Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
A new efficient adapting virtual intermediate instruction set,V-IIS,is designed and implemented towards the optimized dynamic binary translator (DBT) system.With the help of this powerful but previously little-studied...A new efficient adapting virtual intermediate instruction set,V-IIS,is designed and implemented towards the optimized dynamic binary translator (DBT) system.With the help of this powerful but previously little-studied component,DBTs can not only get rid of the dependence of machine(s),but also get better performance.From our systematical study and evaluation,experimental results demonstrate that if V-IIS is well designed,without affecting the other optimizing measures,this could make DBT's performance close to those who do not have intermediate instructions.This study is an important step towards the grand goal of high performance "multi-source" and "multi-target" dynamic binary translation.展开更多
A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum ...A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.展开更多
Alumina ceramics are widely used in many fields such as cutting tools,laser shock materials,roadbed board and refractory.Herein,Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics are prepared by a low-cost pressureless sintering technology,using th...Alumina ceramics are widely used in many fields such as cutting tools,laser shock materials,roadbed board and refractory.Herein,Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics are prepared by a low-cost pressureless sintering technology,using the binary sintering aids of MgO and SiO_(2).The effects of sintering temperature and the ratio of binary sintering aids on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics are investigated.A spinel second phase(MgAl_(2)O_(4))is found out by the analysis of the results of XRD and EDS when MgO and SiO_(2)are introduced in the samples.The optimum properties are found when MgO content is 20 wt.%based on the total sintering aids and the sintering temperature is 1550℃.The bending strength and the bulk density reach a maximum value of 314 MPa and 3.73 g/cm^(3),respectively.The addition of appropriate amount of SiO_(2)makes the formation of liquid phase sintering and the removal of large pores.Meanwhile,a small amount of magnesium oxide doping has an effect on the grain refinement from the microstructure of the sample.Therefore,it is believed that MgO and SiO_(2)are the ideal sintering aids for promoting the densification and property of alumina ceramics.展开更多
The present exploration is conducted to describe the motion of viscous fluid embedded in squeezed channel under the applied magnetics effects.The processes of heat and mass transport incorporate the temperature-depend...The present exploration is conducted to describe the motion of viscous fluid embedded in squeezed channel under the applied magnetics effects.The processes of heat and mass transport incorporate the temperature-dependent binary chemical reaction with modified Arrhenius theory of activation energy function which is not yet disclosed for squeezing flow mechanism.The flow,heat and mass regime are exposed to be governed via dimensionless,highly non-linear,ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under no-slip walls boundary conditions.A well-tempered analytical convergent procedure is adopted for the solutions of boundary value problem.A detailed study is accounted through graphs in the form of flow velocity field,temperature and fluid concentration distributions for various emerging parameters of enormous interest.Skin-friction,Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been acquired and disclosed through plots.The results indicate that fluid temperature follows an increasing trend with dominant dimensionless reaction rate σ and activation energy parameter E.However,an increment in σ and E parameters is found to decline in fluid concentration.The current study arises numerous engineering and industrial processes including polymer industry,compression and injection shaping,lubrication system,formation of paper sheets,thin fiber,molding of plastic sheets.In the area of chemical engineering,geothermal engineering,cooling of nuclear reacting,nuclear or chemical system,bimolecular reactions,biochemical process and electrically conducting polymeric flows can be controlled by utilizing magnetic fields.Motivated by such applications,the proposed study has been developed.展开更多
Adding a moving baffle to the drum is a new way to enhance the motion and mixing of particles in rotating drums.To obtain its influence on binary particles,horizontal rotating drums provided with a moving baffle were ...Adding a moving baffle to the drum is a new way to enhance the motion and mixing of particles in rotating drums.To obtain its influence on binary particles,horizontal rotating drums provided with a moving baffle were investigated by discrete element method(DEM).AtΩ=15 r/min,increasing the length of moving baffle can increase the fluctuation amplitude of average particle velocity.AtΩ=60 r/min,the influence of the moving baffle on the average velocity fluctuation tends to be more random.At both rotational speeds,the moving baffle causes the average particle velocity to fluctuate more sharply.The moving baffle can enhance particle mixing.AtΩ=15 r/min,the moving baffle with length ofδ=1/3 can best enhance particle mixing.However,atΩ=60 r/min,only the moving baffle with a specific length(δ=1/4)can enhance mixing.This basic research has a positive reference value for the application of the moving baffle in industry.展开更多
