Objective BACKGROUND Spontaneous closure of direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas (TCCFs) is rare. A few cases have been reported in literature to be related to diagnostic cerebral angiography and orbital venogr...Objective BACKGROUND Spontaneous closure of direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas (TCCFs) is rare. A few cases have been reported in literature to be related to diagnostic cerebral angiography and orbital venography. Several mechanisms have been postulated, including irritation of the vessels from contrast media, compression of the carotid artery and reduced blood pressure from general anesthesia. In our own series of about 400 patients at Ramathibodi Hospital, the incidence is approximately 1.75%.CASE PRESENTATION We present a case, which spontaneous closure occurred during attempted endovascular embolization. A 45-year-old woman with left TCCF was referred to our hospital for endovascular treatment. Cerebral angiogram revealed a small-hole fistula at the posterosuperior wall of C2-3 segment of the LICA. Transarterial balloon failed due to the small size of the fistula and acute retroangulation of the balloon attached microcatheter. Transarterial GDC coil placement into the first venous pouch was then attempted for two times, but was unsuccessful. During repositioning of the microcatheter for a third attempt, spontaneous closure of the fistula was observed and confirmed by control angiogram. CONCLUSION Spontaneous closure of direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas may occur during endovascular procedures, which can be caused by dissection of the venous pouch by the microcatheter or coils during manipulation, irritation of the vascular walls from the contrast media and decreased blood pressure from general anesthesia.展开更多
Background and objective Anlotinib is a newly developed small molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of patients with lung cancer in China. We aim to report 3 cas...Background and objective Anlotinib is a newly developed small molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of patients with lung cancer in China. We aim to report 3 cases of rare complication of anlotinib-bronchial fistula(BF) during the treatment of lung cancer patients and summarize the possible causes.Methods We collected three patients who developed BF due to anlotinib treatment, and conducted a search of Medline and Pub Med for medical literature published between 2018 and 2020 using the following search terms: "anlotinib," "lung cancer," and "fistula."Results Our literature search produced two case reports(three patients) which, in addition to our three patients. We collated the patients’ clinical characteristics including demographic information, cancer type, imaging features, treatment received, risk factors for anlotinib related BF, and treatment-related outcomes. The six patients shared some common characteristics: advanced age, male, concurrent infection symptoms, diabetes mellitus(DM), advanced squamous cell and small cell lung cancers, centrally located tumors, tumor measuring ≥5 cm in longest diameter, and newly formed tumor cavitation after multi-line treatment especially after receiving radiotherapy. Fistula types included broncho-pericardial fistula, broncho-pleural fistula, and esophagotracheobronchial fistula. Six patients all died within 6 months.Conclusion Although anlotinib is relatively safe, it is still necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of BF, a rare treatment side effect that threatens the quality of life and overall survival of patients. Anlotinib, therefore, requires selective use and close observation of high-risk patients.展开更多
Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods: Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct...Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods: Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coil embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stent management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% (4/22). A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% (8/22). Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.展开更多
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We evaluated our experience in placing detachable coils in the management of spontaneous CCFs due to rupture of a primitive trigeminal artery. Methods A 48-year-old female presented with right c...BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We evaluated our experience in placing detachable coils in the management of spontaneous CCFs due to rupture of a primitive trigeminal artery. Methods A 48-year-old female presented with right conjunctival chemosis and right abducens nerve paresis. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a right carotid-cavernous sinus fistula associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Transvenous routes to the sinus were failed due to the tortuous facial vein. The fistula was treated by Matrix detachable coils and Fibered detachable coils through the transarterial approach. Results The patient was successfully treated by means of transarterial embolization, and symptoms improved within a week. Conclusions Although other techniques using a transvenous approach may also be useful, transarterial embolization with detachable coils should be a safe and effective method to immediately occlude the fistula.展开更多
Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drai...Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drainage as the initial steps before the rest of the cavernous sinus. The rationale is to prevent re-diversion of flow into the ophthalmic veins and cortical veins in a subtotally occluded carotid cavernous fistula.Method From 1997 to 2004, a total of 46 patients with carotid cavernous fistula were treated by transvenous embolization using the proposed selective occlusion strategy. There were 6 direct and 40 dural cartoid cavernous fistulae. The embolic agents were Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered platinum coils. Transvenous embolization routes included inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) alone (32 patients), IPS and intercavernous sinus (9 patients), and superior ophthalmic vein (5 patients).Result The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 7 years. One patient developed retinal hemorrhage due to ophthalic vein thrombosis one week after the embolization procedure. Two patients had transient ophthalmoplegia and 2 patients had symptomatic recurrence of the carotid cavernous fistula during the follow-up. Clinical cure was achieved in 44 patients (96%).Conclusion The sequential occlusion strategy offers a safe and effective method in the transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula.展开更多
