大功率激光二极管阵列相比于同等功率的激光器有着优越的高性能和可靠性,在军事、工业、医学、航空航天等领域有着广阔的应用前景。具体应用中,大功率激光二极管阵列的光束整形技术扮演着一个重要角色。文中提出折反光束整形系统,把线...大功率激光二极管阵列相比于同等功率的激光器有着优越的高性能和可靠性,在军事、工业、医学、航空航天等领域有着广阔的应用前景。具体应用中,大功率激光二极管阵列的光束整形技术扮演着一个重要角色。文中提出折反光束整形系统,把线光束整形为方形或者圆形,利用此系统把20 mm 线光束整形为5mm×5mm 的方形光斑,软件模拟结果证明设计方法的正确性和可行性。展开更多
Tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)phosphate(BPP) is an additive flame-retardant for plastic with the properties of low melt point,good compatibility and excellent thermal stability.Chloroform with high value of AN was selected a...Tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)phosphate(BPP) is an additive flame-retardant for plastic with the properties of low melt point,good compatibility and excellent thermal stability.Chloroform with high value of AN was selected as the solvent based on the solvent effect,the flame retardant tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)phosphate(BPP) was synthesized by POCl3 reacting with 2,4-dibromophenol(mol tatio was 1.0∶3.1) under reflux conditions,the yield was 96.4%.展开更多
The profit margin in the flour milling industry is quite narrow,so high-quality raw materials and efficiency of milling operations are crucial for every company. Many flour mills,especially those which import wheat fr...The profit margin in the flour milling industry is quite narrow,so high-quality raw materials and efficiency of milling operations are crucial for every company. Many flour mills,especially those which import wheat from other countries and have limited storage space for the different varieties or classes of wheat,can not afford to buy low quality wheat. Consequently,a mathematical model which can test the impact and interactions of raw materials,in technical point of view,would be a useful decision-making tool for the milling industry. A flour miller tests wheat for physical and chemical characteristics,cleanness and soundness. The miller also performs experimental milling,if available,to have some idea how the given wheat will behave during commercial milling. Based on these test results,the miller can only guess the commercial milling results such as flour yields and flour ash and protein contents. Thus,the objective of this study was to develop empirical equations to estimate commercial milling results,using the physical,chemical and experimental milling data of the given wheat blend and also,additionally,flour ash and protein specifications of the end-user. This was done by using the actual commercial milling procedures and their wheat physical,chemical,experimental milling data,and other vital data. Data were collected from a commercial mill located in East Asia that had four production lines and used wheat blend combinations from five different wheat classes,i.e. Hard Red Winter (HRW),Dark Northern Spring (DNS),Soft White (SW),Australian Soft (AS),and Australian Standard White (ASW) wheat to produce over 40 different products. The wheat physical and chemical characteristics included test weight,thousand kernel weight,ash and protein contents. The experimental milling data were straight-grade and patent flour yields,along with patent flour ash and protein contents from a Buhler experimental mill. The commercial milling results included the flour yields of patent,first clear,and second clear flours,as well as the ash and protein contents of commercial patent flours. Using multiple linear regression procedures,we have developed empirical equations to be able to estimate the commercial patent flour yields with R2 values above 0.90 for all four production lines,and commercial first clear flour yields with R2 values ranging 0.76 to 0.98,and the commercial patent flour protein contents with R2 values of 0.89 to 0.92. However,the yields of commercial second clear flours and the commercial patent flour ash contents were not able to be estimated with high coefficients of determination (R2 values). We recommend that the empirical equations for estimating commercial milling parameters should be derived using data from each individual flour milling company,for each production line of a given mill,and furthermore,tailored to specific products at a given ash and/or protein contents desired by end-users.展开更多
物流作为现代经济的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用.物流中的三维装箱问题(Three-dimensional bin packing problem,3D-BPP)是提高物流运作效率必须解决的关键难题之一.深度强化学习(Deep rein-forcement learning,...物流作为现代经济的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用.物流中的三维装箱问题(Three-dimensional bin packing problem,3D-BPP)是提高物流运作效率必须解决的关键难题之一.深度强化学习(Deep rein-forcement learning,DRL)具有强大的学习与决策能力,基于DRL的三维装箱方法(Three-dimensional bin packing method based on DRL,DRL-3DBP)已成为智能物流领域的研究热点之一.现有DRL-3DBP面对大尺寸容器3D-BPP时难以达成动作空间、计算复杂性与探索能力之间的平衡.为此,提出一种四向协同装箱(Four directional cooperative packing,FDCP)方法:两阶段策略网络接收旋转后的容器状态,生成4个方向的装箱策略;根据由4个策略采样而得的动作更新对应的4个状态,选取其中价值最大的对应动作为装箱动作.FDCP在压缩动作空间、减小计算复杂性的同时,鼓励智能体对4个方向合理装箱位置的探索.实验结果表明,FDCP在100×100大尺寸容器以及20、30、50箱子数量的装箱问题上实现了1.2%~2.9%的空间利用率提升.展开更多
文摘大功率激光二极管阵列相比于同等功率的激光器有着优越的高性能和可靠性,在军事、工业、医学、航空航天等领域有着广阔的应用前景。具体应用中,大功率激光二极管阵列的光束整形技术扮演着一个重要角色。文中提出折反光束整形系统,把线光束整形为方形或者圆形,利用此系统把20 mm 线光束整形为5mm×5mm 的方形光斑,软件模拟结果证明设计方法的正确性和可行性。
文摘Tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)phosphate(BPP) is an additive flame-retardant for plastic with the properties of low melt point,good compatibility and excellent thermal stability.Chloroform with high value of AN was selected as the solvent based on the solvent effect,the flame retardant tris(2,4-dibromophenyl)phosphate(BPP) was synthesized by POCl3 reacting with 2,4-dibromophenol(mol tatio was 1.0∶3.1) under reflux conditions,the yield was 96.4%.
