To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a sm...To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.展开更多
There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because the...There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.展开更多
A novel histogram descriptor for global feature extraction and description was presented. Three elementary primitives for a 2×2 pixel grid were defined. The complex primitives were computed by matrix transforms. ...A novel histogram descriptor for global feature extraction and description was presented. Three elementary primitives for a 2×2 pixel grid were defined. The complex primitives were computed by matrix transforms. These primitives and equivalence class were used for an image to compute the feature image that consisted of three elementary primitives. Histogram was used for the transformed image to extract and describe the features. Furthermore, comparisons were made among the novel histogram descriptor, the gray histogram and the edge histogram with regard to feature vector dimension and retrieval performance. The experimental results show that the novel histogram can not only reduce the effect of noise and illumination change, but also compute the feature vector of lower dimension. Furthermore, the system using the novel histogram has better retrieval performance.展开更多
The systematism of weapon combat is the typical characteristic of a modern battlefield. The process of combat is complex and the demand description of weapon system of systems （SOS） is difficult. Granular analyzing ...The systematism of weapon combat is the typical characteristic of a modern battlefield. The process of combat is complex and the demand description of weapon system of systems （SOS） is difficult. Granular analyzing is an important method for solving the complex problem in the world. Granular thinking is introduced into the demand description of weapon SoS. Granular computing and granular combination based on a relation of compatibility is proposed. Based on the level of degree and degree of detail, the granular resolution of weapon SoS is defined and an example is illustrated at the end.展开更多
Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facin...Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facing organizations undertaking knowledge management initiatives. An XML-based and ontology-supported knowledge description language (KDL) is presented, which has three-tier structure (core KDL, extended KDL and complex KDL), and takes advantages of strong point of ontology, XML, description logics, frame-based systems. And then, the framework and XML based syntax of KDL are introduced, and the methods of translating KDL into first order logic (FOL) are presented. At last, the implementation of KDL on the Web is described, and the reasoning ability of KDL proved by experiment is illustrated in detail.展开更多
The growing complexity of integrated circuits (ICs) is driving the trend of IC testing towards testing based on behavioral descriptions of register-transfer level (RTL). A behavioral description contains an algorithmi...The growing complexity of integrated circuits (ICs) is driving the trend of IC testing towards testing based on behavioral descriptions of register-transfer level (RTL). A behavioral description contains an algorithmic specification of functionality of design. It may contain little or even no information about the design’s cycle-by-cycle behavior or structural implementation. However, it usually has an interior variable to lead the process of its functional phases. This interior variable is named phase variable. The functional behavior of a digital circuit changes according to different values of a phase variable. By analyzing some ITC99 benchmark circuits, this paper presents a way to generate tests for a circuit by tracing the value change of a phase variable in the circuit.展开更多
This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture m...This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.展开更多
Characteristic grain size. Gc, is defined in the present paper. It indicates an intrinsic size of grainfor a given system. and has the following advantages over the average grain size which is based on a statisticalme...Characteristic grain size. Gc, is defined in the present paper. It indicates an intrinsic size of grainfor a given system. and has the following advantages over the average grain size which is based on a statisticalmean value of the linear intercept length of grains’ (1) The characteristic grain size G. has clear and determined geometric meaning. i. e. Gc refers to two times of the area-weighted average height of the surface elements to the centroid of grain or the average length of the chord through the centroid of grain: (2) The valueof G. can be directly obtained without introducing any correcting factors such as grain shape or grain size distribution factors. Generally. Gc is larger than the average grain size G when the Heyn intercept method isadopted for the grain size measurement.展开更多
The basic way and method to apply the equipment s CAD data to a geometry description system(GDS) are presented,and its interface to GDS is set up.The basic function,flow and implementation technique of the interface a...The basic way and method to apply the equipment s CAD data to a geometry description system(GDS) are presented,and its interface to GDS is set up.The basic function,flow and implementation technique of the interface are analyzed.Special computer software is programmed,and an application example is given also.The research results indicate that this interface can assist to derive desired data from the CAD data,and provide powerful technical support for the development of a practical data transferring interface.展开更多
Networked customization had gradually become one of t he import manufacturing and marketing patterns in the information age. Product d escription had an important effect on realizing networked customization. From th i...Networked customization had gradually become one of t he import manufacturing and marketing patterns in the information age. Product d escription had an important effect on realizing networked customization. From th is point of view, this paper firstly analyzed four requirements of adaptability, stability, conciseness and definitude that product description methods for netw orked customization must satisfy. According to these requirements, the paper com mented on current methods of product description, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. As none of current methods could satisfy the four requirement s simultaneously, they were not fully applicable to networked customization. The n a plug-in based product description method was brought forward and discussed in detail. In this method, product description for networked customization w as abstracted as three component parts of basic description, basic feature and c ustomization feature. These parts had different characteristics. Basic