Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, mo...Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, moisture content, VSS, CODcr, pH, and germination index （GI）, were analyzed to characterize the composting process. Fermentation starts quickly in both forced and air ventilation compost heaps and reaches high-temperature stage after 2 d, owing to the bulking function of matured compost. Compared to air ventilation, however, forced ventilation enables the high-temperature stage to last longer for approximately 7 d. The moisture content of both compost bodies decreases from 62% to about 50% as a result of evaporation, and it decreases slightly faster in forced ventilation compost heap after 13 d due to the higher temperature and better ventilation condition. Although no obvious differences of VSS and pH are observed between both compost heaps, the soluble CODcr and GI show differences during the second half period of fermentation. In forced ventilation compost, the soluble CODcr has a small rebound after 13 d, and GI decreases from 46% to 35% but then increases. These results show that in general, the matured compost is a good conditioner and force ventilation with a proper air supply strategy can be more efficient than air ventilation.展开更多
The research was aimed at studying the effect of adding certain proportion chicken manure to cattle manure on compost below 0℃ with aerobic compost method, which was suitable for northern cold climate. The results in...The research was aimed at studying the effect of adding certain proportion chicken manure to cattle manure on compost below 0℃ with aerobic compost method, which was suitable for northern cold climate. The results indicated that the mixed compost completed 3 days earlier than the single compost, the temperature of the mixed compost rose to 50.7℃ at the 1st day,and achieved its highest temperature 74.4℃ at the 3rd day. The temperature of the single compost rose to 40.0℃ at the 1st day,rose to 55.6℃ at the 3rd day,and achieved its highest temperature 70.1℃ at the 5th day. Adding chicken manure had no impact on the variety trend of the process parameters such as moisture content, pH and C/N ratio, hut increased the variety range of these parameters.展开更多
The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting, and its effect on the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of humic a...The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting, and its effect on the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of humic acid (HA) was studied. The results show that the emission spectra have a sharp peak at 400 nm and a broad shoulder with the maximum centered at 460 nm. The excitation spectra have two peaks and exhibit red shift (shift to longer wavelengths) at 470 nm. The synchronous scan spectra present a number of peaks and shoulders, and the peaks at shorter wavelengths disappear gradually and form a shoulder. At the final stage of composting, the fluorescence spectra have similar shapes, but the fluorescence intensities decrease. P. chrysosporium increases the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA when it is inoculated during the second fermentation phase, while it does not produce an obvious change on the humification degree of HA when it is inoculated during the first fermentation phase. Compared with the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of HA from soil, the structure of HA from compost is simpler and the activity is higher.展开更多
The evolution of metal species during sludge composting in aerobic reactor has been widely investigated,but little is known in large scale.In this study,the transformations of heavy metals speciation(Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd)i...The evolution of metal species during sludge composting in aerobic reactor has been widely investigated,but little is known in large scale.In this study,the transformations of heavy metals speciation(Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd)in the process of sludge composting were studied in a bunker.Physico-chemical parameters,such as pH,moisture content(MC),organic matter(OM),humic acids(HA)and fulvic acids(FA)contents,were determined to evaluate their impacts on the redistribution of Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd in sludge compost.During the composting process,the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in oxidizable and residual forms increased,whereas the contents of the exchangeable Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd decreased,with a slight increase in the total heavy metal contents.The contents of Cu,Zn and Cd in carbonate form and the reducible Cu,Zn and Pb falled;however,the content of Pb in carbonate formed and the reducible Cd increased.The results indicated that heavy metals(Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd)in sewage sludge could be passivated during composting process.The heavy metals speciation in the compost correlated with the physico-chemical parameters.In addition,linear regression analysis indicated that the content of mobile Pb could predict the total content of Pb.The contents of the residue fraction for Pb,Zn and Cd were decreased,but those for Ni and Cr were increased;the Cu residue fraction was almost constant.The contents of the total mobile fractions(including fractions 1-4)for Zn and Pb were significantly increased,but the increase of those for Cu and Ni were not so remarkable.There were significant degrees of correlation between heavy metal fractions and changes of some selected parameters(for example,pH,composting temperature and OM content).Only the content of the total mobile fractions for Cu could be predictable from its total content.For the prediction of the total mobile fractions of Zn,Ni,Cd and Cr,the R2 value was significantly increased by the inclusion of other variables such as pH,temperature and OM content.展开更多
The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium(P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting and its effect on the spectroscopic characterization of humic acid(HA) was s...The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium(P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting and its effect on the spectroscopic characterization of humic acid(HA) was studied. Three runs were used in this study: Run A was the control without inoculating, and Runs B and C were inoculated P. chrysosporium during the first and the second fermentation phase, respectively. The elemental analysis, ultra-violet spectroscopy(UV), fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infra-red(FTIR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) of HA all lead to the same conclusion, that is, the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA increases after 42 days composting. However, the inoculation during different phases presents different effects. P. chrysosporium increases the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA when it is inoculated during the second fermentation phase, while it does not produce an obvious change on the humification degree of HA when it is inoculated during the first fermentation phase.展开更多
