Shanxi Province is a region with frequent occurrence of earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards, and agrobiohazards in China. The study shows that the formation and development of the...Shanxi Province is a region with frequent occurrence of earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards, and agrobiohazards in China. The study shows that the formation and development of the down-faulted basin zone in Shanxi Province provides an available condition for preparation and occurrence of these hazards, so that the basin zone becomes an area with frequent occurrence of the hazards, such as earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards and agrobiohazards in Shanxi and with their most serious interaction and mutual intensification. Moreover, the basin zone is an area with dense population and most concentrated industrial and agricultural productions and social-economic property in Shanxi. The comprehensive effect of the two factors caused the zone to be a high natural disaster risk area in Shanxi. For reduction of natural disasters and ensuring the sustainable social-economic development in Shanxi, it is necessary to regard the basin zone as an important area for disaster reduction in Shanxi and to carry out integrated disaster reduction.展开更多
Integrating disaster waste issue is a critical component of making humanitarian action fit for the future,anticipating global risks and challenges such as increased vulnerability due to climate change and environmenta...Integrating disaster waste issue is a critical component of making humanitarian action fit for the future,anticipating global risks and challenges such as increased vulnerability due to climate change and environmental degradation.This requires a fundamental shift towards a model that not only strengthens the response to crises but also learns and adapts in order to anticipate and act before such waste garnered.This article conducted analyses on the characteristics of disasters in the past two decades.Uncertainties confound disaster waste management,including the timing and magnitude of each disaster,and the amounts and types of waste that will be generated.For these reasons alone,disaster waste management must be an integral part of development planning and processes.Making 10 years since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,this article highlights that disaster waste management is not only debris clearance or waste management following a disaster,but also includes prevention and pre-disaster preparedness aspects in terms of enhancing resilience of local communities.Such"mainstreaming,"ensures that disaster waste management(DWM)will be treated as a priority issue,on an ongoing basis.Based on UN Environment's experiences and approaches,this paper emphasises that preparedness is the key,and that priority should be accorded to integrating disaster contingency planning in national and city level waste management strategies as well as mainstreaming waste management issues within broader disaster preparedness and response plans and actions.It is envisaged that the issues presented and the gaps identified in this paper will provide a basis for future comprehensive and cohesive research on disaster waste management.In turn,this research can lead to better preparedness and response on disaster waste management.展开更多
为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spe...为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spearman和Pearson相关性分析,以及ReliefF特征选择方法进行关键因子筛选,形成3组因子,分别应用Logistic回归等5种分类器和多元线性回归等5种回归方法构建模型,实现了对灾变的精准识别、程度分级和指数回归预测。通过对不同模型性能评估和各因子影响的对比分析,结果表明:所选分类器在气象与遥感因子协同及各独自建模情形下,均能识别穗发芽霉变并准确预测其等级,识别的准确率(accuracy,AC)在0.649~0.811,等级预测的AC在0.432~0.622之间;在穗发芽霉变指数(ear germination and moldiness index,EGMI)预测方面,构建的PCFXGBR模型表现最佳,R^(2)为0.25,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为15.68,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)为11.93。研究发现,遥感模型在灾变识别上更具优势,而气象模型在灾变程度分级上更优,结合两者的气象-遥感协同模型性能最佳。该研究成果为小麦连阴雨减损与灾后评估提供了有力的技术支持。展开更多
基金Key State Science and Technology Projects during the 10th Five-year Plan (2001-BA608B-13 and 2001-BA601B-04) and Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (102087).
文摘Shanxi Province is a region with frequent occurrence of earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards, and agrobiohazards in China. The study shows that the formation and development of the down-faulted basin zone in Shanxi Province provides an available condition for preparation and occurrence of these hazards, so that the basin zone becomes an area with frequent occurrence of the hazards, such as earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards and agrobiohazards in Shanxi and with their most serious interaction and mutual intensification. Moreover, the basin zone is an area with dense population and most concentrated industrial and agricultural productions and social-economic property in Shanxi. The comprehensive effect of the two factors caused the zone to be a high natural disaster risk area in Shanxi. For reduction of natural disasters and ensuring the sustainable social-economic development in Shanxi, it is necessary to regard the basin zone as an important area for disaster reduction in Shanxi and to carry out integrated disaster reduction.
文摘Integrating disaster waste issue is a critical component of making humanitarian action fit for the future,anticipating global risks and challenges such as increased vulnerability due to climate change and environmental degradation.This requires a fundamental shift towards a model that not only strengthens the response to crises but also learns and adapts in order to anticipate and act before such waste garnered.This article conducted analyses on the characteristics of disasters in the past two decades.Uncertainties confound disaster waste management,including the timing and magnitude of each disaster,and the amounts and types of waste that will be generated.For these reasons alone,disaster waste management must be an integral part of development planning and processes.Making 10 years since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,this article highlights that disaster waste management is not only debris clearance or waste management following a disaster,but also includes prevention and pre-disaster preparedness aspects in terms of enhancing resilience of local communities.Such"mainstreaming,"ensures that disaster waste management(DWM)will be treated as a priority issue,on an ongoing basis.Based on UN Environment's experiences and approaches,this paper emphasises that preparedness is the key,and that priority should be accorded to integrating disaster contingency planning in national and city level waste management strategies as well as mainstreaming waste management issues within broader disaster preparedness and response plans and actions.It is envisaged that the issues presented and the gaps identified in this paper will provide a basis for future comprehensive and cohesive research on disaster waste management.In turn,this research can lead to better preparedness and response on disaster waste management.
文摘为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spearman和Pearson相关性分析,以及ReliefF特征选择方法进行关键因子筛选,形成3组因子,分别应用Logistic回归等5种分类器和多元线性回归等5种回归方法构建模型,实现了对灾变的精准识别、程度分级和指数回归预测。通过对不同模型性能评估和各因子影响的对比分析,结果表明:所选分类器在气象与遥感因子协同及各独自建模情形下,均能识别穗发芽霉变并准确预测其等级,识别的准确率(accuracy,AC)在0.649~0.811,等级预测的AC在0.432~0.622之间;在穗发芽霉变指数(ear germination and moldiness index,EGMI)预测方面,构建的PCFXGBR模型表现最佳,R^(2)为0.25,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为15.68,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)为11.93。研究发现,遥感模型在灾变识别上更具优势,而气象模型在灾变程度分级上更优,结合两者的气象-遥感协同模型性能最佳。该研究成果为小麦连阴雨减损与灾后评估提供了有力的技术支持。
