Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed ...Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed and controlled with unprecedented spatial,temporal,and chemical resolution.In this review,we present an integrated framework that pro-gresses from fundamental mechanisms to analytical technologies and functional modulation.We begin by outlining elec-tron transfer pathways in mitochondrial respiration,microbial extracellular electron transfer,and DNA-and protein-based charge conduction,followed by the principles of photon-electron conversion in photosynthesis and the central role of redox equilibrium in coordinating cellular responses.We then highlight electrochemical analytical strategies that enable multiscale biological characterization,including biosensing,electrochemical and scanning probe imaging,electrogenerated chemilu-minescence detection,and measurements of membrane potentials and neurotransmitter dynamics.Emerging platforms such as flexible biointerfaces,ultramicroelectrodes,and nanopore systems further extend these capabilities to in vivo and single-molecule contexts.Finally,we discuss how electrochemical inputs can be used to regulate metabolic pathways,mi-crobial and protein activities,and neural signaling,enabling precision therapeutic and bioengineering applications.Togeth-er,these developments establish electrochemistry as a powerful foundation for decoding and directing biological systems.展开更多
Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive us...Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and i...Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.展开更多
BIOLOG微平板法作为一种方便快速的微生物检验技术,已广泛应用于环境微生物检测,微生物生态研究等方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。该方法可以获得关于微生物群落碳源利用能力的大量数据,反映出关于微生物活性的丰富信息。然而大量的数据...BIOLOG微平板法作为一种方便快速的微生物检验技术,已广泛应用于环境微生物检测,微生物生态研究等方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。该方法可以获得关于微生物群落碳源利用能力的大量数据,反映出关于微生物活性的丰富信息。然而大量的数据也对解释和分析提出了挑战,分析了应用于BIOLOG产生数据的统计分析方法,对常用的AWCD值计算,多样性指数计算,主成分分析(PCA),聚类分析,相关、回归等方法深入探讨,阐述各自的功能、不足以及在应用中容易出现的问题。另外也对一些不常见的方法,如非参数多元分析(Non-Parametric version of MANOVA/Permutation version of MANOVA)、动力学参数分析、多元回归树、典范对应分析等也进行了讨论。通过对不同方法应用目标和原理的分析论述了各自优缺点,对微生物研究中基于BIOLOG方法数据分析的选择应用提供参考。展开更多
对秸秆分解微生物演变机理的研究是调控秸秆还田、提高农田地力的理论基础。本试验基于土壤置换试验平台,利用BIOLOG方法研究在寒温带、中温带和中亚热带气候下,埋于黑土、潮土和红壤中的小麦和玉米秸秆在腐解过程中微生物对碳源利用的...对秸秆分解微生物演变机理的研究是调控秸秆还田、提高农田地力的理论基础。本试验基于土壤置换试验平台,利用BIOLOG方法研究在寒温带、中温带和中亚热带气候下,埋于黑土、潮土和红壤中的小麦和玉米秸秆在腐解过程中微生物对碳源利用的变化规律。试验中利用网袋法区分直接分解秸秆微生物。试验结果发现秸秆腐解微生物的碳源代谢活性(Average Well Color Development AWCD值表示)在腐解0.5 a和1 a后表现出一定的随气候变化规律,即随温度和降雨量的增加而降低。其中0.5 a为海伦(0.765±0.060)>封丘(0.737±0.165)>鹰潭(0.326±0.076),1 a为海伦(0.630±0.092)>封丘(0.319±0.096)>鹰潭(0.291±0.029),但这种趋势在腐解2 a后减弱。气候条件是影响秸秆腐解微生物碳源代谢活性的主要因素,其次是腐解时间和土壤类型。主成分分析表明在腐解0.5 a后海伦、封丘地区的微生物群落代谢特征与鹰潭差异较大,而1 a后封丘和鹰潭的微生物群落代谢特征与海伦的差异较大,腐解2 a后不同气候条件下的秸秆腐解微生物对碳源的利用趋于一致,均对含氮化合物利用较多。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1200101 and 2021YFA1200104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21635005,21890741,22174134,and 22474133)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-054).
