Chatkal-Kurama region is characterized by igneous complexes of rocks with different composition. According to the existing data magmatism can be referred to 3 types:a) subductional（C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub&...Chatkal-Kurama region is characterized by igneous complexes of rocks with different composition. According to the existing data magmatism can be referred to 3 types:a) subductional（C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>3</sub>）;b) orogenical（P<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub>）;and c) dyke（P<sub>2</sub>-T<sub>1</sub>-K）.Different ore deposits occurrences are connected with these rock complexes of Chatkal-Kurama region.展开更多
The water quality of many karst formations in southern Zagros macrotectonical unit is related to natural geological and hydrogeological conditions and ground water mismanagement. Evaporatic sediments inciuding: gypsum...The water quality of many karst formations in southern Zagros macrotectonical unit is related to natural geological and hydrogeological conditions and ground water mismanagement. Evaporatic sediments inciuding: gypsum, anhydrite, salt, marl, and marly limestone are existed in some formations such as: Kazhdomi, Pabdeh-Gurpi, Gachsaran, Mishan and Agha Jari formations. This situation makes the covering layers of the karst formations changing the water quality by rainfall and runoff infiltration The most important factors that strikingly differ the water quality are the distribution of innumerable salt domes (180 diapirs between 6-200 km^2) and the out gassing of oil reservoir and geothermal effects in the karst cerranes of southern Zagros range.展开更多
Single-layer reticulated dome structure are commonly high-profile building in the public and can be attractive targets for terrorist bombings,so the public can benefit from enhanced safety with a stronger understandin...Single-layer reticulated dome structure are commonly high-profile building in the public and can be attractive targets for terrorist bombings,so the public can benefit from enhanced safety with a stronger understanding of the behavior of single-layer reticulated dome structure under explosion.This paper investigates the fluid-structure interaction process and the dynamic response performance of the singlelayer reticulated dome under external blast load.Both experimental and numerical results shown that structural deformation is remarkably delayed compared with the velocity of blast wave,which advises the dynamic response of large-span reticulated dome structure has a negligible effect on the blast wave propagation under explosion.Four failure modes are identified by comparing the plastic development of each ring and the residual spatial geometric of the structure,i.e.,minor vibration,local depression,severe damage,and overall collapse.The plastic deformation energy and the displacement potential energy of the structure are the main consumers of the blast energy.In addition,the stress performance of the vertex member and the deep plastic ratio of the whole structure can serve as qualitative indicators to distinguish different failure modes.展开更多
The infrared conformal window is one of the most critical components in aircraft.Conformal windows with high performance bring low aberrations,high aerodynamic performance,reliability in extreme working environments,a...The infrared conformal window is one of the most critical components in aircraft.Conformal windows with high performance bring low aberrations,high aerodynamic performance,reliability in extreme working environments,and added value for aircraft.Through the past decades,remarkable advances have been achieved in manufacturing technologies for conformal windows,where the machining accuracy approaches the nanometer level,and the surface form becomes more complex.These advances are critical to aircraft development,and these manufacturing technologies also have significant reference values for other directions of the ultra-precision machining field.In this review,the infrared materials suitable for manufacturing conformal windows are introduced and compared with insights into their performances.The remarkable advances and concrete work accomplished by researchers are reviewed.The challenges in manufacturing conformal windows that should be faced in the future are discussed.展开更多
Salt domes have always been attractive because of special attribute due to chemical and physical properties of salt.Jashak salt dome is one of Hormoz series domes,which is appeared in the southeast part of Zagros Moun...Salt domes have always been attractive because of special attribute due to chemical and physical properties of salt.Jashak salt dome is one of Hormoz series domes,which is appeared in the southeast part of Zagros Mountains and has a great potential for being a geotourism zone in that region as a result of amazing geomorphological structures which made it展开更多
Based on the integrated interpretation to the area located between 32°N and 35°N latitude,88°E and 89°E longitudes, the authors analysis the shallow and deep crust deformation of the Qiangtang Mass...Based on the integrated interpretation to the area located between 32°N and 35°N latitude,88°E and 89°E longitudes, the authors analysis the shallow and deep crust deformation of the Qiangtang Massif.Gravity,aeromagnetic,magnetotelluric and seismic surveys show that the Qiangtang Massif could be divided from north to south in the horizontal surface into three parts: the northern and the southern Qiangtang sag, the medial Armugang dome. The aeromagnetic anomaly contour line (AACL) of the medial dome is linear anomaly belts, whose amount varies between -50 nT and 260nT; the AACL of the northern sag is gently negative,whose value varies between 0 and -10nT, and its maximum aeromagnetic basement top depth is 11km;the AACL of the southern sag is gently low,positive alternating with negative, whose amount varies between -30nT and 30nT,and its maximum basement top depth is 9km.展开更多