descripti on was applicable to all products types. Basic feature was stable as concerning specific product type. Variants of certain product type all possessed identi cal basic features. Customization features were variable. Different combinations of customization features would give birth to different product variants. Apply ing object-oriented method, three standard product description plug-ins could be got by encapsulating these component parts. As "basic feature" and "customiza tion feature" plug-in had similar structures, they could be further abstracted as "feature" plug-in. When describing a type of product, a "basic description" plug-in would be instantiated firstly. Then according to product’s specific ch aracteristics, necessary number of "basic feature" and "customization feature" p lug-ins would be instantiated and appended, such as "color", "material", etc. E ach "basic feature" plug-in related to an instantiated "feature value" plug-in , while each "customization feature" plug-in related to one or multiple instant iated "feature value" plug-ins. Finally, "associate" and "exclude" relation ship should be specified among associated "customization feature" plug-ins. Thr ough appending and combining various plug-ins, this method was capable of descr ibing any type of product while meeting the four requirements simultaneously. Th is paper also gave an example to clarify the application of plug-in based produ ct description method. This example firstly described a kind of customizable TV provided by certain company. Then it showed how to describe an individual co nfiguration of this customizable TV in XML. Furthermore, suppose a consumer want ed to search for relevant information of a TV with game function, this example explained how to utilize XML query language to benefit consumer’s searching for product information. From analysis, we could draw the conclusion that plug -in based product description method was superior to current description method s and fully adapted to networked customization environment.展开更多
To combat packet loss and realize robust video transmission over Intemet and wireless networks, a new multiple description （MD） video coding method is proposed. In the method, two descriptions for each video frame i...To combat packet loss and realize robust video transmission over Intemet and wireless networks, a new multiple description （MD） video coding method is proposed. In the method, two descriptions for each video frame is first created by group of blocks （GOB） alternation. Motion information is then duplicated in both the descriptions and a process called low quality macroblock update is designed to redundantly encode textures in each frame using standard bit stream syntax. In this way, the output bit streams are standard compliant and better trade-offs between redundancy and single charmel reconstruction distortion are achieved. The proposed method has much better performance than the well-known MD transform coding （MDTC） method both in terms of redundancy rate distortion, and in the packet loss scenario.展开更多
Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description met...Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.展开更多
基于位置的服务被认为是继短信之后电信增值业务发展的下一次高潮,在前期所提出的一种面向电信增值业务领域的流程描述语言XPL(extended-calling process language)的基础上,进一步提出了一种描述地理信息服务的语言GDL(geography descr...基于位置的服务被认为是继短信之后电信增值业务发展的下一次高潮,在前期所提出的一种面向电信增值业务领域的流程描述语言XPL(extended-calling process language)的基础上,进一步提出了一种描述地理信息服务的语言GDL(geography description language),GDL可以和XPL配合使用,共同描述基于位置的电信服务.XPL和GDL具有抽象层次高,使用灵活简单,开发业务速度快的特点.还介绍了支持XPL和GDL的业务生成系统.该业务生成系统基于SOA(services-oriented architecture,面向服务的构架),适用于网络融合条件下的业务生成.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6057407560674108).
文摘To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.
基金Project(61374140)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.
基金Project(60873010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(N090504005, N090604012, N090104001) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesProject(NCET-05-0288) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘A novel histogram descriptor for global feature extraction and description was presented. Three elementary primitives for a 2×2 pixel grid were defined. The complex primitives were computed by matrix transforms. These primitives and equivalence class were used for an image to compute the feature image that consisted of three elementary primitives. Histogram was used for the transformed image to extract and describe the features. Furthermore, comparisons were made among the novel histogram descriptor, the gray histogram and the edge histogram with regard to feature vector dimension and retrieval performance. The experimental results show that the novel histogram can not only reduce the effect of noise and illumination change, but also compute the feature vector of lower dimension. Furthermore, the system using the novel histogram has better retrieval performance.
文摘The systematism of weapon combat is the typical characteristic of a modern battlefield. The process of combat is complex and the demand description of weapon system of systems （SOS） is difficult. Granular analyzing is an important method for solving the complex problem in the world. Granular thinking is introduced into the demand description of weapon SoS. Granular computing and granular combination based on a relation of compatibility is proposed. Based on the level of degree and degree of detail, the granular resolution of weapon SoS is defined and an example is illustrated at the end.
文摘Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facing organizations undertaking knowledge management initiatives. An XML-based and ontology-supported knowledge description language (KDL) is presented, which has three-tier structure (core KDL, extended KDL and complex KDL), and takes advantages of strong point of ontology, XML, description logics, frame-based systems. And then, the framework and XML based syntax of KDL are introduced, and the methods of translating KDL into first order logic (FOL) are presented. At last, the implementation of KDL on the Web is described, and the reasoning ability of KDL proved by experiment is illustrated in detail.
文摘The growing complexity of integrated circuits (ICs) is driving the trend of IC testing towards testing based on behavioral descriptions of register-transfer level (RTL). A behavioral description contains an algorithmic specification of functionality of design. It may contain little or even no information about the design’s cycle-by-cycle behavior or structural implementation. However, it usually has an interior variable to lead the process of its functional phases. This interior variable is named phase variable. The functional behavior of a digital circuit changes according to different values of a phase variable. By analyzing some ITC99 benchmark circuits, this paper presents a way to generate tests for a circuit by tracing the value change of a phase variable in the circuit.