文摘Electrochemical processes lie at the core of biological function,governing energy transduction,metabolic flux,and mo-lecular signaling.Recent advances in electrochemical science now allow these processes to be probed and controlled with unprecedented spatial,temporal,and chemical resolution.In this review,we present an integrated framework that pro-gresses from fundamental mechanisms to analytical technologies and functional modulation.We begin by outlining elec-tron transfer pathways in mitochondrial respiration,microbial extracellular electron transfer,and DNA-and protein-based charge conduction,followed by the principles of photon-electron conversion in photosynthesis and the central role of redox equilibrium in coordinating cellular responses.We then highlight electrochemical analytical strategies that enable multiscale biological characterization,including biosensing,electrochemical and scanning probe imaging,electrogenerated chemilu-minescence detection,and measurements of membrane potentials and neurotransmitter dynamics.Emerging platforms such as flexible biointerfaces,ultramicroelectrodes,and nanopore systems further extend these capabilities to in vivo and single-molecule contexts.Finally,we discuss how electrochemical inputs can be used to regulate metabolic pathways,mi-crobial and protein activities,and neural signaling,enabling precision therapeutic and bioengineering applications.Togeth-er,these developments establish electrochemistry as a powerful foundation for decoding and directing biological systems.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Project Foundation of Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Department(242102310530,242102310119,252102310498)the Zhumadian Science and Technology Innovation Youth Special Project(QNZX202413)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Tackling Program(LHGJ20241009,LHGJ20241006)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(25B180015,25B230006)。
文摘Rutin,also known as vitamin P,belongs to the flavonoid class of compounds and is widely present in plants.Its ability to bind with albumin in the blood helps maintain capillary permeability,leading to its extensive use for cardiovascular protection.This review aimed to provide insights into the development of rutin raw material industry in China and its future applications in various fields,such as medicine,healthcare,food,and animal husbandry.The study began by comparing rutin quality standards across China,the United States and Europe,outlined the industrial extraction processes of rutin,and examined the biological activity and potential medical applications of rutin.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2021C038)。
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN)is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin biosynthesized by the polyketide reaction,which has estrogenic effects and triggers toxic effects,such as reproductive toxicity,hepatotoxicity,genotoxicity,and immunotoxicity in organism.Due to its impact on human and animal health and the economic losses engendered by ZEN,detoxification strategies for contaminated foods and feeds to reduce or eliminate the toxic effects of ZEN by chemical,physical and biological methods are crucial.Detoxification by microbial means has broad application prospects,with the advantages of high efficiency,high specificity,mild conditions of action,no harmful metabolites,and safety.It may help to improve the function of intestinal barriers so that the intestinal epithelial barrier is more resistant to mycotoxins,and other pathogenic microorganisms.This article provided an overview of the metabolic pathways and animal toxicity of ZEN in organism,and summarized the effects of the current research status,detoxification mechanisms and in vivo applications of ZEN biodetoxification,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of ZEN.
文摘BIOLOG微平板法作为一种方便快速的微生物检验技术,已广泛应用于环境微生物检测,微生物生态研究等方面,发挥着越来越重要的作用。该方法可以获得关于微生物群落碳源利用能力的大量数据,反映出关于微生物活性的丰富信息。然而大量的数据也对解释和分析提出了挑战,分析了应用于BIOLOG产生数据的统计分析方法,对常用的AWCD值计算,多样性指数计算,主成分分析(PCA),聚类分析,相关、回归等方法深入探讨,阐述各自的功能、不足以及在应用中容易出现的问题。另外也对一些不常见的方法,如非参数多元分析(Non-Parametric version of MANOVA/Permutation version of MANOVA)、动力学参数分析、多元回归树、典范对应分析等也进行了讨论。通过对不同方法应用目标和原理的分析论述了各自优缺点,对微生物研究中基于BIOLOG方法数据分析的选择应用提供参考。
文摘对秸秆分解微生物演变机理的研究是调控秸秆还田、提高农田地力的理论基础。本试验基于土壤置换试验平台,利用BIOLOG方法研究在寒温带、中温带和中亚热带气候下,埋于黑土、潮土和红壤中的小麦和玉米秸秆在腐解过程中微生物对碳源利用的变化规律。试验中利用网袋法区分直接分解秸秆微生物。试验结果发现秸秆腐解微生物的碳源代谢活性(Average Well Color Development AWCD值表示)在腐解0.5 a和1 a后表现出一定的随气候变化规律,即随温度和降雨量的增加而降低。其中0.5 a为海伦(0.765±0.060)>封丘(0.737±0.165)>鹰潭(0.326±0.076),1 a为海伦(0.630±0.092)>封丘(0.319±0.096)>鹰潭(0.291±0.029),但这种趋势在腐解2 a后减弱。气候条件是影响秸秆腐解微生物碳源代谢活性的主要因素,其次是腐解时间和土壤类型。主成分分析表明在腐解0.5 a后海伦、封丘地区的微生物群落代谢特征与鹰潭差异较大,而1 a后封丘和鹰潭的微生物群落代谢特征与海伦的差异较大,腐解2 a后不同气候条件下的秸秆腐解微生物对碳源的利用趋于一致,均对含氮化合物利用较多。
