.Therefo...Fossilization was first proposed by the famous British linguist Larry Selinker in his article Interlanguage in 1972.NonEnglish majors make many lexical errors in the process of English writings in universities.Therefore,their writing levels may reach a plateau and fail to make progress.Once English vocabulary is fossilized,it will prevent the development of students' writing competence.Inspired and stimulated by the observation of lexical errors in the university,the author intends to explore effective and feasible methods of dispelling lexical fossilization from the perspective of the theories of prototype and basic-level category and tries to provide a useful supplement in this area.展开更多
Fossilization is complex,repeated and durative,it appears in various aspects of Interlanguage like phonetics,syntax and semantics.College English vocabulary learning stage is an obvious period of lexical fossilization...Fossilization is complex,repeated and durative,it appears in various aspects of Interlanguage like phonetics,syntax and semantics.College English vocabulary learning stage is an obvious period of lexical fossilization.This paper mainly uses qualitative research method to analyze dispelling lexical fossilization of Chinese college students based on iconicity of Langacker’s grammar,with the purpose of improving the“quantity”and“quality”of English vocabulary of Chinese college students and offering some pedagogical proposals to improve English vocabulary teaching effect of college students.展开更多
This paper on the basis of former studies and researches has analyzed fossilization particularly oral fossilization. Further more, this paper has analyzed the reasons of fossilization and at the same time put forward ...This paper on the basis of former studies and researches has analyzed fossilization particularly oral fossilization. Further more, this paper has analyzed the reasons of fossilization and at the same time put forward some tentative solutions to reduce or avoid fossilization. Hope that this paper can offer some help for both the second language learners and teachers.展开更多
It's common that non-English major students meet fossilization in their English study. The author focused on the fossilization of non-English major students' spoken English and wrote this article in four parts...It's common that non-English major students meet fossilization in their English study. The author focused on the fossilization of non-English major students' spoken English and wrote this article in four parts. Firstly,give the recent research on fossilization; secondly,state the main problems in non-English major students' oral English presentation; thirdly,analyze the reasons of this phenomenon; lastly,give a conclusion.展开更多
In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties a...In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties and hypotheses from definition to de-fos?silization. This essay mainly focuses on complicated causes for fossilization.展开更多
The fossilization of interlanguage has long been a universal problem in foreign language learning and teaching, thus winning the concerns of foreign teachers and researchers. The paper analyzes the causes of this phen...The fossilization of interlanguage has long been a universal problem in foreign language learning and teaching, thus winning the concerns of foreign teachers and researchers. The paper analyzes the causes of this phenomenon which is expected to be beneficial to oral English teaching of growing cadre students in military academy, and then gives some suggestions in their oral English teaching, combining with the characteristics of growing cadre students' English learning.展开更多
Fossilization is one of the hottest issues in the study of second language acquisition, which is a common problem that bothers second language learners. This paper starts from the classification of fossilization and a...Fossilization is one of the hottest issues in the study of second language acquisition, which is a common problem that bothers second language learners. This paper starts from the classification of fossilization and analyzes its causes with an attempt to find the methods to reduce its impact on second language acquisition.展开更多
During the process of language acquisition, interlanguage fossilization is a common phenomenon among second language learners. Based on Vygotskian approaches, this paper looks at the causes of interlanguage fossilizat...During the process of language acquisition, interlanguage fossilization is a common phenomenon among second language learners. Based on Vygotskian approaches, this paper looks at the causes of interlanguage fossilization, including social identity, learners' motivation, the influence of one's mother tongue and learning styles. By vividly incorporating my own language learning experience, this paper intends to explain how theory can be applied to practice; thereby attempting to shed light on second language learning and teaching. In conclusion, this paper suggests that teachers should get to know their students by paying attention to the most influential factors and encourage interpersonal interaction.展开更多
This article mainly expounds the understanding of fossilization in the process of second language acquisition(SLA),discusses the causes of fossilization phenomena and their manifestations,and discusses the overall and...This article mainly expounds the understanding of fossilization in the process of second language acquisition(SLA),discusses the causes of fossilization phenomena and their manifestations,and discusses the overall and local concepts of fossilization,whether they are process or product,whether they are stabilization or not.Real fossilization whether they can be avoided or elimi⁃nated,is analyzed.At the same time,this article proposes to treat fossilization problems from the perspective of overall cognition.Teachers should correct some of the fossilization manifestations or stabilization in the second language learners during their learning,fundamentally provide correct instruction.Possibly eliminate stabilization or fossilization effects to help improve learners'ability to learn and master foreign languages.展开更多
