In this paper, we derive the explicit transformations of the optimal 1→3, 4, 5 phase-covariant cloning in three dimensions, and then generalize them to the cases of 1 → M = 3n, 3n ＋ 1, 3n ＋ 2 （n ≥ 1 integer） cl...In this paper, we derive the explicit transformations of the optimal 1→3, 4, 5 phase-covariant cloning in three dimensions, and then generalize them to the cases of 1 → M = 3n, 3n ＋ 1, 3n ＋ 2 （n ≥ 1 integer） cloning. The clone fidelities are coincident with the theoretical bounds found.展开更多
This paper presents a very simple method to derive the explicit transformations of the optimal economical 1 to M phase-covariant cloning. The fidelity of clones reaches the theoretic bound [D＇Ar]ano G M and Macchiave...This paper presents a very simple method to derive the explicit transformations of the optimal economical 1 to M phase-covariant cloning. The fidelity of clones reaches the theoretic bound [D＇Ar]ano G M and Macchiavello C 2003 Phys. Rev. A 67 042306]. The derived transformations cover the previous contributions [Delgado Y, Lamata Let al, 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 150502] in which M must be odd.展开更多
An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA encoding 4 coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism related to lignin forming, was cloned by degenerating oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ...An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA encoding 4 coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism related to lignin forming, was cloned by degenerating oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR. We designed 5′RACE primers based on 4CLA1 fragment which obtained from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enabled cloning of the remainder fragments of the gene included 5′ and 3′ end sequence. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 540 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with those of other cloned 4CL genes, contain domains typical of predicted 4CL proteins, in particular a postulated AMP binding site, catalytic domain, and conserved Cys residues.展开更多
PtLFY, a LEAFY （LFY） gene, was cloned from Populus tomentosa （LM50） by PCR. Sequencing analysis indicated that PtLFY was 2629 bp long, composed of three exons and two introns and encoded 378 amino acids. The splic...PtLFY, a LEAFY （LFY） gene, was cloned from Populus tomentosa （LM50） by PCR. Sequencing analysis indicated that PtLFY was 2629 bp long, composed of three exons and two introns and encoded 378 amino acids. The splice donor sites and the splice acceptor sites were in identical positions to the LFY and its homologues. The amino acid sequence inferred was 68%-99% homologous to those of LFY and its homologues by blast analysis in GenBank. The Southern blot analysis indicated that there was a single copy of the PtLFY gene in genomic DNA of male and female P. tomentosa （LM50 and 5082）. The pBI121-Ptalfy （reverse）-intron-Ptlfy-GUS-nos was constructed using RNA interference （RNAi） technique and verified by PCR and digestion identification and transformed into tobacco. Some transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by PCR and PCR-Southern identification. The growth was generally repressed in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type ones and some phenotypic differences were observed.展开更多
This paper proposes a scheme where one can realize quantum cloning of an unknown two-atom entangled state with assistance of a state preparer in cavity QED. The first stage of the scheme requires usual teleportation. ...This paper proposes a scheme where one can realize quantum cloning of an unknown two-atom entangled state with assistance of a state preparer in cavity QED. The first stage of the scheme requires usual teleportation. In the second stage of the scheme, with the assistance of the preparer, the perfect copies of an unknown atomic entangled state can be produced.展开更多
This paper proposes a scheme for the implementation of 1→ 3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning with trapped ions. In the present protocol, the required time for the whole procedure is short due to the resonant i...This paper proposes a scheme for the implementation of 1→ 3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning with trapped ions. In the present protocol, the required time for the whole procedure is short due to the resonant interaction, which is important in view of decoherence. Furthermore, the scheme is feasible based on current technologies.展开更多
We review the basic theory of approximate quantum cloning for discrete variables and some schemes for implementing quantum cloning machines. Several types of approximate quantum clones and their expansive quantum clon...We review the basic theory of approximate quantum cloning for discrete variables and some schemes for implementing quantum cloning machines. Several types of approximate quantum clones and their expansive quantum clones are intro- duced. As for the implementation of quantum cloning machines, we review some design methods and recent experimental results.展开更多
