The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the...The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the sample data of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2021,we apply a multi-period difference-in-differences model to analyze whether the implementation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies plays a leverage effect or a crowd out effect on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and systematically test the regulatory mechanism of government grants and media attention in the process of this influence.The empirical results show that the imple-mentation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies has a positive impact on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and that the green innovation induced by this reform is not the leverage effect of additional R&D investment on the basis of the existing innovation activities of enterprises but rather the result of the reallocation of resources to crowd out existing non-green innovation.It is further found that government grants and media attention positively moderate the positive driving effect of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises.展开更多
During maintainability demonstration,the maintenance time for complex systems consisting of mixed technologies generally conforms to a mixture distribution.However existing maintainability standards and guidance do no...During maintainability demonstration,the maintenance time for complex systems consisting of mixed technologies generally conforms to a mixture distribution.However existing maintainability standards and guidance do not explain explicitly how to deal with this situation.This paper develops a comprehensive maintainability demonstration method for complex systems with a mixed maintenance time distribution.First of all,a K-means algorithm and an expectation-maximization(EM)algorithm are used to partition the maintenance time data for all possible clusters.The Bayesian information criterion(BIC)is then used to choose the optimal model.After this,the clustering results for equipment are obtained according to their degree of membership.The degree of similarity for the maintainability of different kinds of equipment is then determined using the projection method.By using a Bootstrap method,the prior distribution is obtained from the maintenance time data for the most similar equipment.Then,a test method based on Bayesian theory is outlined for the maintainability demonstration.Finally,the viability of the proposed approach is illustrated by means of an example.展开更多
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) launched a nuclear hydrogen program to develop and demonstrate a hydrogen mass production system by 2019. The key feature of the system is to produce the hydrogen fro...The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) launched a nuclear hydrogen program to develop and demonstrate a hydrogen mass production system by 2019. The key feature of the system is to produce the hydrogen from water using nuclear power. No fossil fuel (energy) will be used and no greenhouse gas will be emitted. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), which has high safety characteristics with competitive economy, is being developed to provide a high temperature heat (about 1000℃) requir...展开更多
Space solar power(SSP)system,a major type of space-based power-generating equipment,is an important infrastructure providing massive,continuous,and stable green electricity by utilizing solar energy in space.Many coun...Space solar power(SSP)system,a major type of space-based power-generating equipment,is an important infrastructure providing massive,continuous,and stable green electricity by utilizing solar energy in space.Many countries and organizations consider SSP to be one of the most promising clean energy sources.The historical activities of SSP in the world are summarized.This review focuses on the significant development of SSP during the last 10 years,which is the most important period for SSP.The latest international SSP development programmes in the United States,ESA,Japan,China,UK and Korea are presented.Some significant solar power satellite(SPS)concepts proposed in the decade,including typical SPS-ALPHA,MR-SPS,CASSIOPeiA SPS,et al.,are introduced.The technical and non-technical challenges are also listed and several important in-space demonstration missions in recent years and in the near future are introduced.The conclusion is that the next 5 to 10 years will be an important period for rapidly developing the key technologies and conducting on-orbit demonstration and application.Controlling the mutual position relationship between the solar array and the transmitting antenna becomes a core issue to be considered in the innovative design of the SPS.Wireless power transmission technologies would be the demonstration focus for the first step.It is expected that the first commercial SPS would be constructed as early as 2040.展开更多
Vocabulary teaching is one aspect of language teaching that has not been given the attention it deserves until recent years. For a long period of time, vocabulary is simply taught in the way by asking students to stud...Vocabulary teaching is one aspect of language teaching that has not been given the attention it deserves until recent years. For a long period of time, vocabulary is simply taught in the way by asking students to study and memorize its meaning and spelling, its part of speech and its general function in a sentence. Thus, a student with a command of five thousand English vocabulary still finds it hard to adapt himself to the requirement of our demanding reading assignments, in particular, to the extensive reading task, which is more demanding due to its wide range of materials and large amount of vocabularies. According to Wilkins (1979: 111) "Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed." Yet without a deeper understanding of how vocabulary is taught in the classroom and which methods of teaching are more effective for learners, the teaching of vocabulary may not achieve the desired effects. By researching the topic on vocabulary learning and instruction, this essay intends to bring the attention of both teachers and learners to the weaknesses of the traditional approach of teaching vocabulary and some different strategies in vocabulary instruction with the aim of improving the students’ reading comprehension.\;展开更多
