Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
In order to reduce the materials cost of COREX ironmaking process,sinter has been introduced into the composite burden in China.This work explored the reducing process of sinter in COREX shaft furnace to clarify its r...In order to reduce the materials cost of COREX ironmaking process,sinter has been introduced into the composite burden in China.This work explored the reducing process of sinter in COREX shaft furnace to clarify its reduction properties change and then the effect of sinter proportion on metallurgical performance of composite burden was investigated.The results show that the reducing process of sinter in COREX shaft furnace was basically same with that in blast furnace but sinter seems like breaking faster.Under reducing condition simulated COREX shaft furnace,sinter possessed the worst reduction degradation index(RDI)and undifferentiated reduction index(RI)compared with pellet and iron ore lumps.Macroscopic and microscopic mineralogy changes indicated that sinter presents integral cracking while pellet and lump ore present surface cracking,and no simple congruent relationship exists between cracks of the burden and its ultimate reduction degradation performance.The existence of partial metallurgical performance superposition between composite and single ferrous burden was confirmed.RDI_(+6.3)≥70%and RDI_(+3.15)≥80%were speculated as essential requirements for the composite burden containing sinter in COREX shaft furnace.展开更多
目的:鼻咽癌发病位置隐匿导致早期诊断率低,且具有明显的地域聚集性,是中国一个重要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在通过2021年全球疾病负担(the Global Burden of Diseases,GBD)数据库分析中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担,为鼻咽癌的精准防控提供流...目的:鼻咽癌发病位置隐匿导致早期诊断率低,且具有明显的地域聚集性,是中国一个重要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在通过2021年全球疾病负担(the Global Burden of Diseases,GBD)数据库分析中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担,为鼻咽癌的精准防控提供流行病学依据。方法:选取年龄标化发病率、病死率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)率作为疾病负担的评价指标,按照不同年龄、性别、社会人口学指数及其相关危险因素进行分层分析,同时应用差分自回归移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型和贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列分析模型(Bayesian age-period-cohort,BAPC)将年龄标化发病率预测至2050年。结果:2021年中国鼻咽癌年龄标化发病率、病死率、DALY率分别为3.4/10万、1.5/10万、48.7/10万,均高于同期全球水平。在所有年龄段,中国男性年龄标化发病率、病死率、DALY率均高于女性。中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担从1990至2021年随着社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)的增高逐渐降低。中国归因于饮酒、吸烟、职业甲醛暴露的鼻咽癌疾病负担占比均高于全球水平,且在男性中尤为显著。模型预测中国及全球男性、女性、全人群的年龄标化发病率均提示从2022至2050年呈上升趋势。结论:既往30年中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担随着SDI的升高逐渐降低,但仍高于同期全球水平。同时,中国鼻咽癌的年龄标化发病率在未来30年呈上升趋势。中国仍需进一步增加医疗资源的投入以应对鼻咽癌的防控与诊疗,尤其针对高风险男性群体。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
基金Project(2019JJ51007)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China。
文摘In order to reduce the materials cost of COREX ironmaking process,sinter has been introduced into the composite burden in China.This work explored the reducing process of sinter in COREX shaft furnace to clarify its reduction properties change and then the effect of sinter proportion on metallurgical performance of composite burden was investigated.The results show that the reducing process of sinter in COREX shaft furnace was basically same with that in blast furnace but sinter seems like breaking faster.Under reducing condition simulated COREX shaft furnace,sinter possessed the worst reduction degradation index(RDI)and undifferentiated reduction index(RI)compared with pellet and iron ore lumps.Macroscopic and microscopic mineralogy changes indicated that sinter presents integral cracking while pellet and lump ore present surface cracking,and no simple congruent relationship exists between cracks of the burden and its ultimate reduction degradation performance.The existence of partial metallurgical performance superposition between composite and single ferrous burden was confirmed.RDI_(+6.3)≥70%and RDI_(+3.15)≥80%were speculated as essential requirements for the composite burden containing sinter in COREX shaft furnace.
文摘目的:鼻咽癌发病位置隐匿导致早期诊断率低,且具有明显的地域聚集性,是中国一个重要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在通过2021年全球疾病负担(the Global Burden of Diseases,GBD)数据库分析中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担,为鼻咽癌的精准防控提供流行病学依据。方法:选取年龄标化发病率、病死率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)率作为疾病负担的评价指标,按照不同年龄、性别、社会人口学指数及其相关危险因素进行分层分析,同时应用差分自回归移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型和贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列分析模型(Bayesian age-period-cohort,BAPC)将年龄标化发病率预测至2050年。结果:2021年中国鼻咽癌年龄标化发病率、病死率、DALY率分别为3.4/10万、1.5/10万、48.7/10万,均高于同期全球水平。在所有年龄段,中国男性年龄标化发病率、病死率、DALY率均高于女性。中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担从1990至2021年随着社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)的增高逐渐降低。中国归因于饮酒、吸烟、职业甲醛暴露的鼻咽癌疾病负担占比均高于全球水平,且在男性中尤为显著。模型预测中国及全球男性、女性、全人群的年龄标化发病率均提示从2022至2050年呈上升趋势。结论:既往30年中国鼻咽癌的疾病负担随着SDI的升高逐渐降低,但仍高于同期全球水平。同时,中国鼻咽癌的年龄标化发病率在未来30年呈上升趋势。中国仍需进一步增加医疗资源的投入以应对鼻咽癌的防控与诊疗,尤其针对高风险男性群体。