We describe a protocol for telecloning a quantum state to M distant users via an （ M ＋ 1）-particle W state, In the scheme, two atoms interact simultaneously with a highly detuned cavity mode with the assistance of ...We describe a protocol for telecloning a quantum state to M distant users via an （ M ＋ 1）-particle W state, In the scheme, two atoms interact simultaneously with a highly detuned cavity mode with the assistance of a classical field. The scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field. Moreover, the Bell-state measurement can be achieved by detecting two atoms separately. Thus telecloning can be realized in a simple way.展开更多
Two quantum logic networks are proposed to simulate a cloning machine that copies the states near a given one. Probabilistie cloning based on the first network is realized and the cloning probability of success based ...Two quantum logic networks are proposed to simulate a cloning machine that copies the states near a given one. Probabilistie cloning based on the first network is realized and the cloning probability of success based on the second network is lOOe/0. Therefore, the second network is more motivative than the first one.展开更多
Given the sequence of Chs gene promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana reported in GenBank （AF248988）, a pair of specific PCR primers was designed with the Primer Premier 5.0 software. PCR products of about 0.5 kb were s...Given the sequence of Chs gene promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana reported in GenBank （AF248988）, a pair of specific PCR primers was designed with the Primer Premier 5.0 software. PCR products of about 0.5 kb were successfully amplified with the genome DNA of A. thaliana as a DNA template and Taq polymerase as DNA polymerase. The purified PCR products were ligated to the pMD18-T vector. The sequencing result showed that the Chs promoter from A. thaliana was 531 bp long. Sequence alignment analysis based on the DNAMAN software revealed that the sequence similarity between the cloned promoter and target promoter （AF248988） was up to 100%. Online PLACE analysis indicated that the Chs promoter contained cis-elements such as TATA-box, CAAT-box, pollen-box, G-box, ACGT-containing element, R response element, Myb recognition element and TACPyAT-box. At the same time, a plant expression vectorpAtChs：：GUS which fused the Chs promoter and the marker gene GUS was successfully constructed.展开更多
The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants is to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） to ethylene by ACC oxidase （ACO）. In our investigation, a cross-introns genomic DNA gene encoding A...The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants is to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） to ethylene by ACC oxidase （ACO）. In our investigation, a cross-introns genomic DNA gene encoding ACC oxidase, PsgACO, was isolated from Paeonia suffruticosa. It revealed that PsgACO （FJ855434） has 1281 bases, containing four exons and three introns, en- coding 312 amino acids. The four exons stretched from 1 to 105, 217 to 434, 592 to 925 and 1000 to 1281 bases. A splicing junction sequence of all the exon-introns conformed to the GT-AG rule in the cross-intron genomic DNA sequence of the ACO gene. PsgACO showed high homology to many characterized ACC oxidases both at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels. As well, twelve amino acid residues were conserved among many ACOs from other species. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the amino acid of ACOs is quite conserved among the different eudicots. The phylogenetic tree showed that both the tree peony and herbaceous peony are quite isolated taxa. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of ACO is 35.29 kD, with a theoretical pI of 5.25. It is a non-secrete, stable hydrophilic protein, located in the cytoplasm.展开更多
A full-length cDNA sequence of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene （XET）, abundantly expressed in the cambium of Anthocephalus chinensis was cloned by conserved PCR, rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and by chromoso...A full-length cDNA sequence of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene （XET）, abundantly expressed in the cambium of Anthocephalus chinensis was cloned by conserved PCR, rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and by chromosome walking. Analytical results of the DNA sequence show that a 912 bp complete open reading frame （ORF） encoded a 303-amino acid protein was in the 1205 bp full cDNA sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of AcXET, which contained the conserved specific EIDFE catalytic site sequence to XETs was homologous to the other known XET proteins. In order to study the gene function of AcXET and obtain transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBIAcXET was constructed by recombinating the AcXET fragment from the cloning vector pMD19AcXET and the binary vector pBI121 between the XbaI and SmaI sites. The fragment ofAcXET gene was inserted between the CaMV 35S promotor and the coding region of the GUS gene in pBI121. The identification results show that the plant expression binary vector pBIAcXET was constructed successfully. These results lay the foundation for studying the molecular mechanism ofAcXET gene during wood formation.展开更多