文摘This paper discusses a transport protocol and its formal description techniques for local network. The transport layer function, the transport services and a transport protocol design in a local network architecture model are presented. A transport protocol specification using the finite state automata (FSA) is given. The correctness of the protocol is verified by using the reachability tree technique with respect to the protocol properties of completeness, deadlock and livelock freeness, termination and reachability.
文摘Characteristic grain size. Gc, is defined in the present paper. It indicates an intrinsic size of grainfor a given system. and has the following advantages over the average grain size which is based on a statisticalmean value of the linear intercept length of grains’ (1) The characteristic grain size G. has clear and determined geometric meaning. i. e. Gc refers to two times of the area-weighted average height of the surface elements to the centroid of grain or the average length of the chord through the centroid of grain: (2) The valueof G. can be directly obtained without introducing any correcting factors such as grain shape or grain size distribution factors. Generally. Gc is larger than the average grain size G when the Heyn intercept method isadopted for the grain size measurement.
文摘The basic way and method to apply the equipment s CAD data to a geometry description system(GDS) are presented,and its interface to GDS is set up.The basic function,flow and implementation technique of the interface are analyzed.Special computer software is programmed,and an application example is given also.The research results indicate that this interface can assist to derive desired data from the CAD data,and provide powerful technical support for the development of a practical data transferring interface.
文摘Networked customization had gradually become one of t he import manufacturing and marketing patterns in the information age. Product d escription had an important effect on realizing networked customization. From th is point of view, this paper firstly analyzed four requirements of adaptability, stability, conciseness and definitude that product description methods for netw orked customization must satisfy. According to these requirements, the paper com mented on current methods of product description, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. As none of current methods could satisfy the four requirement s simultaneously, they were not fully applicable to networked customization. The n a plug-in based product description method was brought forward and discussed in detail. In this method, product description for networked customization w as abstracted as three component parts of basic description, basic feature and c ustomization feature. These parts had different characteristics. Basic descripti on was applicable to all products types. Basic feature was stable as concerning specific product type. Variants of certain product type all possessed identi cal basic features. Customization features were variable. Different combinations of customization features would give birth to different product variants. Apply ing object-oriented method, three standard product description plug-ins could be got by encapsulating these component parts. As "basic feature" and "customiza tion feature" plug-in had similar structures, they could be further abstracted as "feature" plug-in. When describing a type of product, a "basic description" plug-in would be instantiated firstly. Then according to product’s specific ch aracteristics, necessary number of "basic feature" and "customization feature" p lug-ins would be instantiated and appended, such as "color", "material", etc. E ach "basic feature" plug-in related to an instantiated "feature value" plug-in , while each "customization feature" plug-in related to one or multiple instant iated "feature value" plug-ins. Finally, "associate" and "exclude" relation ship should be specified among associated "customization feature" plug-ins. Thr ough appending and combining various plug-ins, this method was capable of descr ibing any type of product while meeting the four requirements simultaneously. Th is paper also gave an example to clarify the application of plug-in based produ ct description method. This example firstly described a kind of customizable TV provided by certain company. Then it showed how to describe an individual co nfiguration of this customizable TV in XML. Furthermore, suppose a consumer want ed to search for relevant information of a TV with game function, this example explained how to utilize XML query language to benefit consumer’s searching for product information. From analysis, we could draw the conclusion that plug -in based product description method was superior to current description method s and fully adapted to networked customization environment.
文摘To combat packet loss and realize robust video transmission over Intemet and wireless networks, a new multiple description （MD） video coding method is proposed. In the method, two descriptions for each video frame is first created by group of blocks （GOB） alternation. Motion information is then duplicated in both the descriptions and a process called low quality macroblock update is designed to redundantly encode textures in each frame using standard bit stream syntax. In this way, the output bit streams are standard compliant and better trade-offs between redundancy and single charmel reconstruction distortion are achieved. The proposed method has much better performance than the well-known MD transform coding （MDTC） method both in terms of redundancy rate distortion, and in the packet loss scenario.
文摘Since communication protocol deals with complex issues related to distribution such as communication, concurrency and synchronization, their development needs to be traced by using sophisticated formal description methods. This paper presents a new hybrid formal method for communication protocol specification. In this method, finite state machine (FSM), communication sequential process (CSP) and abstract data type (ADT) are mixed and the best features of these approaches are offered. In this paper, the main formal description techniques (FDT) for protocol engineering are brieny introduced and a hybrid formal description method based on the FSM, CSP and ADT for communication protocol is described. Finally, this paper presents the formal specification of an example protocol for LAN by using the proposed hybrid formal method. The results of studies show that the hybrid formal description method for communication protocol is an available and effective approach.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2004AA112010 (国家高技术研究发展计划(863))the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2002CB312005 (国家重点基础研究发展计划(973))