In foreign language teaching,it has always been found that there are many language learners whose second language(L2)level remains stagnant or even becomes worse no matter how hard they try.However,this may not relate...In foreign language teaching,it has always been found that there are many language learners whose second language(L2)level remains stagnant or even becomes worse no matter how hard they try.However,this may not relate to their attention given to language but to interlanguage fossilization,which results from various causes,is ubiquitous in second language acquisition(SLA)and foreign language learning.This paper,based on the empirical evidence of language learning and acquisition,probes into the nature and characteristics of interlanguage,analyzes the main causes of fossilization,and discusses pedagogical implications for avoiding fossilization in English language learning.展开更多
On the last three decades or so, the phenomenon of fossilization became a matter of great concern in the field of Second Language Acquisition research. Attempts were made in different disciplines to find out the cause...On the last three decades or so, the phenomenon of fossilization became a matter of great concern in the field of Second Language Acquisition research. Attempts were made in different disciplines to find out the causes of the fossilization. In view of the causes,this article discusses why reading is a reliable way for fossilization in the age of Information and how to help students overcome the phenomenon of fossilization from the angle of reading.It also strenthens the input of language information by the way of reading literary works to avoid the repetition of lower level language.Finally,the article provides several effective ways to improve reading abilities and then improve the phenomenon of fossilization.展开更多
Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is a crucial technology for achieving carbon neutrality,but it faces significant challenges.Despite substantial investments and policy support,CCUS projects have underperfor...Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is a crucial technology for achieving carbon neutrality,but it faces significant challenges.Despite substantial investments and policy support,CCUS projects have underperformed due to technical difficulties,high costs,and controversies surrounding the fossil fuel industry's involvement.The effectiveness and feasibility of CCUS in reducing carbon emissions remain uncertain.This viewpoint provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of CCUS technology,examining its potential to reduce carbon emissions,the challenges hindering its deployment,and the strategies needed to overcome these barriers.We discuss the need for a combinatorial approach to unlock CCUS's full potential,and also emphasize the importance of selecting optimal CO_(2)utilization pathways to maximize economic benefits and CO_(2)absorption.Although CCUS faces technical,economic,and social barriers,it can still play a valuable role in mitigating emissions from hard-to-abate sectors when supported by comprehensive strategies and collaborative efforts among governments,industries,and research institutions.By addressing these challenges and investing in innovation,CCUS can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and building a sustainable,low-carbon future.展开更多
Taking the Ordos Basin as an example,this paper proposed that the construction of an energy super basin should follow the principle of“more energy,less carbon,and better energy structure”.The modeling workflow of en...Taking the Ordos Basin as an example,this paper proposed that the construction of an energy super basin should follow the principle of“more energy,less carbon,and better energy structure”.The modeling workflow of energy super basin was built.Based on the resources/reserves,development status and infrastructures of the Ordos Basin,the development potential of the basin was evaluated,the uncertainties in the construction of energy super basin were analyzed,and the future vision and realization path of the Ordos Energy Super Basin were recommended.This study demonstrates that the Ordos Basin has the advantages of abundant energy sources,perfect infrastructures,well-matched carbon source and sink,small population density,and proximity to the energy consumption areas.These characteristics ensure that the Ordos Basin is a good candidate of the energy super basin.It is expected that the energy supply of the Ordos Basin in 2050 will reach 23×10^(8) t of standard coal,and the proportion of fossil fuels in energy supply will decrease to 41%.The carbon emissions will decrease by 20×10^(8) t compared to the emissions in 2023.The future construction of the basin should focus on the generation and storage of renewable energy,and technological breakthroughs for the carbon capture,utilization and storage.展开更多
This essay is aimed at reflecting my English learning experience,which is divided into three stages:The first six years'of study as a junior and senior high school student,when I always got high scores in the exam...This essay is aimed at reflecting my English learning experience,which is divided into three stages:The first six years'of study as a junior and senior high school student,when I always got high scores in the exams.I thought I was a sucessful English learner at that time.Four years as an English major in a teacher's college,where I found my English was as other people called "Chinglish".No matter how hard I worked I couldn't talk freely with native speakers.As time went on,I got to know the phenomenon belonging to interlanguage fossilization of English learning.Two years later after I graduated from the university,I went to University of Canberra to study my Master degree,there I found the essential factors that could help me get over fossilization through enhanced motivation,increased comprehensible input and production of communicative output.展开更多