The concept of the binary sequence pair is generalized from a single binary sequence. Binary sequence pairs are applied in many fields of radar, sonar or communication systems, in which signals with optimal periodic c...The concept of the binary sequence pair is generalized from a single binary sequence. Binary sequence pairs are applied in many fields of radar, sonar or communication systems, in which signals with optimal periodic correlation are required. Several types of almost perfect binary sequence pairs of length T = 2q are constructed, where q is an odd number. These almost perfect binary sequence pairs are based on binary ideal sequence or binary ideal two-level correlation sequence pairs by using Chinese remainder theorem. For these almost perfect binary sequence pairs with good balanced property, their corresponding divisible difference set pairs(DDSPs) are also derived.展开更多
Detecting the moving vehicles in jittering traffic scenes is a very difficult problem because of the complex environment.Only by the color features of the pixel or only by the texture features of image cannot establis...Detecting the moving vehicles in jittering traffic scenes is a very difficult problem because of the complex environment.Only by the color features of the pixel or only by the texture features of image cannot establish a suitable background model for the moving vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the Gaussian pyramid layered algorithm is proposed, combining with the advantages of the Codebook algorithm and the Local binary patterns(LBP) algorithm. Firstly, the image pyramid is established to eliminate the noises generated by the camera shake. Then, codebook model and LBP model are constructed on the low-resolution level and the high-resolution level of Gaussian pyramid, respectively. At last, the final test results are obtained through a set of operations according to the spatial relations of pixels. The experimental results show that this algorithm can not only eliminate the noises effectively, but also save the calculating time with high detection sensitivity and high detection accuracy.展开更多
Identifying speed,tag average response times and reliability are the most important capabilities in passive RFID(radio frequency identification) system.QT(query tree) is a famous algorithm for lowest-cost RFID tags,bu...Identifying speed,tag average response times and reliability are the most important capabilities in passive RFID(radio frequency identification) system.QT(query tree) is a famous algorithm for lowest-cost RFID tags,but its shortcoming is high searching delay and high tag average response times.A prefix subsection matching binary(PSMB) algorithm based on QTalgorithm is proposed.The key idea of PSMB anti-collision algorithm is that,during searching phase,a given reader uses the particular tags ID,which has been searched out formerly,to shorten searching delay and depress tag average response times.The idea of PSMB algorithm can be described as follows.Usually,tag ID is composed of several subsections which have different meanings.Based on the tags ID searched out formerly,a given reader builds a prefix database.In subsequent searching phase,the reader uses its prefix database to deduce searching space of tag ID.Simulation results show that identification delay of PSMB algorithm is about 1/3 of QTalgorithm,tag average response times is about 1/4 of QTalgorithm,and system throughput rate is treble QTalgorithm.展开更多
China＇s aerospace enterprises carry on the multinational operation and participate in the international competition and the international division of labor and cooperation positively. This article first analyzs China...China＇s aerospace enterprises carry on the multinational operation and participate in the international competition and the international division of labor and cooperation positively. This article first analyzs China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational business control objective and constructes its model. Then the article analyzes the tangible and intangible control mechanism of China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational operation respectively. Finally, the article constructs the model of China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational operation mechanisms.展开更多
The nanoparticles of polylactide (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by the bi-nary organic solvent diffusion method. The yield, particle size and size distribution of these nanoparticles wereeva...The nanoparticles of polylactide (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by the bi-nary organic solvent diffusion method. The yield, particle size and size distribution of these nanoparticles wereevaluated. The yield of nanoparticles prepared by this method is over 90%, and the average size of the nanoparticlesis between 130-180 nm. In order to clarify the effect of the organic solvent used in the system on nanoparticle yieldand size, the cloud points of PLA and PLGA were examined by cloud point titration. The results indicate that theyields of nanoparticles increase with the increase of ethanol in the acetone solution and attain the maximum at thecloud point of ethanol, while the size of nanoparticles decreases with the increase of ethanol in the acetone solutionand attains the minimum at the cloud point of ethanol. The optimal composition ratio of binary organic solvents coin-cides to that near the cloud point and the optimal condition of binary organic solvents can be predicted.展开更多
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
基金Projects(12R21414600)supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China
文摘A new efficient adapting virtual intermediate instruction set,V-IIS,is designed and implemented towards the optimized dynamic binary translator (DBT) system.With the help of this powerful but previously little-studied component,DBTs can not only get rid of the dependence of machine(s),but also get better performance.From our systematical study and evaluation,experimental results demonstrate that if V-IIS is well designed,without affecting the other optimizing measures,this could make DBT's performance close to those who do not have intermediate instructions.This study is an important step towards the grand goal of high performance "multi-source" and "multi-target" dynamic binary translation.