With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy...With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings. In order to ensure the validity of policy-making,this work firstly exerts a method to do cost-benefit analysis for three kinds of technologies such as building-integrated solar hot water (BISHW) system,building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology and ground water heat pump (GWHP). Through selecting a representative city of every climate region,the analysis comes into different results for different climate regions in China and respectively different suggestion for policy-making. On the analysis basis,the Ministry of Construction (MOC) and the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF) united to start-up Building-integrated Renewable Energy Demonstration Projects (BIREDP) in 2006. In the demonstration projects,renewable energy takes place of traditional energy to supply the domestic hot water,electricity,air-conditioning and heating. Through carrying out the demonstration projects,renewable energy related market has been expanded. More and more relative companies and local governments take the opportunity to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings.展开更多
The Department of Water Resources and Harbour Engineering was originally a division of hydraulic engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering in Peiyang University the first modern university founded in China in...The Department of Water Resources and Harbour Engineering was originally a division of hydraulic engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering in Peiyang University the first modern university founded in China in 1933. Since then, about 5000 students have graduated from the Department.展开更多
Mr. Yu Xingwu thought that the function word “zhi(止)” in the Book of Songs was the ancient Chinese character “zhi(之)”, which was not altered by the Han Dynasty’s scholars, and that when it functioned as a demon...Mr. Yu Xingwu thought that the function word “zhi(止)” in the Book of Songs was the ancient Chinese character “zhi(之)”, which was not altered by the Han Dynasty’s scholars, and that when it functioned as a demonstrative pronoun or a mood auxiliary at the end of a sentence, its function was equal to that of “zhi(之)”. In fact, the demonstrative pronoun “zhi(止)” and the mood auxiliary “zhi(止)” both evolved from the verb “zhi(止)”. As a demonstrative pronoun, “zhi(止)” and “zhi(之)” are different words with the same meaning; as a mood auxiliary word, “zhi(止)” corresponds to “yi(矣).” Besides, the form of “zhi(止)” is quite different from that of “zhi(之)”, so “zhi(止)” is unlikely to have evolved from “zhi(之)”.展开更多
The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM)grant program,within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants,is a pillar to implement China’s science and technology strategy in the a...The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM)grant program,within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants,is a pillar to implement China’s science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation.To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining,a section of mining,covering the research of basic theories,general technologies and application demonstration,was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of"whole chain design,integrated implementation".In the aspect of basic research,DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory,such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock,deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory.For the general and key technologies,DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting,excavation,rock breaking,mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines.For the demonstration application,taking green,safe and efficient as the starting point,DREAM aimed at the green,safe and high efficiency mining,and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining.Since 2016,10 R&D projects have been funded,and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved.It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China.展开更多
The Agricultural Engineering is a comprehensive academic journal under the charge of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,and sponsored by Beijing Prominion Publishing Co,.Ltd.It is launched in2011 u...The Agricultural Engineering is a comprehensive academic journal under the charge of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,and sponsored by Beijing Prominion Publishing Co,.Ltd.It is launched in2011 under CN 11-6025S and ISSN 2095-1795.The journal aims to interpret agricultural engineering policies,focus on innovations and breakthroughs with key technologies in all fields of agricultural engineering,integration of complete systems,and promotion and demonstration of ad-展开更多
By exploring the reasons leading to problems in university-enterprise cooperation,the paper explains the collaboration necessity in talents training between demonstrative software school and enterprises,puts forward c...By exploring the reasons leading to problems in university-enterprise cooperation,the paper explains the collaboration necessity in talents training between demonstrative software school and enterprises,puts forward conventional solutions and probes into the feasible modes of introducing resources from different channels.In addition,analysis is also made into possible stages in which problems might arise.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72474034)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by SAST(20240123)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China(21YJC630037,21YJC630057)Social Science Foundation of Xi’an(25JX218).
