Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution ...Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution line in which one pair of展开更多
Gossypium, as the one of the biggest genera, the most diversity, and the highest economic value in field crops, is assuming an increasingly important role in studies on plant taxonomy, polyploidization, phylogeny, cyt...Gossypium, as the one of the biggest genera, the most diversity, and the highest economic value in field crops, is assuming an increasingly important role in studies on plant taxonomy, polyploidization, phylogeny, cytogenetics, and genomics. Here we update and provide a brief summary of the emerging picture of species relationships and diversification, and a set of the designations for individual genomes and chromosomes in Gossypium. This cytogenetic and genomic nomenclature will facilitate comparative studies worldwide, which range from basic taxonomic exploration to breeding and germplasm introgression.展开更多
While Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world production,its genetic improvement is hindered by the shortage of effective genomic tools and resources.The
The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of
Engineered minichromosomes have been constructed as novel artificial chromosome platforms for future genetic engineering in maize.We demonstrated that minichromosomes could be created by telomere-mediated chromosomal ...Engineered minichromosomes have been constructed as novel artificial chromosome platforms for future genetic engineering in maize.We demonstrated that minichromosomes could be created by telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation of both normal A chromosomes and the supernumerary展开更多
Restriction enzyme digestion of total genomic DNA of two chro-mosome type Paragonimus westermani showed the presence of homologus highlyrepeated DNA in diploid and triploid forms. Southern blot analysis providedfurthe...Restriction enzyme digestion of total genomic DNA of two chro-mosome type Paragonimus westermani showed the presence of homologus highlyrepeated DNA in diploid and triploid forms. Southern blot analysis providedfurther evidence that the distribution of restriction enzyme sites (with 3enzymes) on repeated DNA of both was similar. But with Pst Ⅰ、Dde Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲand Hpa Ⅱ. They revealed polymorphism which also occured individually ineach form tested separatedly with hybridization technique. Mutation of recog-nize sites by enzymes, which is resulted from the alternation of gene sequance,has occured during evolution. Additionally, it is probably possible, based on PstⅠand Dde Ⅰdigest pattern to distinguish between diploid and triploid Parag-onimus westermani and group the Paragonimus simply and rapidly.展开更多
The technology of cloning and transferring oflarge DNA fragments in plants is important forhigh-efficient identification of new genes andstudy of gene functions.Tranformation-competent artificial chromosome(TAC)vector...The technology of cloning and transferring oflarge DNA fragments in plants is important forhigh-efficient identification of new genes andstudy of gene functions.Tranformation-competent artificial chromosome(TAC)vectorsystem has been shown to be very useful forefficient gene isolation in Arobidopsis thaliana.In order to develop an efficient platform for展开更多
CSB14Sh,which is isogenic for its recurrent parent TM-1 except for chromosome 14 short arm,was crossed with TM-1,and the F2 population was produced.A total of 3800 SSR primer pairs covering the whole genome were used ...CSB14Sh,which is isogenic for its recurrent parent TM-1 except for chromosome 14 short arm,was crossed with TM-1,and the F2 population was produced.A total of 3800 SSR primer pairs covering the whole genome were used to screen polymorphism among two parents,TM-1 and CSB14Sh,展开更多
Multiple BAC-FISH is a powerful tool for modern cytogenetic researching in both animals and plants.But in cotton,this technique is unavailable due to the high percentage of repetitive sequences.
