E-supply chain is the trend of the supply chain ma na gement. However, building E-supply chain depends on business process improvemen t and re-engineering, which becomes one of the important aspects in supply chai n m...E-supply chain is the trend of the supply chain ma na gement. However, building E-supply chain depends on business process improvemen t and re-engineering, which becomes one of the important aspects in supply chai n management. However, the supply chain process re-engineering and improvement is constrained because of lack of integrating operation framework and standards based on information management. We find that the idea of CALS origins from DoD of USA can solve the problems very well. CALS is the abbreviation of "continues acquisition and life- cycle support". It is an information strategy adopted by many developed counties. The final objective of the CALS is that government a nd industry can generate, exchange, manage and use all the digital information t hroughout the lifecycle of a product in virtue of adopting the international and national standards, improving existing business process and introducing advance d technology. The Integrated Digital Environment (IDE) created by CALS provides a brand new operation mode for consumer, contractor and supplier in supply chain . Besides, a series mutual standard is involved in CALS system. These standards and the standardization technology would be applied widely in the supply chain. This study mainly focuses on supply chain process in CALS environment, and puts forward a framework model of supply chain process. Then the study analyzes the c haracteristics of the model, which includes the application of standards and inf ormation technology, and finally discusses on methods to achieve the supply chai n process in CALS environment.展开更多
The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with ...The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with traditional probability techniques based on the linear chain of events. However, it could not comprehensively analyze system safety problems, especially in operating environment, interaction of subsystems, and human factors. Thus,we consider system safety as a control problem based on the system-theoretic accident model, the processes(STAMP) model and the system theoretic process analysis(STPA) technique to compensate the deficiency of traditional techniques. Meanwhile,system safety simulation is considered as system control simulation, and Monte Carlo methods are used which consider the range of uncertain parameters and operation deviation to quantitatively study system safety influence factors in control simulation. Firstly,we construct the STAMP model and STPA feedback control loop of the wheel brake system based on the system functional requirement. Then four unsafe control actions are identified, and causes of them are analyzed. Finally, we construct the Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze different scenarios under disturbance. The results provide a basis for choosing corresponding process model variables in constructing the context table and show that appropriate brake strategies could prevent hazards in aircraft landing taxiing.展开更多
To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA...To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.展开更多
Current orchestration and choreography process engines only serve with dedicate process languages.To solve these problems,an Event-driven Process Execution Model(EPEM) was developed.Formalization and mapping principle...Current orchestration and choreography process engines only serve with dedicate process languages.To solve these problems,an Event-driven Process Execution Model(EPEM) was developed.Formalization and mapping principles of the model were presented to guarantee the correctness and efficiency for process transformation.As a case study,the EPEM descriptions of Web Services Business Process Execution Language(WS-BPEL) were represented and a Process Virtual Machine(PVM)-OncePVM was implemented in compliance with the EPEM.展开更多