continuum of reading smoothly.This paper tries to explore the possible ways to help students to improve their reading competence by employing the Interlanguage theory in reading course.Based on the five central proces...continuum of reading smoothly.This paper tries to explore the possible ways to help students to improve their reading competence by employing the Interlanguage theory in reading course.Based on the five central processes that may lead to fossilization of second language learning,the paper tries to find out ways to solve the problems.展开更多
The classical source-to-trap petroleum system concept only considers the migration and accumulation of conventional oil and gas in traps driven dominantly by buoyance in a basin,although revised and improved,even some...The classical source-to-trap petroleum system concept only considers the migration and accumulation of conventional oil and gas in traps driven dominantly by buoyance in a basin,although revised and improved,even some new concepts as composite petroleum system,total petroleum system,total composite petroleum system,were proposed,but they do not account for the vast unconventional oil and gas reservoirs within the system,which is not formed and distributed in traps dominantly by buoyancedriven.Therefore,the petroleum system concept is no longer adequate in dealing with all the oil and gas accumulations in a basin where significant amount of the unconventional oil and gas resources are present in addition to the conventional oil and gas accumulations.This paper looked into and analyzed the distribution characteristics of conventional and unconventional oil/gas reservoirs and their differences and correlations in petroliferous basins in China and North America,and then proposed whole petroleum system(WPS)concept,the WPS is defined as a natural system that encompasses all the conventional and unconventional oil and gas,reservoirs and resources originated from organic matter in source rocks,the geological elements and processes involving the formation,evolution,and distribution of these oil and gas,reservoirs and resources.It is found in the WPS that there are three kinds of hydrocarbons dynamic fields,three kinds of original hydrocarbons,three kinds of reservoir rocks,and the coupling of these three essential elements lead to the basic ordered distribution model of shale oil/gas reservoirs contacting or interbeded with tight oil/gas reservoirs and separated conventional oil/gas reservoirs from source rocks upward,which is expressed as“S\T-C”.Abnormal conditions lead to other three special ordered distribution models:The first is that with shale oil/gas reservoirs separated from tight oil/gas reservoirs.The second is that with two direction ordered distributions from source upward and downward.The third is with lateral distribution from source outside.展开更多
文摘Interlanguage Fossilization is a thorny obstacle to learners in second language acquisition process. Based on data collected from non-English major undergraduates in Hubei University of Economics (HBUE), this paper carries out an empirical study on students'fossilized errors in the learning process, and aims to explore fossilization causes and propose de-fossilization techniques so as to improve students'language learning.
文摘The main causes of the vocational college students' oral fossilization summarized in the thesis are as follows:negative transfer of the native language,overgeneralization,communication strategies blockage.
文摘This thesis sets out to classify the fossilized errors made by the subjects from lexical and syntactic levels respectively,through the empirical experiment and questionnaire.
文摘English writing is the college students’synthetical application about the knowledge of English.English writing,however,is the weak segment of the college students'English learning all the time.Based on the researches home and abroad,the paper makes an implicational study on interlanguage fossilization in English writing of Chinese college students.Though probing the causes of fossilization in English writing,the paper proposes some measures to reduce the fossilization.In the chapter one,the paper introduces simply the interlanguage fossilization.In the chapter two,the paper analyzes college students English writing and get the causal factors of fossilization:unfavorite learning motivation of students,ineffective feedback to errors,interference of the mother tongue.Then,at the last chapter,the paper put up some measures to overcome and avoid the fossilization in college students'English writing:promoting students'motivation,providing right feedback,avoiding mother tongue interference.
文摘Fossilization was first proposed by the famous British linguist Larry Selinker in his article Interlanguage in 1972.NonEnglish majors make many lexical errors in the process of English writings in universities.Therefore,their writing levels may reach a plateau and fail to make progress.Once English vocabulary is fossilized,it will prevent the development of students' writing competence.Inspired and stimulated by the observation of lexical errors in the university,the author intends to explore effective and feasible methods of dispelling lexical fossilization from the perspective of the theories of prototype and basic-level category and tries to provide a useful supplement in this area.