The structural response of a single-layer reticulated dome to external explosions is shaped by many variables,and the associated uncertainties imply non-deterministic results.Existing deterministic methods for predict...The structural response of a single-layer reticulated dome to external explosions is shaped by many variables,and the associated uncertainties imply non-deterministic results.Existing deterministic methods for predicting the consequences of specific explosions do not account for these uncertainties.Therefore,the impact of the uncertainties associated with these input variables on the structures’response needs to be studied and quantified.In this study,a parametric uncertainty analysis was conducted first.Then,local and global sensitivity analyses were carried out to identify the drivers of the structural dynamic response.A probabilistic structural response model was established based on sensitive variables and a reasonable sample size.Furthermore,some deterministic empirical methods for explosion-resistance design,including the plane blast load model of CONWEP,the curved blast load model under the 50%assurance level,and the 20%mass-increased method,were used for evaluating their reliability.The results of the analyses revealed that the structural response of a single-layer reticulated dome to an external blast loading is lognormally distributed.Evidently,the MB0.5 method based on the curved reflector load model yielded results with a relatively stable assurance rate and reliability,but CONWEP did not;thus,the 1.2MB0.5 method can be used for making high-confidence simple predictions.In addition,the results indicated that the structural response is very sensitive to the explosion parameters.Based on these results,it is suggested that for explosion proofing,setting up a defensive barrier is more effective than structural strengthening.展开更多
Dome structures have been used extensively for industrial,residential,and military infrastructure.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the damage risk potential for such structures for blast-resistant design consid...Dome structures have been used extensively for industrial,residential,and military infrastructure.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the damage risk potential for such structures for blast-resistant design considerations.This paper investigates the effect of blast load variability on the design value and the structural dynamic response.Therefore,the sources of uncertainty in the external blast load on dome structures were discussed firstly.Then based on the probabilistic blast load model for the dome,the rationality of a deterministic mass-increase safety method was assessed.It was found that previous deterministic design method cannot provide a consistent and sound assurance factor or reliability index on the entire dome roof.In addition,it was also proved that the assurance-based load method fails to ensure compliance with structural safety design standards on the dome roof when compared with the reliability-based blast method.A sensitivity analysis on the probabilistic blast load was conducted,and the results indicate that stand-off distance and explosive mass both act as dominant sources to influence the mean and variability of blast load.Therefore,based on the Latin hypercube sampling method,a reliability-based external blast load factor technique was proposed.This technique was further used to estimate structural damage levels of a single-layer reticulated dome under different reliability requirements,associated with a low,medium,and high level of protection grades for a specific explosion scenario,and it indicated that this technique can be useful in the building design to achieve a higher structural anti-explosion capacity.This study herein can serve as a reference for the calculation method of designed blast load.展开更多
文摘Chatkal-Kurama region is characterized by igneous complexes of rocks with different composition. According to the existing data magmatism can be referred to 3 types:a) subductional（C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>3</sub>）;b) orogenical（P<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub>）;and c) dyke（P<sub>2</sub>-T<sub>1</sub>-K）.Different ore deposits occurrences are connected with these rock complexes of Chatkal-Kurama region.
文摘The water quality of many karst formations in southern Zagros macrotectonical unit is related to natural geological and hydrogeological conditions and ground water mismanagement. Evaporatic sediments inciuding: gypsum, anhydrite, salt, marl, and marly limestone are existed in some formations such as: Kazhdomi, Pabdeh-Gurpi, Gachsaran, Mishan and Agha Jari formations. This situation makes the covering layers of the karst formations changing the water quality by rainfall and runoff infiltration The most important factors that strikingly differ the water quality are the distribution of innumerable salt domes (180 diapirs between 6-200 km^2) and the out gassing of oil reservoir and geothermal effects in the karst cerranes of southern Zagros range.
基金financial support from the China Postdoctora Science Foundation(project No.2021M690406)financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.51708521,51778183)。
文摘Single-layer reticulated dome structure are commonly high-profile building in the public and can be attractive targets for terrorist bombings,so the public can benefit from enhanced safety with a stronger understanding of the behavior of single-layer reticulated dome structure under explosion.This paper investigates the fluid-structure interaction process and the dynamic response performance of the singlelayer reticulated dome under external blast load.Both experimental and numerical results shown that structural deformation is remarkably delayed compared with the velocity of blast wave,which advises the dynamic response of large-span reticulated dome structure has a negligible effect on the blast wave propagation under explosion.Four failure modes are identified by comparing the plastic development of each ring and the residual spatial geometric of the structure,i.e.,minor vibration,local depression,severe damage,and overall collapse.The plastic deformation energy and the displacement potential energy of the structure are the main consumers of the blast energy.In addition,the stress performance of the vertex member and the deep plastic ratio of the whole structure can serve as qualitative indicators to distinguish different failure modes.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFA0703400].