为从系统整体角度完成对起落架收放系统的风险辨识和影响分析,将系统理论过程分析(Systematic Theory Process Analysis,STPA)与决策实验室分析-解释结构模型(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Interpretive Structural...为从系统整体角度完成对起落架收放系统的风险辨识和影响分析,将系统理论过程分析(Systematic Theory Process Analysis,STPA)与决策实验室分析-解释结构模型(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Interpretive Structural Modeling,DEMATEL-ISM)相结合来开展分析。首先,定义事故和系统级危险,以民机进近阶段放下起落架为例,运用STPA完成对风险因素的系统化辨识;其次,基于最大平均熵减(Maximum Mean De-entropy,MMDE)算法帮助DEMATEL-ISM模型确定阈值,完成对风险因素影响的重要性分析并识别可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,据此挖掘关键致因场景,以给出风险预防建议。结果显示:线路性能退化或失效、位置作动控制组件(Position Action Control Unit,PACU)核心处理器故障为关键原因因素,收放作动筒作动异常、机组成员操作不当、起落架指示灯显示异常、起落架液压选择阀作动异常、PACU信息接收有误为关键结果因素,这些因素均涉及多条可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,应予以重点控制。展开更多
业务流程合规性检查可以帮助企业及早发现潜在问题,保证业务流程的正常运行和安全性。提出一种基于改进BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)和轻量化卷积神经网络(CNN)的业务流程合规性检查方法。首先,根据...业务流程合规性检查可以帮助企业及早发现潜在问题,保证业务流程的正常运行和安全性。提出一种基于改进BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)和轻量化卷积神经网络(CNN)的业务流程合规性检查方法。首先,根据历史事件日志中的轨迹提取轨迹前缀,构造带拟合情况标记的数据集;其次,使用融合相对上下文关系的BERT模型完成轨迹特征向量的表示;最后,使用轻量化CNN模型构建合规性检查分类器,完成在线业务流程合规性检查,有效提高合规性检查的准确率。在5个真实事件日志数据集上进行实验,结果表明,该方法相比Word2Vec+CNN模型、Transformer模型、BERT分类模型在准确率方面有较大提升,且与传统BERT+CNN相比,所提方法的准确率最高可提升2.61%。展开更多
深度学习是人工智能领域的热门研究方向之一,它通过构建多层人工神经网络模仿人脑对数据的处理机制。大型语言模型(large language model,LLM)基于深度学习的架构,在无需编程指令的情况下,能通过分析大量数据以获得理解和生成人类语言...深度学习是人工智能领域的热门研究方向之一,它通过构建多层人工神经网络模仿人脑对数据的处理机制。大型语言模型(large language model,LLM)基于深度学习的架构,在无需编程指令的情况下,能通过分析大量数据以获得理解和生成人类语言的能力,被广泛应用于自然语言处理、计算机视觉、智慧医疗、智慧交通等诸多领域。文章总结了LLM在医疗领域的应用,涵盖了LLM针对医疗任务的基本训练流程、特殊策略以及在具体医疗场景中的应用。同时,进一步讨论了LLM在应用中面临的挑战,包括决策过程缺乏透明度、输出准确性以及隐私、伦理问题等,随后列举了相应的改进策略。最后,文章展望了LLM在医疗领域的未来发展趋势,及其对人类健康事业发展的潜在影响。展开更多
文摘E-supply chain is the trend of the supply chain ma na gement. However, building E-supply chain depends on business process improvemen t and re-engineering, which becomes one of the important aspects in supply chai n management. However, the supply chain process re-engineering and improvement is constrained because of lack of integrating operation framework and standards based on information management. We find that the idea of CALS origins from DoD of USA can solve the problems very well. CALS is the abbreviation of "continues acquisition and life- cycle support". It is an information strategy adopted by many developed counties. The final objective of the CALS is that government a nd industry can generate, exchange, manage and use all the digital information t hroughout the lifecycle of a product in virtue of adopting the international and national standards, improving existing business process and introducing advance d technology. The Integrated Digital Environment (IDE) created by CALS provides a brand new operation mode for consumer, contractor and supplier in supply chain . Besides, a series mutual standard is involved in CALS system. These standards and the standardization technology would be applied widely in the supply chain. This study mainly focuses on supply chain process in CALS environment, and puts forward a framework model of supply chain process. Then the study analyzes the c haracteristics of the model, which includes the application of standards and inf ormation technology, and finally discusses on methods to achieve the supply chai n process in CALS environment.