Ribes plants,like most of other fruit trees,are characterized by their large number but small size of somatic chromosomes.In the light of these special characteristics,we have examined several factorial combinations o...Ribes plants,like most of other fruit trees,are characterized by their large number but small size of somatic chromosomes.In the light of these special characteristics,we have examined several factorial combinations of material, pretreatment,slide preparing method and stain to identify the most promising techique for studying the chromosomes and further analyzing the karyotypes and chromosome banding of Ribes plants. The resuts indicated that the combination of root tip with pretreatment of 2 m molL-1 8-hydroxyquinoline plus 0.05% colchicine or 0.3% balm for 3～5 hours at 14℃,pre-hypotonic trcarment of 0.07mol L-1 KCl for 30 min, fixation in Carnoy's fluid,hydrolysis in 5% cellulase and 5% pectinase mixture for 4～5 hours at 25℃, post-hypotonic treatment in distilled water for half an hour and staining in Giemsa could make the chromosome prepa ration superior to other treatment combinations.展开更多
Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and th...Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and thermal neutronsand γ-irradiation of pollen.Numbers oftranslocations obtained were differed in M1, M2and M3 generation after irradiation and aftertreatment by different doses of irradiation.展开更多
The effects of different concentrations of manganous sulphate on root growth,cell division, chromosome and nucleus morphplogy and nucleoli in root tip-cells of Allium cepa L. were studied. The concentrations of mangan...The effects of different concentrations of manganous sulphate on root growth,cell division, chromosome and nucleus morphplogy and nucleoli in root tip-cells of Allium cepa L. were studied. The concentrations of manganous sulphate used were 10-7,10-6,10-5 ,10-4,10-3, 10-2 and 10-1mol/L. The results indicated that manganese had a stimulatory effect on the root growth at lower concentrations (10-7 to 10-4mol/L). With increasing the concentration of Mn (10-3 to 10-1mol/L) and duration of treatment,manganese inhibited root growth and cell division, and had toxic effects on chromosomes,nuclei and nucleoli. Manganese Could induce mitotic irregularities,comprising c-mitosis,anaphase bridges and chromosome stickiness. The nuclei became irregular in shape and many micronuclei were scattered in the cytoplasm. Some similar silver-stained particulate materials were found scattered in the nucleus in root tip cells. The possible mechanism behind these phenomena is also briefly discussed.展开更多
Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as ...Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as well as the modulation of the heavy metal toxicity to plant through the absorption of heavy metals.Results A complete genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CNGC genes was carried out,in which 55,28,and 29 CNGC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum,G.raimondii,and G.arboreum,respectively.The protein encoded by the CNGC genes exhibited GRAVY value below zero,indicating their hydrophilic property.CNGC genes were unevenly distributed in 19 out of 26 chromosomes,in which the highest density were observed on Ah05,with 8 genes.High gene coverage was observed among the diploid cotton species,with CNGC genes mapped on all A chromosomes and on 11 out of 13 of D chromosomes.The majority of CNGC proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,nucleus,and plasma membrane.Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)across various forms of abiotic stresses.Moreover,down-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)in CNGCs silenced plants caused the significantly reduced ability to tolerate drought and salt stresses.All CNGCs silenced plants were recorded to have significantly low content of antioxidants but relatively higher content of oxidant,including MDA and H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,SPAD,CMS(cell membrane stability),ELWL(excised leaf water loss),SDW(shoot dry matter weight),and RDW(root dry matter weight)were all lower in CNGCs silenced plants compared with the wild type plants.Conclusion Significant reduction in antioxidant content and negative effects of physiological and morphological characters in CNGCs silenced plants has revealed the novel role of CNGC genes in enhancing cell integrity under abiotic stress conditions.These results provide vital information that will expand our understanding of the CNGC gene family in cotton and other plants,thus promoting the integration of these genes in the development of the environmental resilient plants.展开更多
Three F<sub>2</sub> populations of cotton（Gossypiumhirsutum L.）from the crosses of Simian 3×TM-1,Simian 3 × CARMEN andXiangzamian2 were characterized for RAPD andSSR.301 pairs of SSR primers an...Three F<sub>2</sub> populations of cotton（Gossypiumhirsutum L.）from the crosses of Simian 3×TM-1,Simian 3 × CARMEN andXiangzamian2 were characterized for RAPD andSSR.301 pairs of SSR primers and 1040 RAPDPrimers were used in the Simian 3 × TM-1population analysis,which resulted in 49polymorphic loci.An analysis of these loci展开更多