In sewage sludge composting, adding ash from stove （FA20） inactivated active Cu effectively and the results were significantly better than control. For Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd, satisfying results was,achieved by adding as...In sewage sludge composting, adding ash from stove （FA20） inactivated active Cu effectively and the results were significantly better than control. For Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd, satisfying results was,achieved by adding ash from stove and phosphorite powder （FA20, PR10）, phosphorite powder and lime （PR15, CL10）, ash from stove and phosphorite powder （FA10, PR10）, and ash from stove and peat （FA20, PT 10）. Based on their effects of inactivating available forms of heavy metals, ash from stove, phosphorite powder and peat were supposed to be effective inactivators with optimum percentages of 20%, 15% and 10% （FA20, PR15, PT10）.展开更多
Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agen...Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agent on composting were reviewed.The research and the application of microbial inoculation agent were also introduced. Based on the trend of the research, the promising prospect of microbial inoculation agent was discussed.展开更多
The compost of cattle manure was inoculated with complex microbial agent lower than 5 ℃ to explore the application of beneficial microbial agent and maturation accelerator aiming at accelerating the process of compos...The compost of cattle manure was inoculated with complex microbial agent lower than 5 ℃ to explore the application of beneficial microbial agent and maturation accelerator aiming at accelerating the process of compostimg under the low temperature Results showed that adding the maturation accelerator accelerated the process of composting and increased the nitrogen content of composting products. Inoculating the microogannic maturation agent made the composting temperature rise quickly and the maW.ration become better.展开更多
This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiencyin removing nitrous oxide gas (N_2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at KukusanKel...This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiencyin removing nitrous oxide gas (N_2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at KukusanKelurahan farm conlaing wood chips and some other microorganisms. Practicallyspeaking, N_2O is a major greenhouse gas, whose continuous presence in theatmosphere is expected to last over a 100 years and produce its radiative warmingeffect just next to CO_2. In spite of its rather small concentration in the atmosphere,it is the Number Four largest greenhouse gas contributor to the overallglobal warming, behind carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour. Thebiofiltration experiments we have conducted to explore its removing rate of N_2Ofrom flue gas help us to find various operating factors in the biofilter system. Sofar as we know, N_2O gas has been fed from the top of the column. It was flowingthrough the column when it is made to get circulated with a peristaltic pumpfor 6 hours. The data obtained in our paper prove to be in conformity with theLangmuir adsorption model. The highest N_2O gas removing efficiency can bemade to be as high as 70.22% at the highest biofilter length of 50 cm with thegas flowing rate of 200 mL/min. The results of this research have finally beenmodeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula with its K value obtainedbeing 16.949 L/mol.展开更多
Changes in the bacterial communities inhabiting Agaricus bisporus compost during Phase Ⅱ treatment were monitored using amplified rDNA restriction analysis(ARDRA).Sequence analysis data indicated that the bacterial c...Changes in the bacterial communities inhabiting Agaricus bisporus compost during Phase Ⅱ treatment were monitored using amplified rDNA restriction analysis(ARDRA).Sequence analysis data indicated that the bacterial communities associated with the compost samples were far richer in composition when determined by ARDRA compared with traditional methods based on bacterial isolation.Furthermore,the composition of the communities,especially in terms of the dominant bacteria during each of the four treatment stages(beginning of Phase Ⅱ,after pasteurization,5 days aeration,end of Phase Ⅱ,respectively),were very different.Restriction endonuclease digestion of mainly bacterial clones from four 16S rDNA libraries,C1,C3,C6 and C7,previously constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA fragments amplified from the four different stages of the Phase Ⅱ composting process,revealed the presence of unique microbial types.Thermophilic bacteria belonging to the Bacilli,and previously unreported strains of Trichococcus,Planococcus,Caryophanon,and subclass γ-Proteobacteria,were identified among the clones from the compost sampled during the aeration period(C6).Bacteria belonging to Thermus thermophilus and subclass α-Proteobacteria were detected in C1 and C7 composts sampled at the beginning and the end of Phase Ⅱ,respectively.Clones of some uncultured bacteria were also scored.展开更多
基金Projects(50978087,50908081)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Static aerobic composting of municipal sewage sludge with forced ventilation or air ventilation using matured compost as bulking conditioner was investigated. Physical and chemical parame ,eters, e.g., temperature, moisture content, VSS, CODcr, pH, and germination index （GI）, were analyzed to characterize the composting process. Fermentation starts quickly in both forced and air ventilation compost heaps and reaches high-temperature stage after 2 d, owing to the bulking function of matured compost. Compared to air ventilation, however, forced ventilation enables the high-temperature stage to last longer for approximately 7 d. The moisture content of both compost bodies decreases from 62% to about 50% as a result of evaporation, and it decreases slightly faster in forced ventilation compost heap after 13 d due to the higher temperature and better ventilation condition. Although no obvious differences of VSS and pH are observed between both compost heaps, the soluble CODcr and GI show differences during the second half period of fermentation. In forced ventilation compost, the soluble CODcr has a small rebound after 13 d, and GI decreases from 46% to 35% but then increases. These results show that in general, the matured compost is a good conditioner and force ventilation with a proper air supply strategy can be more efficient than air ventilation.
