Revolutions,typical cases of crucial social transformations,cannot be realized successfully without a large number of activists.Therefore,creating conditions favorable for acquiring enough participants should be an im...Revolutions,typical cases of crucial social transformations,cannot be realized successfully without a large number of activists.Therefore,creating conditions favorable for acquiring enough participants should be an important topic of Marxist social science.In particular,this problem includes the “free-ride,” because the benefits of revolutionaries’ activities are gained not only by the activists but also by all other members.The paper analyzes problems such as this one,applying non-cooperative game theory to social dilemma problems.This leads to some interesting results.In this research,the problem of the workers’ choice between unity or freeride is first defined using numerical examples of the gain structure.It is defined again in a more generalized form using other parameters.In so doing,we express both the cost of participating in the movement and the gains from the concession of the ruling class.Because this analysis focuses on the importance of the number of participants,the concession of the ruling class is framed as a function of the number of participants.The results of this analysis revealed that the economic base and superstructure accurately correspond in some game structures but not in others.In other words,the social dilemma presents either as a case of prisoners’ dilemma or as a chicken game.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the influence of group size,and it was revealed that groups with a large number of members,such as a ruled class,find it particularly difficult to unite.This phenomenon is called the “large group dilemma.” In these ways,this research shows that the aforementioned type of game theory can be used to analyze the difficulties and possibilities of social movements.展开更多
Acrylamide has been brought to the world attention in 2002 with the information that it was found contaminated in many heat treated carbohydrate rich foods. This creates a lot of concern worldwide since the appearance...Acrylamide has been brought to the world attention in 2002 with the information that it was found contaminated in many heat treated carbohydrate rich foods. This creates a lot of concern worldwide since the appearance of Aflatoxins many decades ago. The dilemma occurs as the heat treated carbohydrate rich foods are being consumed by population around the world while the high in complex carbohydrate diet is being promoted by international organizations as FAO and WHO in the effort for the prevention of some chronic diseases.展开更多
When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial p...When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial practice,some defensive behavior maintaining personal legal rights and interests,even some brave acts for a just cause,are deemed to be over defense or intentional crime.Looking at the actual situation of judicial practice in China,the number of cases identified as justifiable defense is even less.In the face of such judicial dilemma,scientific judicial concept shall be established in the judicial practice so as to accurately explain and apply to the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations related to justifiable defense.Through formation of authoritative cases,interpret the constitution conditions of justifiable defense,form binding judicial rules and strictly distinguish between justifiable defense,excessive defense and intentional crime so as to restrain subsequent similar cases.展开更多
The Massive Open Online Courses( MOOC) originated in Europe and America has been a new channel obtaining know ledge and an important learning mode in the age of big data. The development of MOOC brings about far- reac...The Massive Open Online Courses( MOOC) originated in Europe and America has been a new channel obtaining know ledge and an important learning mode in the age of big data. The development of MOOC brings about far- reaching impact on sharing and constructing the high quality education resources in the w orld,w hich may present great challenges to traditional teaching mode. Considering China's higher education environment and MOOC 's particular characteristics,this paper summarizes the development dilemmas of MOOC in China's higher educational environment and discusses the countermeasures as w ell as finds a suitable w ay for the development of informatization education.展开更多
Honglou Mengis an invaluable asset of traditional Chinese literature.The translation of euphemisms differs greatly in two great English translation editions,from which we could see that difficulties and dilemmas exist...Honglou Mengis an invaluable asset of traditional Chinese literature.The translation of euphemisms differs greatly in two great English translation editions,from which we could see that difficulties and dilemmas exist everywhere in the translation of these euphemisms.In the thesis,similarities and differences of euphemisms in both Chinese and English are investigated,which lead to dilemmas existing in the process of translation in Honglou Meng.展开更多
Recently P.Bokulich suggests a newway to grab the first horn of Hempel’s Dilemma.His strategy is to define "the physical" with "the stuff recognized by currently well-understood parts of physics",...Recently P.Bokulich suggests a newway to grab the first horn of Hempel’s Dilemma.His strategy is to define "the physical" with "the stuff recognized by currently well-understood parts of physics",such as Quantum electrodynamics,as far as the mindbody problem is concerned.I argue that the physicalism doctrine formulated following Bokulich’s suggestion is still under the threat of being misjudged and also will not be welcomed by the physicalists.After considering some potential objections,I conclude that Bokulich’s strategy fails.展开更多