The authors described two cases with primitive trigeminal artery. Case 1 was a 32-year-old woman who suffered dizziness and a serious pulsatile intracranial bruit on the left ear, and sometimes associated with pulsati...The authors described two cases with primitive trigeminal artery. Case 1 was a 32-year-old woman who suffered dizziness and a serious pulsatile intracranial bruit on the left ear, and sometimes associated with pulsatile intracranial bearing-pain on the left temporal side six months before she was admitted to the hospital. She also suffered from obvious diplopia on left lateral gaze for the last 5 months. She had suffered no recent trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) demonstrated a suspected intracranial aneurysm located in left cavernous sinus. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and a primitive trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistula in left side was found. Intraluminal occlusion of the fistula was successfully performed immediately after angiography using 6 Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC), and the patient was cured finally. Case 2 was a 28-year-old woman who suffered a serious intermittent cephalodynia associated with soreness on the left body two years before she was admitted to the hospital. She had suffered no recent trauma. Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) demonstrated a suspected intracavernous aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery, Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed. Right internal carotid angiography showed a primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) run between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and the distal portion of the basilar artery. On initiation of PTA of R-ICA a small wide-necked saccular aneurysm was incidentally visualized. The aneurysm was successfully embolized after angiography using 2 Stent (Neuroform, 4.5mmm × 20mmm)-assisted detachable coils (Matrix), the ICA and PTA were preserved, and the patient was cured finally.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula(BSF).Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005...Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula(BSF).Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005,8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types(A and B) of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents.Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance.The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred.Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients,without procedure-related complications.Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure.Stents were removed from all patients but one.Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia.Patients were followed up for 6-21 months.Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough.Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7(87.5%) of 8 patients.Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple,safe,and effective procedure for closure of the BSF.Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:253-257)展开更多
Objective:To investigate the localization and aetiological factors associated with urinary fistulae at the University Teaching Hospital in Benin-City, Nigeria. Methods: Records on 96 patients treated by the authors at...Objective:To investigate the localization and aetiological factors associated with urinary fistulae at the University Teaching Hospital in Benin-City, Nigeria. Methods: Records on 96 patients treated by the authors at the gynaecological ward of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2006 were analyzed. Information extracted and analyzed included data on socio-biological, demographic, and obstetric event of the antecedent pregnancy. Results: The average age of patients with vesico-vaginal fistula(VVF) was 34 years with a mean parity of 3. The various mean values for patients' height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.58m, 58.29kg and 24.13 respectively. The majority (92.7%) of fistulas are obstetric in origin. While 5.21% were due to total abdominal hysterectomy and 2.08% due to post irradiation for advanced gynecological malignancy. 53(55.21%) patients had obstetric operative interventions (Forceps or vacuum extraction, and or caesarean section). Caesarean section contributed 23.96% to the total figure. Juxta-cervical fistula was the most frequent, next mid vagina and followed by vesico-uterine (32. 98%, 24.4% and 19.15% respectively).Conclusion: Obstetric surgical intervention by care providers is a major cause of VVF formation with particular reference to Caesarean section. Vesico-uterine fistulas are on the increase.展开更多
文摘Objective BACKGROUND Spontaneous closure of direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas (TCCFs) is rare. A few cases have been reported in literature to be related to diagnostic cerebral angiography and orbital venography. Several mechanisms have been postulated, including irritation of the vessels from contrast media, compression of the carotid artery and reduced blood pressure from general anesthesia. In our own series of about 400 patients at Ramathibodi Hospital, the incidence is approximately 1.75%.CASE PRESENTATION We present a case, which spontaneous closure occurred during attempted endovascular embolization. A 45-year-old woman with left TCCF was referred to our hospital for endovascular treatment. Cerebral angiogram revealed a small-hole fistula at the posterosuperior wall of C2-3 segment of the LICA. Transarterial balloon failed due to the small size of the fistula and acute retroangulation of the balloon attached microcatheter. Transarterial GDC coil placement into the first venous pouch was then attempted for two times, but was unsuccessful. During repositioning of the microcatheter for a third attempt, spontaneous closure of the fistula was observed and confirmed by control angiogram. CONCLUSION Spontaneous closure of direct traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas may occur during endovascular procedures, which can be caused by dissection of the venous pouch by the microcatheter or coils during manipulation, irritation of the vascular walls from the contrast media and decreased blood pressure from general anesthesia.
