In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This cas...In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This case study illustrates several points a) the food chain is only as secure as its weakest link, b) due to the complexity of the modern food chain, once pork is processed, precise traceability to a particular farm of origin is impossible, c) even with a single food agency, overseeing the policing of the food chain, things can go wrong, d) it demonstrated the benefits of having credible consumer protection agencies to undertake scientific risk assessment and communicate with the public, e) if risk management decisions are taken quickly, and communicated in an open and transparent manner to the public, adverse human health effects can be avoided and consumer confidence can maintained, f) in the EU the legal limit for dioxins in pork fat is 1 picogram per gram (10-12 ) and attempting to communicate the risks associated with this level of contamination plus the concepts of bioaccumulation and body burden and the need for continued exposure to result in adverse health effects is extremely challenging, g) there was a major economic impact and damage to the country's reputation as a food exporter and finally h) it illustrates that prevention is better that crisis management. Other countries can learn lessons from this incident that may prevent similar occurrences in their jurisdictions.展开更多
目的调查4种市售冷冻深海海鲜产品中29种二噁英和二噁英类多氯联苯同系物的本底浓度,并评估相关的健康风险。方法采用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法(high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,HRGC-HRMS)...目的调查4种市售冷冻深海海鲜产品中29种二噁英和二噁英类多氯联苯同系物的本底浓度,并评估相关的健康风险。方法采用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法(high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,HRGC-HRMS)测定了冷冻深海水产中的29种二噁英和二噁英类多氯联苯类物质,基于2005年世界卫生组织毒性当量因子(toxic equivalence factors,WHO_(2005)-TEFs)计算样本中二噁英类物质的毒性当量(toxic equivalent,WHO_(2005)-TEQs),评估从海产品中摄入二噁英类物质的健康风险。结果4种类型深海海鲜产品中二噁英类多氯联苯显示出相互之间的显著差异,所有样本中都检测到3,3’,4,4’-四氯联苯、2,3,3’,4,4-五氯联苯和2,3’,4,4’,5-五氯联苯,其中2,3’,4,4’,5-五氯联苯的含量最高。从鱼、虾、蟹和双壳贝类中摄入噁多氯联苯二英和多氯联苯呋喃与噁二英类多氯联苯的平均日膳食摄入量为0.062~0.356 pg TEQ/(kg·d),相当于摄入量安全阈值的1.549%~8.911%。结论人群通过海产品摄入二噁英和二噁英类多氯联苯的风险较低,本研究强调了食用冷冻深海海产品的潜在健康风险和持续监测的必要性。展开更多
A method has been developed for the determination of seventeen 2,3,7,8,substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans(PCDD/Fs) in material of electrical and electronic equipment—polyvin...A method has been developed for the determination of seventeen 2,3,7,8,substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans(PCDD/Fs) in material of electrical and electronic equipment—polyvinyl chloride(PVC) using gel permeation chromatography(GPC)/fluid management system(FMS)/high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC-HRMS).Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans was extracted from samples by Soxhlet extraction,purified by GPC and FMS.Confirmation and quantitative analysis at pg/g level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record(VSIR)mode.The recoveries of fifteen isotopically labeled compound solution(LCS) were in the range of 61.9%-91.4%,RSD were in the range of 3.16%-6.01%.The quantitative detection limits of the method for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-furan(TCDF) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) are both 0.1 pg/g.展开更多
Flue gas of emission source and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed.Dioxins concentrations in flue gas and air samples ranged from 0.56 to 1.90 ngI-TEQ/m3 with average of 1.30 ngI-TEQ/m3 and from 0.11 to 0...Flue gas of emission source and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed.Dioxins concentrations in flue gas and air samples ranged from 0.56 to 1.90 ngI-TEQ/m3 with average of 1.30 ngI-TEQ/m3 and from 0.11 to 0.36 pgI-TEQ/m3 with average of 0.20 pgI-TEQ/m3,respectively.Dioxins congener profiles were compared using three methods and potential relationship of the two types of samples were discussed.展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health ...Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health and the environment.Atmosphere is the major pathway for PCBs to transport and redistribute in the environment.In order to know levels and patterns of PCBs in background air in China,high-volume air samples were collected at 11 background sites from November 2007 to February 2008.PCBs were extracted from samples by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) and then purified by acid silica column and fluid management systems(FMS).Confirmation and quantitative analysis were performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record mode.Total concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in background air ranged from 348.8 fg/m3 to 1 768.3 fg/m3(0.7-7.4 fg TEQ/m3),and total concentrations of indicator PCBs were from 9.0 pg/m3 up to 85.2 pg/m3,which were both lower than the concentrations of most other regions and countries.展开更多
Labeled polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)were extracted by three different methods,i.e.,soxhlet extraction,hot extraction and accelerated solvent extraction(ASE).The PCDD/Fs were detected by...Labeled polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)were extracted by three different methods,i.e.,soxhlet extraction,hot extraction and accelerated solvent extraction(ASE).The PCDD/Fs were detected by high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Comparisons of the three methods were carried out by recovery of PCDD/Fs,solvent consumption and extraction time.The results showed that all of the method could extract labeled PCDD/Fs efficiently.ASE was a time saving procedure with lowest consumption of solvents compared with the other two methods.展开更多