文摘The National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been assigned the unique mission of demonstrating and leading national innovation and playing a key supportive role in enhancing green innovation.Based on the sample data of A-share listed companies in China from 2007 to 2021,we apply a multi-period difference-in-differences model to analyze whether the implementation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies plays a leverage effect or a crowd out effect on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and systematically test the regulatory mechanism of government grants and media attention in the process of this influence.The empirical results show that the imple-mentation of the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies has a positive impact on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises and that the green innovation induced by this reform is not the leverage effect of additional R&D investment on the basis of the existing innovation activities of enterprises but rather the result of the reallocation of resources to crowd out existing non-green innovation.It is further found that government grants and media attention positively moderate the positive driving effect of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone policies on the green innovation efficiency of enterprises.
基金supported by the National Defense Pre-research Funds(9140A27010215JB34422)
文摘During maintainability demonstration,the maintenance time for complex systems consisting of mixed technologies generally conforms to a mixture distribution.However existing maintainability standards and guidance do not explain explicitly how to deal with this situation.This paper develops a comprehensive maintainability demonstration method for complex systems with a mixed maintenance time distribution.First of all,a K-means algorithm and an expectation-maximization(EM)algorithm are used to partition the maintenance time data for all possible clusters.The Bayesian information criterion(BIC)is then used to choose the optimal model.After this,the clustering results for equipment are obtained according to their degree of membership.The degree of similarity for the maintainability of different kinds of equipment is then determined using the projection method.By using a Bootstrap method,the prior distribution is obtained from the maintenance time data for the most similar equipment.Then,a test method based on Bayesian theory is outlined for the maintainability demonstration.Finally,the viability of the proposed approach is illustrated by means of an example.
文摘The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) launched a nuclear hydrogen program to develop and demonstrate a hydrogen mass production system by 2019. The key feature of the system is to produce the hydrogen from water using nuclear power. No fossil fuel (energy) will be used and no greenhouse gas will be emitted. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), which has high safety characteristics with competitive economy, is being developed to provide a high temperature heat (about 1000℃) requir...
基金Civil Aerospace Technology Research Project(D010103)。
文摘Space solar power(SSP)system,a major type of space-based power-generating equipment,is an important infrastructure providing massive,continuous,and stable green electricity by utilizing solar energy in space.Many countries and organizations consider SSP to be one of the most promising clean energy sources.The historical activities of SSP in the world are summarized.This review focuses on the significant development of SSP during the last 10 years,which is the most important period for SSP.The latest international SSP development programmes in the United States,ESA,Japan,China,UK and Korea are presented.Some significant solar power satellite(SPS)concepts proposed in the decade,including typical SPS-ALPHA,MR-SPS,CASSIOPeiA SPS,et al.,are introduced.The technical and non-technical challenges are also listed and several important in-space demonstration missions in recent years and in the near future are introduced.The conclusion is that the next 5 to 10 years will be an important period for rapidly developing the key technologies and conducting on-orbit demonstration and application.Controlling the mutual position relationship between the solar array and the transmitting antenna becomes a core issue to be considered in the innovative design of the SPS.Wireless power transmission technologies would be the demonstration focus for the first step.It is expected that the first commercial SPS would be constructed as early as 2040.