文摘The infrared conformal window is one of the most critical components in aircraft.Conformal windows with high performance bring low aberrations,high aerodynamic performance,reliability in extreme working environments,and added value for aircraft.Through the past decades,remarkable advances have been achieved in manufacturing technologies for conformal windows,where the machining accuracy approaches the nanometer level,and the surface form becomes more complex.These advances are critical to aircraft development,and these manufacturing technologies also have significant reference values for other directions of the ultra-precision machining field.In this review,the infrared materials suitable for manufacturing conformal windows are introduced and compared with insights into their performances.The remarkable advances and concrete work accomplished by researchers are reviewed.The challenges in manufacturing conformal windows that should be faced in the future are discussed.
文摘Salt domes have always been attractive because of special attribute due to chemical and physical properties of salt.Jashak salt dome is one of Hormoz series domes,which is appeared in the southeast part of Zagros Mountains and has a great potential for being a geotourism zone in that region as a result of amazing geomorphological structures which made it
文摘Based on the integrated interpretation to the area located between 32°N and 35°N latitude,88°E and 89°E longitudes, the authors analysis the shallow and deep crust deformation of the Qiangtang Massif.Gravity,aeromagnetic,magnetotelluric and seismic surveys show that the Qiangtang Massif could be divided from north to south in the horizontal surface into three parts: the northern and the southern Qiangtang sag, the medial Armugang dome. The aeromagnetic anomaly contour line (AACL) of the medial dome is linear anomaly belts, whose amount varies between -50 nT and 260nT; the AACL of the northern sag is gently negative,whose value varies between 0 and -10nT, and its maximum aeromagnetic basement top depth is 11km;the AACL of the southern sag is gently low,positive alternating with negative, whose amount varies between -30nT and 30nT,and its maximum basement top depth is 9km.
基金the financial support from the China Postdoctora Science Foundation (project No. 2021M690406)the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project Nos. 51708521, 51778183)
文摘The structural response of a single-layer reticulated dome to external explosions is shaped by many variables,and the associated uncertainties imply non-deterministic results.Existing deterministic methods for predicting the consequences of specific explosions do not account for these uncertainties.Therefore,the impact of the uncertainties associated with these input variables on the structures’response needs to be studied and quantified.In this study,a parametric uncertainty analysis was conducted first.Then,local and global sensitivity analyses were carried out to identify the drivers of the structural dynamic response.A probabilistic structural response model was established based on sensitive variables and a reasonable sample size.Furthermore,some deterministic empirical methods for explosion-resistance design,including the plane blast load model of CONWEP,the curved blast load model under the 50%assurance level,and the 20%mass-increased method,were used for evaluating their reliability.The results of the analyses revealed that the structural response of a single-layer reticulated dome to an external blast loading is lognormally distributed.Evidently,the MB0.5 method based on the curved reflector load model yielded results with a relatively stable assurance rate and reliability,but CONWEP did not;thus,the 1.2MB0.5 method can be used for making high-confidence simple predictions.In addition,the results indicated that the structural response is very sensitive to the explosion parameters.Based on these results,it is suggested that for explosion proofing,setting up a defensive barrier is more effective than structural strengthening.
基金supports from and Na-tional key research and development program of China(project No.2018YFC0705703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.51708521,51778183).
文摘Dome structures have been used extensively for industrial,residential,and military infrastructure.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the damage risk potential for such structures for blast-resistant design considerations.This paper investigates the effect of blast load variability on the design value and the structural dynamic response.Therefore,the sources of uncertainty in the external blast load on dome structures were discussed firstly.Then based on the probabilistic blast load model for the dome,the rationality of a deterministic mass-increase safety method was assessed.It was found that previous deterministic design method cannot provide a consistent and sound assurance factor or reliability index on the entire dome roof.In addition,it was also proved that the assurance-based load method fails to ensure compliance with structural safety design standards on the dome roof when compared with the reliability-based blast method.A sensitivity analysis on the probabilistic blast load was conducted,and the results indicate that stand-off distance and explosive mass both act as dominant sources to influence the mean and variability of blast load.Therefore,based on the Latin hypercube sampling method,a reliability-based external blast load factor technique was proposed.This technique was further used to estimate structural damage levels of a single-layer reticulated dome under different reliability requirements,associated with a low,medium,and high level of protection grades for a specific explosion scenario,and it indicated that this technique can be useful in the building design to achieve a higher structural anti-explosion capacity.This study herein can serve as a reference for the calculation method of designed blast load.