文摘Fossilization is complex,repeated and durative,it appears in various aspects of Interlanguage like phonetics,syntax and semantics.College English vocabulary learning stage is an obvious period of lexical fossilization.This paper mainly uses qualitative research method to analyze dispelling lexical fossilization of Chinese college students based on iconicity of Langacker’s grammar,with the purpose of improving the“quantity”and“quality”of English vocabulary of Chinese college students and offering some pedagogical proposals to improve English vocabulary teaching effect of college students.
文摘This paper on the basis of former studies and researches has analyzed fossilization particularly oral fossilization. Further more, this paper has analyzed the reasons of fossilization and at the same time put forward some tentative solutions to reduce or avoid fossilization. Hope that this paper can offer some help for both the second language learners and teachers.
文摘It's common that non-English major students meet fossilization in their English study. The author focused on the fossilization of non-English major students' spoken English and wrote this article in four parts. Firstly,give the recent research on fossilization; secondly,state the main problems in non-English major students' oral English presentation; thirdly,analyze the reasons of this phenomenon; lastly,give a conclusion.
文摘In the areas of second language acquisition, fossilization is one of the significant and popular topics that many research?ers have argued for. With decades of study on this topic, there exist a lot of uncertainties and hypotheses from definition to de-fos?silization. This essay mainly focuses on complicated causes for fossilization.
文摘The fossilization of interlanguage has long been a universal problem in foreign language learning and teaching, thus winning the concerns of foreign teachers and researchers. The paper analyzes the causes of this phenomenon which is expected to be beneficial to oral English teaching of growing cadre students in military academy, and then gives some suggestions in their oral English teaching, combining with the characteristics of growing cadre students' English learning.
文摘Fossilization is one of the hottest issues in the study of second language acquisition, which is a common problem that bothers second language learners. This paper starts from the classification of fossilization and analyzes its causes with an attempt to find the methods to reduce its impact on second language acquisition.
文摘During the process of language acquisition, interlanguage fossilization is a common phenomenon among second language learners. Based on Vygotskian approaches, this paper looks at the causes of interlanguage fossilization, including social identity, learners' motivation, the influence of one's mother tongue and learning styles. By vividly incorporating my own language learning experience, this paper intends to explain how theory can be applied to practice; thereby attempting to shed light on second language learning and teaching. In conclusion, this paper suggests that teachers should get to know their students by paying attention to the most influential factors and encourage interpersonal interaction.
文摘This article mainly expounds the understanding of fossilization in the process of second language acquisition(SLA),discusses the causes of fossilization phenomena and their manifestations,and discusses the overall and local concepts of fossilization,whether they are process or product,whether they are stabilization or not.Real fossilization whether they can be avoided or elimi⁃nated,is analyzed.At the same time,this article proposes to treat fossilization problems from the perspective of overall cognition.Teachers should correct some of the fossilization manifestations or stabilization in the second language learners during their learning,fundamentally provide correct instruction.Possibly eliminate stabilization or fossilization effects to help improve learners'ability to learn and master foreign languages.
文摘In foreign language teaching,it has always been found that there are many language learners whose second language(L2)level remains stagnant or even becomes worse no matter how hard they try.However,this may not relate to their attention given to language but to interlanguage fossilization,which results from various causes,is ubiquitous in second language acquisition(SLA)and foreign language learning.This paper,based on the empirical evidence of language learning and acquisition,probes into the nature and characteristics of interlanguage,analyzes the main causes of fossilization,and discusses pedagogical implications for avoiding fossilization in English language learning.
文摘On the last three decades or so, the phenomenon of fossilization became a matter of great concern in the field of Second Language Acquisition research. Attempts were made in different disciplines to find out the causes of the fossilization. In view of the causes,this article discusses why reading is a reliable way for fossilization in the age of Information and how to help students overcome the phenomenon of fossilization from the angle of reading.It also strenthens the input of language information by the way of reading literary works to avoid the repetition of lower level language.Finally,the article provides several effective ways to improve reading abilities and then improve the phenomenon of fossilization.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074123)Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GXZDCYL-01-06)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Basic Research and Strategic Reserve Technology Research Fund Project(No.2023DQ03-26).