文摘Vocabulary teaching is one aspect of language teaching that has not been given the attention it deserves until recent years. For a long period of time, vocabulary is simply taught in the way by asking students to study and memorize its meaning and spelling, its part of speech and its general function in a sentence. Thus, a student with a command of five thousand English vocabulary still finds it hard to adapt himself to the requirement of our demanding reading assignments, in particular, to the extensive reading task, which is more demanding due to its wide range of materials and large amount of vocabularies. According to Wilkins (1979: 111) "Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed." Yet without a deeper understanding of how vocabulary is taught in the classroom and which methods of teaching are more effective for learners, the teaching of vocabulary may not achieve the desired effects. By researching the topic on vocabulary learning and instruction, this essay intends to bring the attention of both teachers and learners to the weaknesses of the traditional approach of teaching vocabulary and some different strategies in vocabulary instruction with the aim of improving the students’ reading comprehension.\;
文摘With the dramatic development of renewable energy all over the world,and for purpose of adjusting energy structure,the Ministry of Construction of China plans to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings. In order to ensure the validity of policy-making,this work firstly exerts a method to do cost-benefit analysis for three kinds of technologies such as building-integrated solar hot water (BISHW) system,building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology and ground water heat pump (GWHP). Through selecting a representative city of every climate region,the analysis comes into different results for different climate regions in China and respectively different suggestion for policy-making. On the analysis basis,the Ministry of Construction (MOC) and the Ministry of Finance of China (MOF) united to start-up Building-integrated Renewable Energy Demonstration Projects (BIREDP) in 2006. In the demonstration projects,renewable energy takes place of traditional energy to supply the domestic hot water,electricity,air-conditioning and heating. Through carrying out the demonstration projects,renewable energy related market has been expanded. More and more relative companies and local governments take the opportunity to promote the large scale application of renewable energy in buildings.
文摘The Department of Water Resources and Harbour Engineering was originally a division of hydraulic engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering in Peiyang University the first modern university founded in China in 1933. Since then, about 5000 students have graduated from the Department.
文摘Mr. Yu Xingwu thought that the function word “zhi(止)” in the Book of Songs was the ancient Chinese character “zhi(之)”, which was not altered by the Han Dynasty’s scholars, and that when it functioned as a demonstrative pronoun or a mood auxiliary at the end of a sentence, its function was equal to that of “zhi(之)”. In fact, the demonstrative pronoun “zhi(止)” and the mood auxiliary “zhi(止)” both evolved from the verb “zhi(止)”. As a demonstrative pronoun, “zhi(止)” and “zhi(之)” are different words with the same meaning; as a mood auxiliary word, “zhi(止)” corresponds to “yi(矣).” Besides, the form of “zhi(止)” is quite different from that of “zhi(之)”, so “zhi(止)” is unlikely to have evolved from “zhi(之)”.
基金Research project supported by the Implementation Rules of the Interim Measures for National Key R&D Program of China。
文摘The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM)grant program,within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants,is a pillar to implement China’s science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation.To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining,a section of mining,covering the research of basic theories,general technologies and application demonstration,was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of"whole chain design,integrated implementation".In the aspect of basic research,DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory,such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock,deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory.For the general and key technologies,DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting,excavation,rock breaking,mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines.For the demonstration application,taking green,safe and efficient as the starting point,DREAM aimed at the green,safe and high efficiency mining,and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining.Since 2016,10 R&D projects have been funded,and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved.It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China.
文摘The Agricultural Engineering is a comprehensive academic journal under the charge of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,and sponsored by Beijing Prominion Publishing Co,.Ltd.It is launched in2011 under CN 11-6025S and ISSN 2095-1795.The journal aims to interpret agricultural engineering policies,focus on innovations and breakthroughs with key technologies in all fields of agricultural engineering,integration of complete systems,and promotion and demonstration of ad-
文摘By exploring the reasons leading to problems in university-enterprise cooperation,the paper explains the collaboration necessity in talents training between demonstrative software school and enterprises,puts forward conventional solutions and probes into the feasible modes of introducing resources from different channels.In addition,analysis is also made into possible stages in which problems might arise.