This paper presents a quantum network to implement the optimal 1→2 quantum cloning in 2 dimensions, including the optimal asymmetric universal, the optimal symmetric phase-covariant, and the asymmetric real state clo...This paper presents a quantum network to implement the optimal 1→2 quantum cloning in 2 dimensions, including the optimal asymmetric universal, the optimal symmetric phase-covariant, and the asymmetric real state cloning. By only choosing different angles of the single-qubit rotations, the quantum network can implement three optimal quantum cloning.展开更多
For this paper, the plasma membrane （PM） H^＋-ATPase gene has been cloned from Populus euphratica Oliv. through a ho- mology based strategy. The isolated 3,210 bp cDNA contains a single 2,862 bp open reading frame ...For this paper, the plasma membrane （PM） H^＋-ATPase gene has been cloned from Populus euphratica Oliv. through a ho- mology based strategy. The isolated 3,210 bp cDNA contains a single 2,862 bp open reading frame （ORF） which encodes a putative H^＋-ATPase protein of 953 amino acid residues, with a significant homology to plasma membrane H^＋-ATPase of Prunus persica, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesbania rostrata and Daucus carota. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 104,553 Da. The copy number analysis revealed multiple copies of the PM H^＋-ATPase in the P. euphratica genome after digestion of their genomic DNA by the restriction enzymes EcoRI, NdeI, FbaI and Bg/Ⅱ, and Southern blot.展开更多
Quantum steering in a global state allows an observer to remotely steer a subsystem into different ensembles by performing different local measurements on the other part. We show that, in general, this property cannot...Quantum steering in a global state allows an observer to remotely steer a subsystem into different ensembles by performing different local measurements on the other part. We show that, in general, this property cannot be perfectly cloned by any joint operation between a steered subsystem and a third system. Perfect cloning is viable if and only if the initial state is of zero discord. We also investigate the process of cloning the steered qubit of a Bell state using a universal cloning machine. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering, which is a type of quantum correlation existing in the states without a local-hidden-state model, is observed in the two copy subsystems. This contradicts the conclusion of no-cloning of quantum steering(EPR steering) [C. Y. Chiu et al.,npj Quantum Inf. 2, 16020(2016)] based on a mutual information criterion for EPR steering.展开更多
Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed through plant kingdom and are characterized by the presence of a central hydrophobic cavity, suitable for binding various hydrophobic molecules...Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed through plant kingdom and are characterized by the presence of a central hydrophobic cavity, suitable for binding various hydrophobic molecules. Despite extensive research on nsLTP in different plant species, mostly angiosperm, and the great diversity of physiological processes in which they seem to be involved, their exact functions still remain unclear. Also, very limited experimental data are available on nsLTP in gymnosperm. In this study, we report for the first time on the molecular cloning of nsLTP, from Pinus sylvestris L.(PsLTP1, GenBank accession JN980402.1) and the expression pattern of PsLTP1 during ontogenesis and in response to environmental stress conditions. Total RNA from roots of 7-day old pine seedlings was used to isolate the cDNA clone, corresponding to Scots pine lipid transfer protein. The open reading frame of PsLTP1 consists of 372 bp encoding a protein of 123 amino acids. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that mature PsLTP1 shares high level of similarity with nsLTP from other conifers and with well-studied nsLTPs from angiosperms. The PsLTP1 contains a 27-amino-acid N-terminal signal sequence and presents all the features of a plant nsLTP. Amino acid comparison analysis and 3D structure prediction showed that PsLTP1 is a type 1 nsLTP. The results of the expression analysis of Scots pine PsLTP1 gene revealed that its transcripts accumulate in actively growing tissues. Furthermore, transcription of PsLTP1 was upregulated in response to cold and salt treatments, and downregulated during acidic, osmotic and water stresses.展开更多
Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’ H) and 3’,5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’ H) generate precursor molecules for the synthesis of cyanidin-based anthocyanins(red) and delphinidin-based anthocyanins(blue to purple) in Ribes nigru...Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’ H) and 3’,5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’ H) generate precursor molecules for the synthesis of cyanidin-based anthocyanins(red) and delphinidin-based anthocyanins(blue to purple) in Ribes nigrum L.(black currant). In this study, full-length 1780 and 165’-bp cDNA homologs of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 from black currant were identified and cloned using a homologous cloning technique. Data revealed that Rn F3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 are homologs that encode enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis from different plants,which phylogenetically cluster with the CYP75 B and CYP75 A families in the P45’ superfamily, respectively.The enzymes encoded by these two genes also shared a high homology with flavonoid hydroxylases identified from other plants. Furthermore, RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 levels were upregulated during fruit maturation. RnF3’5’ H1 levels were associated with both anthocyanin and soluble carbohydrate levels in blackcurrant, while RnF3’ H1 expression did not have such an association. The structure and expression patterns of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 in blackcurrant were also characterized. Further studies should aid understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in black currant to develop molecular approaches and manipulate anthocyanin production in blackcurrant.展开更多
Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucle...Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucleotide binding site domains. In this study, we cloned and char- acterized gene-resistant analogs （RGAs） from Eucalyptus grandis using degenerate PCR, with primers specifically targeting these two domains. The amplified fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. Among the 90 clones obtained, 13 were sequenced and compared with each other and with previ- ously identified gene-resistant diseases. A BLASTX search in GenBank revealed high similarities among the con- served domains of these cloned genes with RGA genes. Some clones, however, showed no significant similarity with DNA sequences in GenBank. Southern blotting ana- lysis identified several polymorphic RFLP loci between distinct genotypes. However, none of them co-segregated with the Puccinia psidii Winter resistance gene 1 （Ppr1） in a population study.展开更多
The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that op...The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that open reading frames of LdCAT contains 1524 bp,encoding 507 amino acids with molecular weight of 126.99 kDa,theoretical pI of 5.00,aliphatic index of 29.92,grand average of hydropathicity of 0.764,and instability index(II)of 46.56.Protein BLAST and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LdCAT had high identity with CAT from other insects,especially lepidopterans.In a phylogenetic analysis,LdCAT was most similar to CAT from Spodoptera litura and S.exigua.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction showed that LdCAT transcripts in all instar larvae and the five tissues tested,verifying the ubiquity of LdCAT in L.disapr.Moreover,LdCAT of third instar larvae was significantly upregulated after they fed on avermectin at sublethal and LC10 doses.The highest relative transcript levels were found 2 h after an avermectin spray at LC90,and in the cuticula,rather than heads,fat bodies,malpighian tubes,and midguts after a spray avermectin at a sublethal concentration.The expression level of LdCAT under pesticide stresses here suggested that CAT is an important antioxidant enzyme of L.disapr defensing against pesticide stress and may be a good target for controlling this pest.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11074002,61073048,and 11104057)the Natural Science Foundationof the Education Department of Anhui Province,China(Grant Nos.KJ2010ZD08 and KJ2012A245)the Postgraduate Program of Huainan NormalUniversity of China
文摘In this paper, we derive the explicit transformations of the optimal 1→3, 4, 5 phase-covariant cloning in three dimensions, and then generalize them to the cases of 1 → M = 3n, 3n ＋ 1, 3n ＋ 2 （n ≥ 1 integer） cloning. The clone fidelities are coincident with the theoretical bounds found.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10674001)the Program of the Education Department of Anhui Province of China (Grant No KJ2007A002)
文摘This paper presents a very simple method to derive the explicit transformations of the optimal economical 1 to M phase-covariant cloning. The fidelity of clones reaches the theoretic bound [D＇Ar]ano G M and Macchiavello C 2003 Phys. Rev. A 67 042306]. The derived transformations cover the previous contributions [Delgado Y, Lamata Let al, 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 150502] in which M must be odd.
文摘An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA encoding 4 coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism related to lignin forming, was cloned by degenerating oligo primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) PCR. We designed 5′RACE primers based on 4CLA1 fragment which obtained from degenerate PCR. Inverse PCR and nested PCR enabled cloning of the remainder fragments of the gene included 5′ and 3′ end sequence. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 540 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibits significant homology with those of other cloned 4CL genes, contain domains typical of predicted 4CL proteins, in particular a postulated AMP binding site, catalytic domain, and conserved Cys residues.