基金Project(51408184)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(E2017202136)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China+1 种基金Project(BSBE2017-05)supported by Opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment and National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology,ChinaProject(QG2018-3)supported by Hebei Provincial Department of Transportation,China
文摘A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.
基金Projects(11772207,U2130128)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(E2019210042,E2017210065)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China+3 种基金Project(QN2019137)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Hebei Education Department,ChinaProject(A2019210204)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,ChinaProject(216Z4302G)supported by Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development,ChinaProject supported by Youth Top-notch Talents Supporting Plan of Hebei Province,China。
文摘Alumina ceramics are widely used in many fields such as cutting tools,laser shock materials,roadbed board and refractory.Herein,Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics are prepared by a low-cost pressureless sintering technology,using the binary sintering aids of MgO and SiO_(2).The effects of sintering temperature and the ratio of binary sintering aids on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Al_(2)O_(3)ceramics are investigated.A spinel second phase(MgAl_(2)O_(4))is found out by the analysis of the results of XRD and EDS when MgO and SiO_(2)are introduced in the samples.The optimum properties are found when MgO content is 20 wt.%based on the total sintering aids and the sintering temperature is 1550℃.The bending strength and the bulk density reach a maximum value of 314 MPa and 3.73 g/cm^(3),respectively.The addition of appropriate amount of SiO_(2)makes the formation of liquid phase sintering and the removal of large pores.Meanwhile,a small amount of magnesium oxide doping has an effect on the grain refinement from the microstructure of the sample.Therefore,it is believed that MgO and SiO_(2)are the ideal sintering aids for promoting the densification and property of alumina ceramics.
文摘The present exploration is conducted to describe the motion of viscous fluid embedded in squeezed channel under the applied magnetics effects.The processes of heat and mass transport incorporate the temperature-dependent binary chemical reaction with modified Arrhenius theory of activation energy function which is not yet disclosed for squeezing flow mechanism.The flow,heat and mass regime are exposed to be governed via dimensionless,highly non-linear,ordinary differential equations (ODEs) under no-slip walls boundary conditions.A well-tempered analytical convergent procedure is adopted for the solutions of boundary value problem.A detailed study is accounted through graphs in the form of flow velocity field,temperature and fluid concentration distributions for various emerging parameters of enormous interest.Skin-friction,Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been acquired and disclosed through plots.The results indicate that fluid temperature follows an increasing trend with dominant dimensionless reaction rate σ and activation energy parameter E.However,an increment in σ and E parameters is found to decline in fluid concentration.The current study arises numerous engineering and industrial processes including polymer industry,compression and injection shaping,lubrication system,formation of paper sheets,thin fiber,molding of plastic sheets.In the area of chemical engineering,geothermal engineering,cooling of nuclear reacting,nuclear or chemical system,bimolecular reactions,biochemical process and electrically conducting polymeric flows can be controlled by utilizing magnetic fields.Motivated by such applications,the proposed study has been developed.