文摘The profit margin in the flour milling industry is quite narrow,so high-quality raw materials and efficiency of milling operations are crucial for every company. Many flour mills,especially those which import wheat from other countries and have limited storage space for the different varieties or classes of wheat,can not afford to buy low quality wheat. Consequently,a mathematical model which can test the impact and interactions of raw materials,in technical point of view,would be a useful decision-making tool for the milling industry. A flour miller tests wheat for physical and chemical characteristics,cleanness and soundness. The miller also performs experimental milling,if available,to have some idea how the given wheat will behave during commercial milling. Based on these test results,the miller can only guess the commercial milling results such as flour yields and flour ash and protein contents. Thus,the objective of this study was to develop empirical equations to estimate commercial milling results,using the physical,chemical and experimental milling data of the given wheat blend and also,additionally,flour ash and protein specifications of the end-user. This was done by using the actual commercial milling procedures and their wheat physical,chemical,experimental milling data,and other vital data. Data were collected from a commercial mill located in East Asia that had four production lines and used wheat blend combinations from five different wheat classes,i.e. Hard Red Winter (HRW),Dark Northern Spring (DNS),Soft White (SW),Australian Soft (AS),and Australian Standard White (ASW) wheat to produce over 40 different products. The wheat physical and chemical characteristics included test weight,thousand kernel weight,ash and protein contents. The experimental milling data were straight-grade and patent flour yields,along with patent flour ash and protein contents from a Buhler experimental mill. The commercial milling results included the flour yields of patent,first clear,and second clear flours,as well as the ash and protein contents of commercial patent flours. Using multiple linear regression procedures,we have developed empirical equations to be able to estimate the commercial patent flour yields with R2 values above 0.90 for all four production lines,and commercial first clear flour yields with R2 values ranging 0.76 to 0.98,and the commercial patent flour protein contents with R2 values of 0.89 to 0.92. However,the yields of commercial second clear flours and the commercial patent flour ash contents were not able to be estimated with high coefficients of determination (R2 values). We recommend that the empirical equations for estimating commercial milling parameters should be derived using data from each individual flour milling company,for each production line of a given mill,and furthermore,tailored to specific products at a given ash and/or protein contents desired by end-users.
文摘物流作为现代经济的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用.物流中的三维装箱问题(Three-dimensional bin packing problem,3D-BPP)是提高物流运作效率必须解决的关键难题之一.深度强化学习(Deep rein-forcement learning,DRL)具有强大的学习与决策能力,基于DRL的三维装箱方法(Three-dimensional bin packing method based on DRL,DRL-3DBP)已成为智能物流领域的研究热点之一.现有DRL-3DBP面对大尺寸容器3D-BPP时难以达成动作空间、计算复杂性与探索能力之间的平衡.为此,提出一种四向协同装箱(Four directional cooperative packing,FDCP)方法:两阶段策略网络接收旋转后的容器状态,生成4个方向的装箱策略;根据由4个策略采样而得的动作更新对应的4个状态,选取其中价值最大的对应动作为装箱动作.FDCP在压缩动作空间、减小计算复杂性的同时,鼓励智能体对4个方向合理装箱位置的探索.实验结果表明,FDCP在100×100大尺寸容器以及20、30、50箱子数量的装箱问题上实现了1.2%~2.9%的空间利用率提升.