基金Supported by Prevent and Cure the Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Fund of Exchequer Department National Environmental Protection Department (2004)
文摘The research was aimed at studying the effect of adding certain proportion chicken manure to cattle manure on compost below 0℃ with aerobic compost method, which was suitable for northern cold climate. The results indicated that the mixed compost completed 3 days earlier than the single compost, the temperature of the mixed compost rose to 50.7℃ at the 1st day,and achieved its highest temperature 74.4℃ at the 3rd day. The temperature of the single compost rose to 40.0℃ at the 1st day,rose to 55.6℃ at the 3rd day,and achieved its highest temperature 70.1℃ at the 5th day. Adding chicken manure had no impact on the variety trend of the process parameters such as moisture content, pH and C/N ratio, hut increased the variety range of these parameters.
基金Project(2005CB724203) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(IRT0719) supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China+1 种基金Projects(50608029,50808073) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007185) supported by the Environmental Protection Technology Research Program of Hunan Province,China
文摘The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting, and its effect on the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of humic acid (HA) was studied. The results show that the emission spectra have a sharp peak at 400 nm and a broad shoulder with the maximum centered at 460 nm. The excitation spectra have two peaks and exhibit red shift (shift to longer wavelengths) at 470 nm. The synchronous scan spectra present a number of peaks and shoulders, and the peaks at shorter wavelengths disappear gradually and form a shoulder. At the final stage of composting, the fluorescence spectra have similar shapes, but the fluorescence intensities decrease. P. chrysosporium increases the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA when it is inoculated during the second fermentation phase, while it does not produce an obvious change on the humification degree of HA when it is inoculated during the first fermentation phase. Compared with the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of HA from soil, the structure of HA from compost is simpler and the activity is higher.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(31372351,31272484)。
文摘The evolution of metal species during sludge composting in aerobic reactor has been widely investigated,but little is known in large scale.In this study,the transformations of heavy metals speciation(Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd)in the process of sludge composting were studied in a bunker.Physico-chemical parameters,such as pH,moisture content(MC),organic matter(OM),humic acids(HA)and fulvic acids(FA)contents,were determined to evaluate their impacts on the redistribution of Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd in sludge compost.During the composting process,the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in oxidizable and residual forms increased,whereas the contents of the exchangeable Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd decreased,with a slight increase in the total heavy metal contents.The contents of Cu,Zn and Cd in carbonate form and the reducible Cu,Zn and Pb falled;however,the content of Pb in carbonate formed and the reducible Cd increased.The results indicated that heavy metals(Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd)in sewage sludge could be passivated during composting process.The heavy metals speciation in the compost correlated with the physico-chemical parameters.In addition,linear regression analysis indicated that the content of mobile Pb could predict the total content of Pb.The contents of the residue fraction for Pb,Zn and Cd were decreased,but those for Ni and Cr were increased;the Cu residue fraction was almost constant.The contents of the total mobile fractions(including fractions 1-4)for Zn and Pb were significantly increased,but the increase of those for Cu and Ni were not so remarkable.There were significant degrees of correlation between heavy metal fractions and changes of some selected parameters(for example,pH,composting temperature and OM content).Only the content of the total mobile fractions for Cu could be predictable from its total content.For the prediction of the total mobile fractions of Zn,Ni,Cd and Cr,the R2 value was significantly increased by the inclusion of other variables such as pH,temperature and OM content.