文摘Background and objective Anlotinib is a newly developed small molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of patients with lung cancer in China. We aim to report 3 cases of rare complication of anlotinib-bronchial fistula(BF) during the treatment of lung cancer patients and summarize the possible causes.Methods We collected three patients who developed BF due to anlotinib treatment, and conducted a search of Medline and Pub Med for medical literature published between 2018 and 2020 using the following search terms: "anlotinib," "lung cancer," and "fistula."Results Our literature search produced two case reports(three patients) which, in addition to our three patients. We collated the patients’ clinical characteristics including demographic information, cancer type, imaging features, treatment received, risk factors for anlotinib related BF, and treatment-related outcomes. The six patients shared some common characteristics: advanced age, male, concurrent infection symptoms, diabetes mellitus(DM), advanced squamous cell and small cell lung cancers, centrally located tumors, tumor measuring ≥5 cm in longest diameter, and newly formed tumor cavitation after multi-line treatment especially after receiving radiotherapy. Fistula types included broncho-pericardial fistula, broncho-pleural fistula, and esophagotracheobronchial fistula. Six patients all died within 6 months.Conclusion Although anlotinib is relatively safe, it is still necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of BF, a rare treatment side effect that threatens the quality of life and overall survival of patients. Anlotinib, therefore, requires selective use and close observation of high-risk patients.
文摘Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods: Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coil embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stent management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% (4/22). A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% (8/22). Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.
文摘BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We evaluated our experience in placing detachable coils in the management of spontaneous CCFs due to rupture of a primitive trigeminal artery. Methods A 48-year-old female presented with right conjunctival chemosis and right abducens nerve paresis. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a right carotid-cavernous sinus fistula associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery. Transvenous routes to the sinus were failed due to the tortuous facial vein. The fistula was treated by Matrix detachable coils and Fibered detachable coils through the transarterial approach. Results The patient was successfully treated by means of transarterial embolization, and symptoms improved within a week. Conclusions Although other techniques using a transvenous approach may also be useful, transarterial embolization with detachable coils should be a safe and effective method to immediately occlude the fistula.
文摘Objective Introduction When we perform transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula, we selectively occluded the venous outflow to the retrograde cortical venous drainage and retrograde ophthalmic venous drainage as the initial steps before the rest of the cavernous sinus. The rationale is to prevent re-diversion of flow into the ophthalmic veins and cortical veins in a subtotally occluded carotid cavernous fistula.Method From 1997 to 2004, a total of 46 patients with carotid cavernous fistula were treated by transvenous embolization using the proposed selective occlusion strategy. There were 6 direct and 40 dural cartoid cavernous fistulae. The embolic agents were Guglielmi detachable coils and fibered platinum coils. Transvenous embolization routes included inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) alone (32 patients), IPS and intercavernous sinus (9 patients), and superior ophthalmic vein (5 patients).Result The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 7 years. One patient developed retinal hemorrhage due to ophthalic vein thrombosis one week after the embolization procedure. Two patients had transient ophthalmoplegia and 2 patients had symptomatic recurrence of the carotid cavernous fistula during the follow-up. Clinical cure was achieved in 44 patients (96%).Conclusion The sequential occlusion strategy offers a safe and effective method in the transvenous embolization of carotid cavernous fistula.