基金Project(51676032)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(IRT_17R19)supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China
文摘Adding a moving baffle to the drum is a new way to enhance the motion and mixing of particles in rotating drums.To obtain its influence on binary particles,horizontal rotating drums provided with a moving baffle were investigated by discrete element method(DEM).AtΩ=15 r/min,increasing the length of moving baffle can increase the fluctuation amplitude of average particle velocity.AtΩ=60 r/min,the influence of the moving baffle on the average velocity fluctuation tends to be more random.At both rotational speeds,the moving baffle causes the average particle velocity to fluctuate more sharply.The moving baffle can enhance particle mixing.AtΩ=15 r/min,the moving baffle with length ofδ=1/3 can best enhance particle mixing.However,atΩ=60 r/min,only the moving baffle with a specific length(δ=1/4)can enhance mixing.This basic research has a positive reference value for the application of the moving baffle in industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6160140161501395+6 种基金6160139961671402)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2015203150F2016203293F2016203312)Natural Science Research Programs of Hebei Educational Committee(QN2016120)the Independent Research Programs for Young Teachers of Yanshan University(15LGB013)
文摘The concept of the binary sequence pair is generalized from a single binary sequence. Binary sequence pairs are applied in many fields of radar, sonar or communication systems, in which signals with optimal periodic correlation are required. Several types of almost perfect binary sequence pairs of length T = 2q are constructed, where q is an odd number. These almost perfect binary sequence pairs are based on binary ideal sequence or binary ideal two-level correlation sequence pairs by using Chinese remainder theorem. For these almost perfect binary sequence pairs with good balanced property, their corresponding divisible difference set pairs(DDSPs) are also derived.
基金Project(61172047)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Detecting the moving vehicles in jittering traffic scenes is a very difficult problem because of the complex environment.Only by the color features of the pixel or only by the texture features of image cannot establish a suitable background model for the moving vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the Gaussian pyramid layered algorithm is proposed, combining with the advantages of the Codebook algorithm and the Local binary patterns(LBP) algorithm. Firstly, the image pyramid is established to eliminate the noises generated by the camera shake. Then, codebook model and LBP model are constructed on the low-resolution level and the high-resolution level of Gaussian pyramid, respectively. At last, the final test results are obtained through a set of operations according to the spatial relations of pixels. The experimental results show that this algorithm can not only eliminate the noises effectively, but also save the calculating time with high detection sensitivity and high detection accuracy.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60372042)
文摘Identifying speed,tag average response times and reliability are the most important capabilities in passive RFID(radio frequency identification) system.QT(query tree) is a famous algorithm for lowest-cost RFID tags,but its shortcoming is high searching delay and high tag average response times.A prefix subsection matching binary(PSMB) algorithm based on QTalgorithm is proposed.The key idea of PSMB anti-collision algorithm is that,during searching phase,a given reader uses the particular tags ID,which has been searched out formerly,to shorten searching delay and depress tag average response times.The idea of PSMB algorithm can be described as follows.Usually,tag ID is composed of several subsections which have different meanings.Based on the tags ID searched out formerly,a given reader builds a prefix database.In subsequent searching phase,the reader uses its prefix database to deduce searching space of tag ID.Simulation results show that identification delay of PSMB algorithm is about 1/3 of QTalgorithm,tag average response times is about 1/4 of QTalgorithm,and system throughput rate is treble QTalgorithm.
文摘China＇s aerospace enterprises carry on the multinational operation and participate in the international competition and the international division of labor and cooperation positively. This article first analyzs China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational business control objective and constructes its model. Then the article analyzes the tangible and intangible control mechanism of China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational operation respectively. Finally, the article constructs the model of China aerospace enterprises＇ binary multinational operation mechanisms.
基金Project ( 2001AA218011) supported by the National High Technology Development "863" Program of China
文摘The nanoparticles of polylactide (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by the bi-nary organic solvent diffusion method. The yield, particle size and size distribution of these nanoparticles wereevaluated. The yield of nanoparticles prepared by this method is over 90%, and the average size of the nanoparticlesis between 130-180 nm. In order to clarify the effect of the organic solvent used in the system on nanoparticle yieldand size, the cloud points of PLA and PLGA were examined by cloud point titration. The results indicate that theyields of nanoparticles increase with the increase of ethanol in the acetone solution and attain the maximum at thecloud point of ethanol, while the size of nanoparticles decreases with the increase of ethanol in the acetone solutionand attains the minimum at the cloud point of ethanol. The optimal composition ratio of binary organic solvents coin-cides to that near the cloud point and the optimal condition of binary organic solvents can be predicted.