文摘Revolutions,typical cases of crucial social transformations,cannot be realized successfully without a large number of activists.Therefore,creating conditions favorable for acquiring enough participants should be an important topic of Marxist social science.In particular,this problem includes the “free-ride,” because the benefits of revolutionaries’ activities are gained not only by the activists but also by all other members.The paper analyzes problems such as this one,applying non-cooperative game theory to social dilemma problems.This leads to some interesting results.In this research,the problem of the workers’ choice between unity or freeride is first defined using numerical examples of the gain structure.It is defined again in a more generalized form using other parameters.In so doing,we express both the cost of participating in the movement and the gains from the concession of the ruling class.Because this analysis focuses on the importance of the number of participants,the concession of the ruling class is framed as a function of the number of participants.The results of this analysis revealed that the economic base and superstructure accurately correspond in some game structures but not in others.In other words,the social dilemma presents either as a case of prisoners’ dilemma or as a chicken game.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the influence of group size,and it was revealed that groups with a large number of members,such as a ruled class,find it particularly difficult to unite.This phenomenon is called the “large group dilemma.” In these ways,this research shows that the aforementioned type of game theory can be used to analyze the difficulties and possibilities of social movements.
文摘Acrylamide has been brought to the world attention in 2002 with the information that it was found contaminated in many heat treated carbohydrate rich foods. This creates a lot of concern worldwide since the appearance of Aflatoxins many decades ago. The dilemma occurs as the heat treated carbohydrate rich foods are being consumed by population around the world while the high in complex carbohydrate diet is being promoted by international organizations as FAO and WHO in the effort for the prevention of some chronic diseases.
文摘When important social rights and interests of any citizens cannot be protected by public power in time,they can adopt extreme means to protect personal interests from infringement by criminal act.However,in judicial practice,some defensive behavior maintaining personal legal rights and interests,even some brave acts for a just cause,are deemed to be over defense or intentional crime.Looking at the actual situation of judicial practice in China,the number of cases identified as justifiable defense is even less.In the face of such judicial dilemma,scientific judicial concept shall be established in the judicial practice so as to accurately explain and apply to the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations related to justifiable defense.Through formation of authoritative cases,interpret the constitution conditions of justifiable defense,form binding judicial rules and strictly distinguish between justifiable defense,excessive defense and intentional crime so as to restrain subsequent similar cases.
基金funded by the project of Anhui provincial teaching quality research(NO.:2012jyxm395)by the Anhui Provincial youth talent key foundation(NO.:2013SQ RW094Z D)
文摘The Massive Open Online Courses( MOOC) originated in Europe and America has been a new channel obtaining know ledge and an important learning mode in the age of big data. The development of MOOC brings about far- reaching impact on sharing and constructing the high quality education resources in the w orld,w hich may present great challenges to traditional teaching mode. Considering China's higher education environment and MOOC 's particular characteristics,this paper summarizes the development dilemmas of MOOC in China's higher educational environment and discusses the countermeasures as w ell as finds a suitable w ay for the development of informatization education.
基金supported by 2014 Planning Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province(AHSKY2014D140)by Project No.(JS2015HGXJ0074)and(2010HGXJ0945)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Honglou Mengis an invaluable asset of traditional Chinese literature.The translation of euphemisms differs greatly in two great English translation editions,from which we could see that difficulties and dilemmas exist everywhere in the translation of these euphemisms.In the thesis,similarities and differences of euphemisms in both Chinese and English are investigated,which lead to dilemmas existing in the process of translation in Honglou Meng.
文摘Recently P.Bokulich suggests a newway to grab the first horn of Hempel’s Dilemma.His strategy is to define "the physical" with "the stuff recognized by currently well-understood parts of physics",such as Quantum electrodynamics,as far as the mindbody problem is concerned.I argue that the physicalism doctrine formulated following Bokulich’s suggestion is still under the threat of being misjudged and also will not be welcomed by the physicalists.After considering some potential objections,I conclude that Bokulich’s strategy fails.