文摘PtLFY, a LEAFY （LFY） gene, was cloned from Populus tomentosa （LM50） by PCR. Sequencing analysis indicated that PtLFY was 2629 bp long, composed of three exons and two introns and encoded 378 amino acids. The splice donor sites and the splice acceptor sites were in identical positions to the LFY and its homologues. The amino acid sequence inferred was 68%-99% homologous to those of LFY and its homologues by blast analysis in GenBank. The Southern blot analysis indicated that there was a single copy of the PtLFY gene in genomic DNA of male and female P. tomentosa （LM50 and 5082）. The pBI121-Ptalfy （reverse）-intron-Ptlfy-GUS-nos was constructed using RNA interference （RNAi） technique and verified by PCR and digestion identification and transformed into tobacco. Some transgenic tobacco plants were obtained by PCR and PCR-Southern identification. The growth was generally repressed in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type ones and some phenotypic differences were observed.
文摘This paper proposes a scheme where one can realize quantum cloning of an unknown two-atom entangled state with assistance of a state preparer in cavity QED. The first stage of the scheme requires usual teleportation. In the second stage of the scheme, with the assistance of the preparer, the perfect copies of an unknown atomic entangled state can be produced.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos10574022 and 10575022)the Funds of the Natural Science of Fujian Province,China(Grant Nos Z0512006 and A0210014)
文摘This paper proposes a scheme for the implementation of 1→ 3 optimal phase-covariant quantum cloning with trapped ions. In the present protocol, the required time for the whole procedure is short due to the resonant interaction, which is important in view of decoherence. Furthermore, the scheme is feasible based on current technologies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11074002,61275119,and 11247009)the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20103401110003)
文摘We review the basic theory of approximate quantum cloning for discrete variables and some schemes for implementing quantum cloning machines. Several types of approximate quantum clones and their expansive quantum clones are intro- duced. As for the implementation of quantum cloning machines, we review some design methods and recent experimental results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10374025.
文摘We describe a protocol for telecloning a quantum state to M distant users via an （ M ＋ 1）-particle W state, In the scheme, two atoms interact simultaneously with a highly detuned cavity mode with the assistance of a classical field. The scheme is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field. Moreover, the Bell-state measurement can be achieved by detecting two atoms separately. Thus telecloning can be realized in a simple way.
文摘Two quantum logic networks are proposed to simulate a cloning machine that copies the states near a given one. Probabilistie cloning based on the first network is realized and the cloning probability of success based on the second network is lOOe/0. Therefore, the second network is more motivative than the first one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30740013)the Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forestry Trees and Ornamental Plants,Ministry of Education (03-05)
文摘Given the sequence of Chs gene promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana reported in GenBank （AF248988）, a pair of specific PCR primers was designed with the Primer Premier 5.0 software. PCR products of about 0.5 kb were successfully amplified with the genome DNA of A. thaliana as a DNA template and Taq polymerase as DNA polymerase. The purified PCR products were ligated to the pMD18-T vector. The sequencing result showed that the Chs promoter from A. thaliana was 531 bp long. Sequence alignment analysis based on the DNAMAN software revealed that the sequence similarity between the cloned promoter and target promoter （AF248988） was up to 100%. Online PLACE analysis indicated that the Chs promoter contained cis-elements such as TATA-box, CAAT-box, pollen-box, G-box, ACGT-containing element, R response element, Myb recognition element and TACPyAT-box. At the same time, a plant expression vectorpAtChs：：GUS which fused the Chs promoter and the marker gene GUS was successfully constructed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30740013)the Foundation for Young University Key Teachers of the Educational Commission of Henan Province, China(No. 2010GGJS-075)
文摘The last step of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants is to convert 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid （ACC） to ethylene by ACC oxidase （ACO）. In our investigation, a cross-introns genomic DNA gene encoding ACC oxidase, PsgACO, was isolated from Paeonia suffruticosa. It revealed that PsgACO （FJ855434） has 1281 bases, containing four exons and three introns, en- coding 312 amino acids. The four exons stretched from 1 to 105, 217 to 434, 592 to 925 and 1000 to 1281 bases. A splicing junction sequence of all the exon-introns conformed to the GT-AG rule in the cross-intron genomic DNA sequence of the ACO gene. PsgACO showed high homology to many characterized ACC oxidases both at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels. As well, twelve amino acid residues were conserved among many ACOs from other species. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the amino acid of ACOs is quite conserved among the different eudicots. The phylogenetic tree showed that both the tree peony and herbaceous peony are quite isolated taxa. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of ACO is 35.29 kD, with a theoretical pI of 5.25. It is a non-secrete, stable hydrophilic protein, located in the cytoplasm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30901158)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 104243)