文摘The authors described two cases with primitive trigeminal artery. Case 1 was a 32-year-old woman who suffered dizziness and a serious pulsatile intracranial bruit on the left ear, and sometimes associated with pulsatile intracranial bearing-pain on the left temporal side six months before she was admitted to the hospital. She also suffered from obvious diplopia on left lateral gaze for the last 5 months. She had suffered no recent trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) demonstrated a suspected intracranial aneurysm located in left cavernous sinus. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and a primitive trigeminal artery-cavernous sinus fistula in left side was found. Intraluminal occlusion of the fistula was successfully performed immediately after angiography using 6 Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC), and the patient was cured finally. Case 2 was a 28-year-old woman who suffered a serious intermittent cephalodynia associated with soreness on the left body two years before she was admitted to the hospital. She had suffered no recent trauma. Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) demonstrated a suspected intracavernous aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery, Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed. Right internal carotid angiography showed a primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) run between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and the distal portion of the basilar artery. On initiation of PTA of R-ICA a small wide-necked saccular aneurysm was incidentally visualized. The aneurysm was successfully embolized after angiography using 2 Stent (Neuroform, 4.5mmm × 20mmm)-assisted detachable coils (Matrix), the ICA and PTA were preserved, and the patient was cured finally.
文摘Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula(BSF).Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005,8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types(A and B) of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents.Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance.The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred.Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients,without procedure-related complications.Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure.Stents were removed from all patients but one.Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia.Patients were followed up for 6-21 months.Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough.Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7(87.5%) of 8 patients.Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple,safe,and effective procedure for closure of the BSF.Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:253-257)
文摘Objective:To investigate the localization and aetiological factors associated with urinary fistulae at the University Teaching Hospital in Benin-City, Nigeria. Methods: Records on 96 patients treated by the authors at the gynaecological ward of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2006 were analyzed. Information extracted and analyzed included data on socio-biological, demographic, and obstetric event of the antecedent pregnancy. Results: The average age of patients with vesico-vaginal fistula(VVF) was 34 years with a mean parity of 3. The various mean values for patients' height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.58m, 58.29kg and 24.13 respectively. The majority (92.7%) of fistulas are obstetric in origin. While 5.21% were due to total abdominal hysterectomy and 2.08% due to post irradiation for advanced gynecological malignancy. 53(55.21%) patients had obstetric operative interventions (Forceps or vacuum extraction, and or caesarean section). Caesarean section contributed 23.96% to the total figure. Juxta-cervical fistula was the most frequent, next mid vagina and followed by vesico-uterine (32. 98%, 24.4% and 19.15% respectively).Conclusion: Obstetric surgical intervention by care providers is a major cause of VVF formation with particular reference to Caesarean section. Vesico-uterine fistulas are on the increase.
文摘目的:探讨三维高分辨肛门直肠压力测定(three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry,3D-HRAM)模型诊断及定位复杂性肛瘘术后肛门括约肌损伤的应用价值。方法:前瞻性纳入2023年1月至2024年1月福建中医药大学附属人民医院肛肠科复杂性肛瘘术后患者92例为研究对象,分两阶段进行研究。第一阶段将92例患者均行3D-HRAM及直肠腔内超声(endoanal ultrasonography,EAUS)检查,检测括约肌信息,与术中记录对比,评估二者诊断效能及定位准确性。第二阶段将已检测的92例患者按伴/不伴肛门功能障碍症状分组,进一步评估2种检测方法对于术后括约肌损伤代偿/失代偿病例的诊断及定位价值。结果:92例患者经3D-HRAM诊断括约肌损伤41例,敏感度为61.19%,特异度为88%,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.739,定位准确率为44.77%;经EAUS诊断57例,敏感度为85.07%,特异度为76%,AUC为0.813,定位准确率为71.64%,二者对比差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),提示3D-HARM对复杂性肛瘘术后括约肌损伤的诊断效能和定位准确率均低于EAUS。通过症状分组后,3D-HRAM对于有症状的括约肌损伤(失代偿)病例的诊断效能及定位准确率明显优于无症状组,而与EAUS相似(P=0.763)。结论:3D-HRAM的应用优势在于诊断及定位复杂性肛瘘术后肛门括约肌损伤失代偿的病例,可为肛门控便机制及损伤代偿机制的研究提供有效技术支持。