A rapid pretreatment method of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil and analysis by high resolution gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry was present.The extraction and a...A rapid pretreatment method of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil and analysis by high resolution gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry was present.The extraction and alumina clean up of PCDD/Fs in soil was achieved by accelerated solvent extractor.Then the multi-layer silica-gel column was used for further clean up.The whole method has been evaluated on certified reference soil and farm soil.Accuracy and precision of this method was tested with satisfactory results.展开更多
文摘In Ireland, in 2008, pig feed manufactured from recycled human food became contaminated with dioxin and this led to a global recall of all Irish pork products produced from 1st September to 6th December 2008. This case study illustrates several points a) the food chain is only as secure as its weakest link, b) due to the complexity of the modern food chain, once pork is processed, precise traceability to a particular farm of origin is impossible, c) even with a single food agency, overseeing the policing of the food chain, things can go wrong, d) it demonstrated the benefits of having credible consumer protection agencies to undertake scientific risk assessment and communicate with the public, e) if risk management decisions are taken quickly, and communicated in an open and transparent manner to the public, adverse human health effects can be avoided and consumer confidence can maintained, f) in the EU the legal limit for dioxins in pork fat is 1 picogram per gram (10-12 ) and attempting to communicate the risks associated with this level of contamination plus the concepts of bioaccumulation and body burden and the need for continued exposure to result in adverse health effects is extremely challenging, g) there was a major economic impact and damage to the country's reputation as a food exporter and finally h) it illustrates that prevention is better that crisis management. Other countries can learn lessons from this incident that may prevent similar occurrences in their jurisdictions.
文摘A method has been developed for the determination of seventeen 2,3,7,8,substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans(PCDD/Fs) in material of electrical and electronic equipment—polyvinyl chloride(PVC) using gel permeation chromatography(GPC)/fluid management system(FMS)/high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC-HRMS).Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans was extracted from samples by Soxhlet extraction,purified by GPC and FMS.Confirmation and quantitative analysis at pg/g level of PCDD/Fs was performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record(VSIR)mode.The recoveries of fifteen isotopically labeled compound solution(LCS) were in the range of 61.9%-91.4%,RSD were in the range of 3.16%-6.01%.The quantitative detection limits of the method for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-furan(TCDF) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) are both 0.1 pg/g.
文摘Flue gas of emission source and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed.Dioxins concentrations in flue gas and air samples ranged from 0.56 to 1.90 ngI-TEQ/m3 with average of 1.30 ngI-TEQ/m3 and from 0.11 to 0.36 pgI-TEQ/m3 with average of 0.20 pgI-TEQ/m3,respectively.Dioxins congener profiles were compared using three methods and potential relationship of the two types of samples were discussed.
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are stable in the environment,undergo long-range atmospheric transport,and possess the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain which can impose a serious threat to human health and the environment.Atmosphere is the major pathway for PCBs to transport and redistribute in the environment.In order to know levels and patterns of PCBs in background air in China,high-volume air samples were collected at 11 background sites from November 2007 to February 2008.PCBs were extracted from samples by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) and then purified by acid silica column and fluid management systems(FMS).Confirmation and quantitative analysis were performed by HRGC-HRMS using voltage selective ion record mode.Total concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in background air ranged from 348.8 fg/m3 to 1 768.3 fg/m3(0.7-7.4 fg TEQ/m3),and total concentrations of indicator PCBs were from 9.0 pg/m3 up to 85.2 pg/m3,which were both lower than the concentrations of most other regions and countries.
文摘Labeled polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)were extracted by three different methods,i.e.,soxhlet extraction,hot extraction and accelerated solvent extraction(ASE).The PCDD/Fs were detected by high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Comparisons of the three methods were carried out by recovery of PCDD/Fs,solvent consumption and extraction time.The results showed that all of the method could extract labeled PCDD/Fs efficiently.ASE was a time saving procedure with lowest consumption of solvents compared with the other two methods.
文摘A rapid pretreatment method of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in soil and analysis by high resolution gas chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry was present.The extraction and alumina clean up of PCDD/Fs in soil was achieved by accelerated solvent extractor.Then the multi-layer silica-gel column was used for further clean up.The whole method has been evaluated on certified reference soil and farm soil.Accuracy and precision of this method was tested with satisfactory results.