文摘A full-length cDNA sequence of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase gene （XET）, abundantly expressed in the cambium of Anthocephalus chinensis was cloned by conserved PCR, rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and by chromosome walking. Analytical results of the DNA sequence show that a 912 bp complete open reading frame （ORF） encoded a 303-amino acid protein was in the 1205 bp full cDNA sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of AcXET, which contained the conserved specific EIDFE catalytic site sequence to XETs was homologous to the other known XET proteins. In order to study the gene function of AcXET and obtain transgenic plants, a plant expression vector pBIAcXET was constructed by recombinating the AcXET fragment from the cloning vector pMD19AcXET and the binary vector pBI121 between the XbaI and SmaI sites. The fragment ofAcXET gene was inserted between the CaMV 35S promotor and the coding region of the GUS gene in pBI121. The identification results show that the plant expression binary vector pBIAcXET was constructed successfully. These results lay the foundation for studying the molecular mechanism ofAcXET gene during wood formation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10674001)also by the Program of the Education Department of Anhui Province (Grant No KJ2007A002)
文摘This paper presents a quantum network to implement the optimal 1→2 quantum cloning in 2 dimensions, including the optimal asymmetric universal, the optimal symmetric phase-covariant, and the asymmetric real state cloning. By only choosing different angles of the single-qubit rotations, the quantum network can implement three optimal quantum cloning.
文摘For this paper, the plasma membrane （PM） H^＋-ATPase gene has been cloned from Populus euphratica Oliv. through a ho- mology based strategy. The isolated 3,210 bp cDNA contains a single 2,862 bp open reading frame （ORF） which encodes a putative H^＋-ATPase protein of 953 amino acid residues, with a significant homology to plasma membrane H^＋-ATPase of Prunus persica, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sesbania rostrata and Daucus carota. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 104,553 Da. The copy number analysis revealed multiple copies of the PM H^＋-ATPase in the P. euphratica genome after digestion of their genomic DNA by the restriction enzymes EcoRI, NdeI, FbaI and Bg/Ⅱ, and Southern blot.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675119, 11575125, and 11105097)。
文摘Quantum steering in a global state allows an observer to remotely steer a subsystem into different ensembles by performing different local measurements on the other part. We show that, in general, this property cannot be perfectly cloned by any joint operation between a steered subsystem and a third system. Perfect cloning is viable if and only if the initial state is of zero discord. We also investigate the process of cloning the steered qubit of a Bell state using a universal cloning machine. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering, which is a type of quantum correlation existing in the states without a local-hidden-state model, is observed in the two copy subsystems. This contradicts the conclusion of no-cloning of quantum steering(EPR steering) [C. Y. Chiu et al.,npj Quantum Inf. 2, 16020(2016)] based on a mutual information criterion for EPR steering.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine(0116U003593)grant from cieA3(Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario)-UCO,Spain
文摘Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed through plant kingdom and are characterized by the presence of a central hydrophobic cavity, suitable for binding various hydrophobic molecules. Despite extensive research on nsLTP in different plant species, mostly angiosperm, and the great diversity of physiological processes in which they seem to be involved, their exact functions still remain unclear. Also, very limited experimental data are available on nsLTP in gymnosperm. In this study, we report for the first time on the molecular cloning of nsLTP, from Pinus sylvestris L.(PsLTP1, GenBank accession JN980402.1) and the expression pattern of PsLTP1 during ontogenesis and in response to environmental stress conditions. Total RNA from roots of 7-day old pine seedlings was used to isolate the cDNA clone, corresponding to Scots pine lipid transfer protein. The open reading frame of PsLTP1 consists of 372 bp encoding a protein of 123 amino acids. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that mature PsLTP1 shares high level of similarity with nsLTP from other conifers and with well-studied nsLTPs from angiosperms. The PsLTP1 contains a 27-amino-acid N-terminal signal sequence and presents all the features of a plant nsLTP. Amino acid comparison analysis and 3D structure prediction showed that PsLTP1 is a type 1 nsLTP. The results of the expression analysis of Scots pine PsLTP1 gene revealed that its transcripts accumulate in actively growing tissues. Furthermore, transcription of PsLTP1 was upregulated in response to cold and salt treatments, and downregulated during acidic, osmotic and water stresses.