文摘Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is a crucial technology for achieving carbon neutrality,but it faces significant challenges.Despite substantial investments and policy support,CCUS projects have underperformed due to technical difficulties,high costs,and controversies surrounding the fossil fuel industry's involvement.The effectiveness and feasibility of CCUS in reducing carbon emissions remain uncertain.This viewpoint provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of CCUS technology,examining its potential to reduce carbon emissions,the challenges hindering its deployment,and the strategies needed to overcome these barriers.We discuss the need for a combinatorial approach to unlock CCUS's full potential,and also emphasize the importance of selecting optimal CO_(2)utilization pathways to maximize economic benefits and CO_(2)absorption.Although CCUS faces technical,economic,and social barriers,it can still play a valuable role in mitigating emissions from hard-to-abate sectors when supported by comprehensive strategies and collaborative efforts among governments,industries,and research institutions.By addressing these challenges and investing in innovation,CCUS can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and building a sustainable,low-carbon future.
基金Supported by Project of Science and technology of Petro China(2023YQX1032023ZZ25)Project of Science and technology of CNPC(2016DJ86)。
文摘Taking the Ordos Basin as an example,this paper proposed that the construction of an energy super basin should follow the principle of“more energy,less carbon,and better energy structure”.The modeling workflow of energy super basin was built.Based on the resources/reserves,development status and infrastructures of the Ordos Basin,the development potential of the basin was evaluated,the uncertainties in the construction of energy super basin were analyzed,and the future vision and realization path of the Ordos Energy Super Basin were recommended.This study demonstrates that the Ordos Basin has the advantages of abundant energy sources,perfect infrastructures,well-matched carbon source and sink,small population density,and proximity to the energy consumption areas.These characteristics ensure that the Ordos Basin is a good candidate of the energy super basin.It is expected that the energy supply of the Ordos Basin in 2050 will reach 23×10^(8) t of standard coal,and the proportion of fossil fuels in energy supply will decrease to 41%.The carbon emissions will decrease by 20×10^(8) t compared to the emissions in 2023.The future construction of the basin should focus on the generation and storage of renewable energy,and technological breakthroughs for the carbon capture,utilization and storage.
文摘This essay is aimed at reflecting my English learning experience,which is divided into three stages:The first six years'of study as a junior and senior high school student,when I always got high scores in the exams.I thought I was a sucessful English learner at that time.Four years as an English major in a teacher's college,where I found my English was as other people called "Chinglish".No matter how hard I worked I couldn't talk freely with native speakers.As time went on,I got to know the phenomenon belonging to interlanguage fossilization of English learning.Two years later after I graduated from the university,I went to University of Canberra to study my Master degree,there I found the essential factors that could help me get over fossilization through enhanced motivation,increased comprehensible input and production of communicative output.
文摘continuum of reading smoothly.This paper tries to explore the possible ways to help students to improve their reading competence by employing the Interlanguage theory in reading course.Based on the five central processes that may lead to fossilization of second language learning,the paper tries to find out ways to solve the problems.
基金This work was supported by the major science and technology projects of CNPC during the“14th five-year plan”(Grant number 2021DJ0101)。
文摘The classical source-to-trap petroleum system concept only considers the migration and accumulation of conventional oil and gas in traps driven dominantly by buoyance in a basin,although revised and improved,even some new concepts as composite petroleum system,total petroleum system,total composite petroleum system,were proposed,but they do not account for the vast unconventional oil and gas reservoirs within the system,which is not formed and distributed in traps dominantly by buoyancedriven.Therefore,the petroleum system concept is no longer adequate in dealing with all the oil and gas accumulations in a basin where significant amount of the unconventional oil and gas resources are present in addition to the conventional oil and gas accumulations.This paper looked into and analyzed the distribution characteristics of conventional and unconventional oil/gas reservoirs and their differences and correlations in petroliferous basins in China and North America,and then proposed whole petroleum system(WPS)concept,the WPS is defined as a natural system that encompasses all the conventional and unconventional oil and gas,reservoirs and resources originated from organic matter in source rocks,the geological elements and processes involving the formation,evolution,and distribution of these oil and gas,reservoirs and resources.It is found in the WPS that there are three kinds of hydrocarbons dynamic fields,three kinds of original hydrocarbons,three kinds of reservoir rocks,and the coupling of these three essential elements lead to the basic ordered distribution model of shale oil/gas reservoirs contacting or interbeded with tight oil/gas reservoirs and separated conventional oil/gas reservoirs from source rocks upward,which is expressed as“S\T-C”.Abnormal conditions lead to other three special ordered distribution models:The first is that with shale oil/gas reservoirs separated from tight oil/gas reservoirs.The second is that with two direction ordered distributions from source upward and downward.The third is with lateral distribution from source outside.