Primary germplasm pools represent the mostreadily accessible source of new alleles for cropimprovement,but when the most effectivealleles are not available in the primarygermplasm pool,breeders must confront thediffic...Primary germplasm pools represent the mostreadily accessible source of new alleles for cropimprovement,but when the most effectivealleles are not available in the primarygermplasm pool,breeders must confront thedifficulties associated with introgression展开更多
The genus Gossypium is one of the largest havingnearly 50 species of which two are tetraploidcultivars and two are diploid cultivars with 2n =52 and 26 chromosome respectively and the restare wild to semi-wild at both...The genus Gossypium is one of the largest havingnearly 50 species of which two are tetraploidcultivars and two are diploid cultivars with 2n =52 and 26 chromosome respectively and the restare wild to semi-wild at both these ploidy levels.The tetraploids(AD)are supposed to containthe Asiatic cotton(A)and American diploid(D)species genomes.展开更多
文摘Gossypium hirsutum L., one of the twocultivated tetraploid species in cotton,ischaracterized by its high yield and wideadaptation,while G.barbadense L.,anothercultivated one,by its super fiber properties.Substitution line in which one pair of
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530053)
文摘Gossypium, as the one of the biggest genera, the most diversity, and the highest economic value in field crops, is assuming an increasingly important role in studies on plant taxonomy, polyploidization, phylogeny, cytogenetics, and genomics. Here we update and provide a brief summary of the emerging picture of species relationships and diversification, and a set of the designations for individual genomes and chromosomes in Gossypium. This cytogenetic and genomic nomenclature will facilitate comparative studies worldwide, which range from basic taxonomic exploration to breeding and germplasm introgression.
文摘While Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) represents 95% of the world production,its genetic improvement is hindered by the shortage of effective genomic tools and resources.The
文摘The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of
文摘Engineered minichromosomes have been constructed as novel artificial chromosome platforms for future genetic engineering in maize.We demonstrated that minichromosomes could be created by telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation of both normal A chromosomes and the supernumerary
文摘Restriction enzyme digestion of total genomic DNA of two chro-mosome type Paragonimus westermani showed the presence of homologus highlyrepeated DNA in diploid and triploid forms. Southern blot analysis providedfurther evidence that the distribution of restriction enzyme sites (with 3enzymes) on repeated DNA of both was similar. But with Pst Ⅰ、Dde Ⅰ、Hae Ⅲand Hpa Ⅱ. They revealed polymorphism which also occured individually ineach form tested separatedly with hybridization technique. Mutation of recog-nize sites by enzymes, which is resulted from the alternation of gene sequance,has occured during evolution. Additionally, it is probably possible, based on PstⅠand Dde Ⅰdigest pattern to distinguish between diploid and triploid Parag-onimus westermani and group the Paragonimus simply and rapidly.
文摘The technology of cloning and transferring oflarge DNA fragments in plants is important forhigh-efficient identification of new genes andstudy of gene functions.Tranformation-competent artificial chromosome(TAC)vectorsystem has been shown to be very useful forefficient gene isolation in Arobidopsis thaliana.In order to develop an efficient platform for
文摘CSB14Sh,which is isogenic for its recurrent parent TM-1 except for chromosome 14 short arm,was crossed with TM-1,and the F2 population was produced.A total of 3800 SSR primer pairs covering the whole genome were used to screen polymorphism among two parents,TM-1 and CSB14Sh,
文摘Multiple BAC-FISH is a powerful tool for modern cytogenetic researching in both animals and plants.But in cotton,this technique is unavailable due to the high percentage of repetitive sequences.
文摘Ribes plants,like most of other fruit trees,are characterized by their large number but small size of somatic chromosomes.In the light of these special characteristics,we have examined several factorial combinations of material, pretreatment,slide preparing method and stain to identify the most promising techique for studying the chromosomes and further analyzing the karyotypes and chromosome banding of Ribes plants. The resuts indicated that the combination of root tip with pretreatment of 2 m molL-1 8-hydroxyquinoline plus 0.05% colchicine or 0.3% balm for 3～5 hours at 14℃,pre-hypotonic trcarment of 0.07mol L-1 KCl for 30 min, fixation in Carnoy's fluid,hydrolysis in 5% cellulase and 5% pectinase mixture for 4～5 hours at 25℃, post-hypotonic treatment in distilled water for half an hour and staining in Giemsa could make the chromosome prepa ration superior to other treatment combinations.
