Federated learning(FL)is a distributed machine learning paradigm for edge cloud computing.FL can facilitate data-driven decision-making in tactical scenarios,effectively addressing both data volume and infrastructure ...Federated learning(FL)is a distributed machine learning paradigm for edge cloud computing.FL can facilitate data-driven decision-making in tactical scenarios,effectively addressing both data volume and infrastructure challenges in edge environments.However,the diversity of clients in edge cloud computing presents significant challenges for FL.Personalized federated learning(pFL)received considerable attention in recent years.One example of pFL involves exploiting the global and local information in the local model.Current pFL algorithms experience limitations such as slow convergence speed,catastrophic forgetting,and poor performance in complex tasks,which still have significant shortcomings compared to the centralized learning.To achieve high pFL performance,we propose FedCLCC:Federated Contrastive Learning and Conditional Computing.The core of FedCLCC is the use of contrastive learning and conditional computing.Contrastive learning determines the feature representation similarity to adjust the local model.Conditional computing separates the global and local information and feeds it to their corresponding heads for global and local handling.Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that FedCLCC outperforms other state-of-the-art FL algorithms.展开更多
A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment ...A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.展开更多
为了实现在城市内涝舆情信息中快速、精准地识别相关风险要素,首先基于新浪微博平台,对用户评论信息及媒体发布信息进行采集、整理及标注,构建了城市内涝灾害事件语料数据集。进而针对城市内涝舆情信息格式不统一、语义复杂且风险要素...为了实现在城市内涝舆情信息中快速、精准地识别相关风险要素,首先基于新浪微博平台,对用户评论信息及媒体发布信息进行采集、整理及标注,构建了城市内涝灾害事件语料数据集。进而针对城市内涝舆情信息格式不统一、语义复杂且风险要素识别的专业性、精准度要求较高等问题,结合自然灾害系统理论的风险要素框架,提出了一种基于双向编码器表征法-双向长短期记忆-条件随机场(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Conditional Random Field,BERT-BiLSTM-CRF)的识别方法,并开展了一系列模型验证试验。对比试验结果表明,该模型在准确率、召回率、F_(1)三项指标上均有较好表现,其中准确率为84.62%,召回率为86.19%,F_(1)为85.35%,优于其他对比模型。消融试验结果表明,BERT预训练模型对于该模型性能有着更为显著的影响。综合上述试验结果,可以验证该模型能够有效识别城市内涝舆情信息中的各类风险要素,进而为城市内涝灾害风险管控的数智化转型提供研究依据。展开更多
条件随机场(condition random fields,CRFs)可用于解决各种文本分析问题,如自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)中的序列标记、中文分词、命名实体识别、实体间关系抽取等.传统的运行在单节点上的条件随机场在处理大规模文本...条件随机场(condition random fields,CRFs)可用于解决各种文本分析问题,如自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)中的序列标记、中文分词、命名实体识别、实体间关系抽取等.传统的运行在单节点上的条件随机场在处理大规模文本时,面临一系列挑战.一方面,个人计算机遇到处理的瓶颈从而难以胜任;另一方面,服务器执行效率较低.而通过升级服务器的硬件配置来提高其计算能力的方法,在处理大规模的文本分析任务时,终究不能从根本上解决问题.为此,采用"分而治之"的思想,基于Apache Spark的大数据处理框架设计并实现了运行在集群环境下的分布式CRFs——SparkCRF.实验表明,SparkCRF在文本分析任务中,具有高效的计算能力和较好的扩展性,并且具有与传统的单节点CRF++相同水平的准确率.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022D01B 187)。
文摘Federated learning(FL)is a distributed machine learning paradigm for edge cloud computing.FL can facilitate data-driven decision-making in tactical scenarios,effectively addressing both data volume and infrastructure challenges in edge environments.However,the diversity of clients in edge cloud computing presents significant challenges for FL.Personalized federated learning(pFL)received considerable attention in recent years.One example of pFL involves exploiting the global and local information in the local model.Current pFL algorithms experience limitations such as slow convergence speed,catastrophic forgetting,and poor performance in complex tasks,which still have significant shortcomings compared to the centralized learning.To achieve high pFL performance,we propose FedCLCC:Federated Contrastive Learning and Conditional Computing.The core of FedCLCC is the use of contrastive learning and conditional computing.Contrastive learning determines the feature representation similarity to adjust the local model.Conditional computing separates the global and local information and feeds it to their corresponding heads for global and local handling.Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that FedCLCC outperforms other state-of-the-art FL algorithms.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grand No.21XTJ001).
文摘A Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis of a power is important and useful in clinical trials.A Classical Conditional Power(CCP)is a probability of a classical rejection region given values of true treatment effect and interim result.For hypotheses and reversed hypotheses under normal models,we obtain analytical expressions of the ROC curves of the CCP,find optimal ROC curves of the CCP,investigate the superiority of the ROC curves of the CCP,calculate critical values of the False Positive Rate(FPR),True Positive Rate(TPR),and cutoff of the optimal CCP,and give go/no go decisions at the interim of the optimal CCP.In addition,extensive numerical experiments are carried out to exemplify our theoretical results.Finally,a real data example is performed to illustrate the go/no go decisions of the optimal CCP.
文摘为了实现在城市内涝舆情信息中快速、精准地识别相关风险要素,首先基于新浪微博平台,对用户评论信息及媒体发布信息进行采集、整理及标注,构建了城市内涝灾害事件语料数据集。进而针对城市内涝舆情信息格式不统一、语义复杂且风险要素识别的专业性、精准度要求较高等问题,结合自然灾害系统理论的风险要素框架,提出了一种基于双向编码器表征法-双向长短期记忆-条件随机场(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Conditional Random Field,BERT-BiLSTM-CRF)的识别方法,并开展了一系列模型验证试验。对比试验结果表明,该模型在准确率、召回率、F_(1)三项指标上均有较好表现,其中准确率为84.62%,召回率为86.19%,F_(1)为85.35%,优于其他对比模型。消融试验结果表明,BERT预训练模型对于该模型性能有着更为显著的影响。综合上述试验结果,可以验证该模型能够有效识别城市内涝舆情信息中的各类风险要素,进而为城市内涝灾害风险管控的数智化转型提供研究依据。
文摘条件随机场(condition random fields,CRFs)可用于解决各种文本分析问题,如自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)中的序列标记、中文分词、命名实体识别、实体间关系抽取等.传统的运行在单节点上的条件随机场在处理大规模文本时,面临一系列挑战.一方面,个人计算机遇到处理的瓶颈从而难以胜任;另一方面,服务器执行效率较低.而通过升级服务器的硬件配置来提高其计算能力的方法,在处理大规模的文本分析任务时,终究不能从根本上解决问题.为此,采用"分而治之"的思想,基于Apache Spark的大数据处理框架设计并实现了运行在集群环境下的分布式CRFs——SparkCRF.实验表明,SparkCRF在文本分析任务中,具有高效的计算能力和较好的扩展性,并且具有与传统的单节点CRF++相同水平的准确率.