基金supported by Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.C2016015)with a project titled‘‘Biological function analysis of F3050H gene of black currant(Ribes nigrum L.)’’
文摘Flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase(F3’ H) and 3’,5’-hydroxylase(F3’5’ H) generate precursor molecules for the synthesis of cyanidin-based anthocyanins(red) and delphinidin-based anthocyanins(blue to purple) in Ribes nigrum L.(black currant). In this study, full-length 1780 and 165’-bp cDNA homologs of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 from black currant were identified and cloned using a homologous cloning technique. Data revealed that Rn F3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 are homologs that encode enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis from different plants,which phylogenetically cluster with the CYP75 B and CYP75 A families in the P45’ superfamily, respectively.The enzymes encoded by these two genes also shared a high homology with flavonoid hydroxylases identified from other plants. Furthermore, RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 levels were upregulated during fruit maturation. RnF3’5’ H1 levels were associated with both anthocyanin and soluble carbohydrate levels in blackcurrant, while RnF3’ H1 expression did not have such an association. The structure and expression patterns of RnF3’5’ H1 and RnF3’ H1 in blackcurrant were also characterized. Further studies should aid understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in black currant to develop molecular approaches and manipulate anthocyanin production in blackcurrant.
基金the Suzano Celulose S/A for logistical supportthe‘‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico’’(CNPq)+1 种基金the‘‘Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’’(CAPES)the‘‘Fundao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais’’(FAPEMIG)for financial support to this study
文摘Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucleotide binding site domains. In this study, we cloned and char- acterized gene-resistant analogs （RGAs） from Eucalyptus grandis using degenerate PCR, with primers specifically targeting these two domains. The amplified fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. Among the 90 clones obtained, 13 were sequenced and compared with each other and with previ- ously identified gene-resistant diseases. A BLASTX search in GenBank revealed high similarities among the con- served domains of these cloned genes with RGA genes. Some clones, however, showed no significant similarity with DNA sequences in GenBank. Southern blotting ana- lysis identified several polymorphic RFLP loci between distinct genotypes. However, none of them co-segregated with the Puccinia psidii Winter resistance gene 1 （Ppr1） in a population study.
文摘The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that open reading frames of LdCAT contains 1524 bp,encoding 507 amino acids with molecular weight of 126.99 kDa,theoretical pI of 5.00,aliphatic index of 29.92,grand average of hydropathicity of 0.764,and instability index(II)of 46.56.Protein BLAST and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LdCAT had high identity with CAT from other insects,especially lepidopterans.In a phylogenetic analysis,LdCAT was most similar to CAT from Spodoptera litura and S.exigua.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction showed that LdCAT transcripts in all instar larvae and the five tissues tested,verifying the ubiquity of LdCAT in L.disapr.Moreover,LdCAT of third instar larvae was significantly upregulated after they fed on avermectin at sublethal and LC10 doses.The highest relative transcript levels were found 2 h after an avermectin spray at LC90,and in the cuticula,rather than heads,fat bodies,malpighian tubes,and midguts after a spray avermectin at a sublethal concentration.The expression level of LdCAT under pesticide stresses here suggested that CAT is an important antioxidant enzyme of L.disapr defensing against pesticide stress and may be a good target for controlling this pest.