文摘The wheel brake system safety is a complex problem which refers to its technical state, operating environment, human factors, etc., in aircraft landing taxiing process. Usually, professors consider system safety with traditional probability techniques based on the linear chain of events. However, it could not comprehensively analyze system safety problems, especially in operating environment, interaction of subsystems, and human factors. Thus,we consider system safety as a control problem based on the system-theoretic accident model, the processes(STAMP) model and the system theoretic process analysis(STPA) technique to compensate the deficiency of traditional techniques. Meanwhile,system safety simulation is considered as system control simulation, and Monte Carlo methods are used which consider the range of uncertain parameters and operation deviation to quantitatively study system safety influence factors in control simulation. Firstly,we construct the STAMP model and STPA feedback control loop of the wheel brake system based on the system functional requirement. Then four unsafe control actions are identified, and causes of them are analyzed. Finally, we construct the Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze different scenarios under disturbance. The results provide a basis for choosing corresponding process model variables in constructing the context table and show that appropriate brake strategies could prevent hazards in aircraft landing taxiing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB1600601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China(U1933106)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Educational Committee(2019KJ134)the Natural Science Foundation of TianjinIntelligent Civil Aviation Program(21JCQNJ C00900)。
文摘To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.
文摘Current orchestration and choreography process engines only serve with dedicate process languages.To solve these problems,an Event-driven Process Execution Model(EPEM) was developed.Formalization and mapping principles of the model were presented to guarantee the correctness and efficiency for process transformation.As a case study,the EPEM descriptions of Web Services Business Process Execution Language(WS-BPEL) were represented and a Process Virtual Machine(PVM)-OncePVM was implemented in compliance with the EPEM.
文摘为从系统整体角度完成对起落架收放系统的风险辨识和影响分析,将系统理论过程分析(Systematic Theory Process Analysis,STPA)与决策实验室分析-解释结构模型(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Interpretive Structural Modeling,DEMATEL-ISM)相结合来开展分析。首先,定义事故和系统级危险,以民机进近阶段放下起落架为例,运用STPA完成对风险因素的系统化辨识;其次,基于最大平均熵减(Maximum Mean De-entropy,MMDE)算法帮助DEMATEL-ISM模型确定阈值,完成对风险因素影响的重要性分析并识别可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,据此挖掘关键致因场景,以给出风险预防建议。结果显示:线路性能退化或失效、位置作动控制组件(Position Action Control Unit,PACU)核心处理器故障为关键原因因素,收放作动筒作动异常、机组成员操作不当、起落架指示灯显示异常、起落架液压选择阀作动异常、PACU信息接收有误为关键结果因素,这些因素均涉及多条可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,应予以重点控制。
文摘业务流程合规性检查可以帮助企业及早发现潜在问题,保证业务流程的正常运行和安全性。提出一种基于改进BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)和轻量化卷积神经网络(CNN)的业务流程合规性检查方法。首先,根据历史事件日志中的轨迹提取轨迹前缀,构造带拟合情况标记的数据集;其次,使用融合相对上下文关系的BERT模型完成轨迹特征向量的表示;最后,使用轻量化CNN模型构建合规性检查分类器,完成在线业务流程合规性检查,有效提高合规性检查的准确率。在5个真实事件日志数据集上进行实验,结果表明,该方法相比Word2Vec+CNN模型、Transformer模型、BERT分类模型在准确率方面有较大提升,且与传统BERT+CNN相比,所提方法的准确率最高可提升2.61%。
文摘深度学习是人工智能领域的热门研究方向之一,它通过构建多层人工神经网络模仿人脑对数据的处理机制。大型语言模型(large language model,LLM)基于深度学习的架构,在无需编程指令的情况下,能通过分析大量数据以获得理解和生成人类语言的能力,被广泛应用于自然语言处理、计算机视觉、智慧医疗、智慧交通等诸多领域。文章总结了LLM在医疗领域的应用,涵盖了LLM针对医疗任务的基本训练流程、特殊策略以及在具体医疗场景中的应用。同时,进一步讨论了LLM在应用中面临的挑战,包括决策过程缺乏透明度、输出准确性以及隐私、伦理问题等,随后列举了相应的改进策略。最后,文章展望了LLM在医疗领域的未来发展趋势,及其对人类健康事业发展的潜在影响。
