The Galilei covariant generalizations of the EM field equations (1984) (including moving media), Schroedinger, and Dirac (1985, 1993) equations for inertial frames S(w) with substratum velocity w are re- viewed. By G...The Galilei covariant generalizations of the EM field equations (1984) (including moving media), Schroedinger, and Dirac (1985, 1993) equations for inertial frames S(w) with substratum velocity w are re- viewed. By G-covariant electrodynamics, physical variables, e.g., rod length, clock rate, particle mass, momentum, and energy are G-invariants, determined by the object velocity v-w= vo=G-inv relative to the substratum frame, So(w=0) [v=object velocity relative to observer in S(w)] Galilean measurements using standard (i) contracted rods and (ii) retarded clocks, anisotropic light propagation, and conservation of EM energy and momentum in IFs S(w) are discussed. Fundamental experiments are formulated which permit measurement of substratum (w) induced EM and charge fields, the substratum velocity w, and verification of the G-invariance of the magnetic field, B= Bo=G-inv. The G-invariant Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a charged particle in EM fields, and the momentum and energy conservation equations in Particle collisions are given for velocities |v-w|<co. The EM Doppler effects for moving source or moving observer are shown to exhibit measurable substratum effects. The spectral lines from a recoiling atom exhibit superimposed Doppler and substratum (w) shifts. The measurable substratum effects in the (i) aberration of light and (ii) reflection of light from a moving mirror are evaluated. The EM fields of accelerated charges in the substratum flow w are given, and applied to the anisotropic emission of x-rays in IFs S(w). G-covariant electrodynamics is examined for subluminal and superluminal electron velocities. Both the Cerenkov effect in (i) dielectrics for Iv--wl> c(ro) and (ii) vacuum for |v-w| > co are relative to the substratum So, and demonstrate the anisotropy of the vacuum in IFs S(w). G-covariant electrodynamics (relative to substratum) contains Lorentz covariant electrodynamics (relative to observer) in the special case w = 0 (So).展开更多
A reinterpretation of the well-known formula of the 'mass-velocity relation' is exactlyderived from a new viewpoint with new concepts, such as the finiteness of the transmitting velocityof force (TVF), effecti...A reinterpretation of the well-known formula of the 'mass-velocity relation' is exactlyderived from a new viewpoint with new concepts, such as the finiteness of the transmitting velocityof force (TVF), effective action, and the coupled effect of the TVF for two EM fields, etc. Then, atrue meaning hidden in the Lorentz factor is exploited : i.e., when a charged particle is moving at aspeed v under an EM field, the effective action exerted on it by the field varies inversely with thespeed ratio β= v / U, where U is the TVF, which probably is equal to the propagation velocity ofEM field. The actual reduction of the effective action gives a false impression of mass gain.Accordingly, it is a major mistake in orientation to ascribe the (genuine) electrodynamics of movingbodies to any observation, or to any motion of an observer, while disregarding the facts of mutualaction.展开更多
文摘The Galilei covariant generalizations of the EM field equations (1984) (including moving media), Schroedinger, and Dirac (1985, 1993) equations for inertial frames S(w) with substratum velocity w are re- viewed. By G-covariant electrodynamics, physical variables, e.g., rod length, clock rate, particle mass, momentum, and energy are G-invariants, determined by the object velocity v-w= vo=G-inv relative to the substratum frame, So(w=0) [v=object velocity relative to observer in S(w)] Galilean measurements using standard (i) contracted rods and (ii) retarded clocks, anisotropic light propagation, and conservation of EM energy and momentum in IFs S(w) are discussed. Fundamental experiments are formulated which permit measurement of substratum (w) induced EM and charge fields, the substratum velocity w, and verification of the G-invariance of the magnetic field, B= Bo=G-inv. The G-invariant Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a charged particle in EM fields, and the momentum and energy conservation equations in Particle collisions are given for velocities |v-w|<co. The EM Doppler effects for moving source or moving observer are shown to exhibit measurable substratum effects. The spectral lines from a recoiling atom exhibit superimposed Doppler and substratum (w) shifts. The measurable substratum effects in the (i) aberration of light and (ii) reflection of light from a moving mirror are evaluated. The EM fields of accelerated charges in the substratum flow w are given, and applied to the anisotropic emission of x-rays in IFs S(w). G-covariant electrodynamics is examined for subluminal and superluminal electron velocities. Both the Cerenkov effect in (i) dielectrics for Iv--wl> c(ro) and (ii) vacuum for |v-w| > co are relative to the substratum So, and demonstrate the anisotropy of the vacuum in IFs S(w). G-covariant electrodynamics (relative to substratum) contains Lorentz covariant electrodynamics (relative to observer) in the special case w = 0 (So).
文摘A reinterpretation of the well-known formula of the 'mass-velocity relation' is exactlyderived from a new viewpoint with new concepts, such as the finiteness of the transmitting velocityof force (TVF), effective action, and the coupled effect of the TVF for two EM fields, etc. Then, atrue meaning hidden in the Lorentz factor is exploited : i.e., when a charged particle is moving at aspeed v under an EM field, the effective action exerted on it by the field varies inversely with thespeed ratio β= v / U, where U is the TVF, which probably is equal to the propagation velocity ofEM field. The actual reduction of the effective action gives a false impression of mass gain.Accordingly, it is a major mistake in orientation to ascribe the (genuine) electrodynamics of movingbodies to any observation, or to any motion of an observer, while disregarding the facts of mutualaction.