文摘Over 200 disomie plants with translocations ofcotton were recovered as heterozygotes followingused by four types of treatments:combinedtreatment of seeds with colchicines and Y-rays,irradiation of seeds by fast and thermal neutronsand γ-irradiation of pollen.Numbers oftranslocations obtained were differed in M1, M2and M3 generation after irradiation and aftertreatment by different doses of irradiation.
文摘The effects of different concentrations of manganous sulphate on root growth,cell division, chromosome and nucleus morphplogy and nucleoli in root tip-cells of Allium cepa L. were studied. The concentrations of manganous sulphate used were 10-7,10-6,10-5 ,10-4,10-3, 10-2 and 10-1mol/L. The results indicated that manganese had a stimulatory effect on the root growth at lower concentrations (10-7 to 10-4mol/L). With increasing the concentration of Mn (10-3 to 10-1mol/L) and duration of treatment,manganese inhibited root growth and cell division, and had toxic effects on chromosomes,nuclei and nucleoli. Manganese Could induce mitotic irregularities,comprising c-mitosis,anaphase bridges and chromosome stickiness. The nuclei became irregular in shape and many micronuclei were scattered in the cytoplasm. Some similar silver-stained particulate materials were found scattered in the nucleus in root tip cells. The possible mechanism behind these phenomena is also briefly discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621005,32072023)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101200)PSF/CRP/18th Protocol(07)。
文摘Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as well as the modulation of the heavy metal toxicity to plant through the absorption of heavy metals.Results A complete genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CNGC genes was carried out,in which 55,28,and 29 CNGC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum,G.raimondii,and G.arboreum,respectively.The protein encoded by the CNGC genes exhibited GRAVY value below zero,indicating their hydrophilic property.CNGC genes were unevenly distributed in 19 out of 26 chromosomes,in which the highest density were observed on Ah05,with 8 genes.High gene coverage was observed among the diploid cotton species,with CNGC genes mapped on all A chromosomes and on 11 out of 13 of D chromosomes.The majority of CNGC proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,nucleus,and plasma membrane.Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)across various forms of abiotic stresses.Moreover,down-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)in CNGCs silenced plants caused the significantly reduced ability to tolerate drought and salt stresses.All CNGCs silenced plants were recorded to have significantly low content of antioxidants but relatively higher content of oxidant,including MDA and H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,SPAD,CMS(cell membrane stability),ELWL(excised leaf water loss),SDW(shoot dry matter weight),and RDW(root dry matter weight)were all lower in CNGCs silenced plants compared with the wild type plants.Conclusion Significant reduction in antioxidant content and negative effects of physiological and morphological characters in CNGCs silenced plants has revealed the novel role of CNGC genes in enhancing cell integrity under abiotic stress conditions.These results provide vital information that will expand our understanding of the CNGC gene family in cotton and other plants,thus promoting the integration of these genes in the development of the environmental resilient plants.
文摘Three F<sub>2</sub> populations of cotton（Gossypiumhirsutum L.）from the crosses of Simian 3×TM-1,Simian 3 × CARMEN andXiangzamian2 were characterized for RAPD andSSR.301 pairs of SSR primers and 1040 RAPDPrimers were used in the Simian 3 × TM-1population analysis,which resulted in 49polymorphic loci.An analysis of these loci
文摘Primary germplasm pools represent the mostreadily accessible source of new alleles for cropimprovement,but when the most effectivealleles are not available in the primarygermplasm pool,breeders must confront thedifficulties associated with introgression
文摘The genus Gossypium is one of the largest havingnearly 50 species of which two are tetraploidcultivars and two are diploid cultivars with 2n =52 and 26 chromosome respectively and the restare wild to semi-wild at both these ploidy levels.The tetraploids(AD)are supposed to containthe Asiatic cotton(A)and American diploid(D)species genomes.