基金Projects(5110817851108423+2 种基金5103900151378190)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20100161110012)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium(P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting and its effect on the spectroscopic characterization of humic acid(HA) was studied. Three runs were used in this study: Run A was the control without inoculating, and Runs B and C were inoculated P. chrysosporium during the first and the second fermentation phase, respectively. The elemental analysis, ultra-violet spectroscopy(UV), fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infra-red(FTIR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) of HA all lead to the same conclusion, that is, the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA increases after 42 days composting. However, the inoculation during different phases presents different effects. P. chrysosporium increases the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA when it is inoculated during the second fermentation phase, while it does not produce an obvious change on the humification degree of HA when it is inoculated during the first fermentation phase.
文摘In sewage sludge composting, adding ash from stove （FA20） inactivated active Cu effectively and the results were significantly better than control. For Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd, satisfying results was,achieved by adding ash from stove and phosphorite powder （FA20, PR10）, phosphorite powder and lime （PR15, CL10）, ash from stove and phosphorite powder （FA10, PR10）, and ash from stove and peat （FA20, PT 10）. Based on their effects of inactivating available forms of heavy metals, ash from stove, phosphorite powder and peat were supposed to be effective inactivators with optimum percentages of 20%, 15% and 10% （FA20, PR15, PT10）.
基金Supported by Post-doctoral Management Office of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Z06161)Key Lab of Utilization and Protection of Black Soil (GXS08-1)
文摘Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agent on composting were reviewed.The research and the application of microbial inoculation agent were also introduced. Based on the trend of the research, the promising prospect of microbial inoculation agent was discussed.
基金Supported by Post-doctoral Management Office of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-Z06161)Key Lab of Utilization and Protection of BlackSoil (GXS08-1)Special-fund Project of Harbin Scientific Innovation Talented Person Studies (Youth Scientific Innovation Talented Person)(2009RFQXN098)
文摘The compost of cattle manure was inoculated with complex microbial agent lower than 5 ℃ to explore the application of beneficial microbial agent and maturation accelerator aiming at accelerating the process of compostimg under the low temperature Results showed that adding the maturation accelerator accelerated the process of composting and increased the nitrogen content of composting products. Inoculating the microogannic maturation agent made the composting temperature rise quickly and the maW.ration become better.
文摘This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiencyin removing nitrous oxide gas (N_2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at KukusanKelurahan farm conlaing wood chips and some other microorganisms. Practicallyspeaking, N_2O is a major greenhouse gas, whose continuous presence in theatmosphere is expected to last over a 100 years and produce its radiative warmingeffect just next to CO_2. In spite of its rather small concentration in the atmosphere,it is the Number Four largest greenhouse gas contributor to the overallglobal warming, behind carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour. Thebiofiltration experiments we have conducted to explore its removing rate of N_2Ofrom flue gas help us to find various operating factors in the biofilter system. Sofar as we know, N_2O gas has been fed from the top of the column. It was flowingthrough the column when it is made to get circulated with a peristaltic pumpfor 6 hours. The data obtained in our paper prove to be in conformity with theLangmuir adsorption model. The highest N_2O gas removing efficiency can bemade to be as high as 70.22% at the highest biofilter length of 50 cm with thegas flowing rate of 200 mL/min. The results of this research have finally beenmodeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula with its K value obtainedbeing 16.949 L/mol.
基金Supported by project of China Agricultural Ministry(No.nyhyzx-07-008)
文摘Changes in the bacterial communities inhabiting Agaricus bisporus compost during Phase Ⅱ treatment were monitored using amplified rDNA restriction analysis(ARDRA).Sequence analysis data indicated that the bacterial communities associated with the compost samples were far richer in composition when determined by ARDRA compared with traditional methods based on bacterial isolation.Furthermore,the composition of the communities,especially in terms of the dominant bacteria during each of the four treatment stages(beginning of Phase Ⅱ,after pasteurization,5 days aeration,end of Phase Ⅱ,respectively),were very different.Restriction endonuclease digestion of mainly bacterial clones from four 16S rDNA libraries,C1,C3,C6 and C7,previously constructed on the basis of 16S rDNA fragments amplified from the four different stages of the Phase Ⅱ composting process,revealed the presence of unique microbial types.Thermophilic bacteria belonging to the Bacilli,and previously unreported strains of Trichococcus,Planococcus,Caryophanon,and subclass γ-Proteobacteria,were identified among the clones from the compost sampled during the aeration period(C6).Bacteria belonging to Thermus thermophilus and subclass α-Proteobacteria were detected in C1 and C7 composts sampled at the beginning and the end of Phase Ⅱ,respectively.Clones of some uncultured bacteria were also scored.
