Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience e...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience especially for electric vehicles,the development of a fast-charging technology for LIBs has become a critical focus.In commercial LIBs,the slow kinetics of Li+intercalation into the graphite anode from the electrolyte solution is known as the main restriction for fast-charging.We summarize the recent advances in obtaining fast-charging graphite-based anodes,mainly involving modifications of the electrolyte solution and graphite anode.Specifically,strategies for increasing the ionic conductivity and regulating the Li+solvation/desolvation state in the electrolyte solution,as well as optimizing the fabrication and the intrinsic activity of graphite-based anodes are discussed in detail.This review considers practical ways to obtain fast Li+intercalation kinetics into a graphite anode from the electrolyte as well as analysing progress in the commercialization of fast-charging LIBs.展开更多
A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface...A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,t...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.展开更多
As an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),which are considered a“beyond Li-ion”battery system,have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential for providing a h...As an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),which are considered a“beyond Li-ion”battery system,have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential for providing a high energy density,and having abundant resource,and a low cost.However,their commercialization is hindered by the lack of practical anode materials.Among various reported anodes,conventional carbon materials,including graphite,soft carbon,and hard carbon,have emerged as promising candidates because of their abundance,low cost,high conductivity,and tunable structures.However,these materials have problems such as a low initial Coulombic efficiency,significant volume expansion,and unsatisfactory cyclability and rate performance.Various strategies to solve these have been explored,including optimizing the interlayer spacing,structural design,surface coating,constructing a multifunctional framework,and forming composites.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in conventional carbon anodes,highlighting structural design strategies,mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance,and underscores the critical role of these materials in promoting the practical application of PIBs.展开更多
Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechan...Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aq...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.展开更多
As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation ...As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation and fragmentation.This ultimately leads to a decrease in cell capacity.The trends of volume expansion and capacity change of the SiO/graphite(SiO/C)composite electrode during cycling were investigated via in situ expansion monitoring.First,a series of expansion test schemes were designed,and the linear relationship between negative electrode expansion and cell capacity degradation was quantitatively analyzed.Then,the effects of different initial pressures on the long-term cycling performance of the cell were evaluated.Finally,the mechanism of their effects was analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that after 50 cycles,the cell capacity decreases from 2.556 mAh to 1.689 mAh,with a capacity retention ratio(CRR)of only 66.08%.A linear relationship between the capacity retention ratio and thickness expansion was found.Electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that intense stress inhibits the lithiation of the negative electrode and that the electrode is more susceptible to irreversible damage during cycling.Overall,these results reveal the relationship between the cycling performance of SiO and the internal pressure of the electrode from a macroscopic point of view,which provides some reference for the application of SiO/C composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nit...The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.展开更多
Practical application of Na3SbS4(NSS)solid-state electrolyte in sodium metal batteries has been significantly hindered by poor interfacial stability and insufficient ionic conductivity.In this study,a series of dual-s...Practical application of Na3SbS4(NSS)solid-state electrolyte in sodium metal batteries has been significantly hindered by poor interfacial stability and insufficient ionic conductivity.In this study,a series of dual-site doped Na_(3-2x)Sb_(1-x)W_(x)S_(4-x)F_(x)(x=0,0.12,0.24,0.36)electrolytes through high-energy ball milling followed by high-temperature sintering is prepared,where tungsten(W)substitutes for antimony(Sb)and fluorine(F)replaces sulfur(S)in the NSS lattice.The co-doping of W and F not only broadens the interplanar spacing of NSS but also promotes the stable formation of the cubic phase of NSS,thereby effectively enhancing the transport ability of sodium ions within NSS.Among them,Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 4.45 mS·cm^(-1).Furthermore,F doping facilitates the in-situ formation of NaF between the electrolyte and metallic sodium,significantly improving interfacial stability.Electrochemical evaluation shows that the Na/Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24)/Na symmetric cell achieves a high critical current density of 1.65 mA·cm^(-2) and maintains stable sodium plating/stripping cycling for 500 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,the TiS2/Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24)/Na full cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability and rate capability.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))an...Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))and specific capacity(1675 mAh·g^(-1)).Currently,various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers,e.g.,“shuttle effect”,capacity decay and volumetric change,which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries,summa-rizes the design strategies of different host materials,and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their electrochemical performances.Finally,reasonable suggestions for the design and development of metal nitrides,along with ideas to promote future breakthroughs,are proposed.We hope that this review could attract more attention to metal nitrides and their derivatives,and further promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
For rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),the design of nanocomposites comprised of electrochemically active materials and carbon materials with novel structures has great prom-ise in addressing the issue of e...For rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),the design of nanocomposites comprised of electrochemically active materials and carbon materials with novel structures has great prom-ise in addressing the issue of electrical conductivity and structural stability in the electrode materials during electrochemical cycling.We report the production of a novel flexible electrode material,by anchoring MnO_(2) nanosheets on a B,N co-doped carbon nanotube ar-ray(BNCNTs)grown on carbon cloth(BNCNTs@MnO_(2)),which was fabricated by in-situ pyrolysis and hydrothermal growth.The generated BNCNTs were strongly bonded to the surface of the car-bon fibers in the carbon cloth which provides both excellent elec-tron transport and ion diffusion,and improves the stability and dur-ability of the cathode.Importantly,the BNCNTs offer more active sites for the hydrothermal growth of MnO_(2),ensuring a uniform dis-tribution.Electrochemical tests show that BNCNTs@MnO_(2) delivers a high specific capacity of 310.7 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1),along with excellent rate capability and outstanding cycling stability,with a 79.7% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1).展开更多
Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIB...Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIBs,which are foldable and have high energy densities,are be-coming increasingly important as power sources for wear-able devices,flexible electronics,and mobile energy applica-tions.Carbon materials,especially carbon nanofibers,are pivotal in improving the performance of FLIBs by increas-ing electrical conductivity,chemical stability,and surface area,as well as reducing costs.These materials also play a significant role in establishing conducting networks and im-proving structural integrity,which are essential for extend-ing the cycle life and enhancing the safety of the batteries.This review considers the role of electrospinning in the fabrication of critical FLIB components,with a particular emphasis on the integration of carbon materials.It explores strategies to optimize FLIB performance by fine-tuning the electrospinning para-meters,such as electric field strength,spinning rate,solution concentration,and carbonization process.Precise control over fiber properties is crucial for enhancing battery reliability and stability during folding and bending.It also highlights the latest research findings in carbon-based electrode materials,high-performance electrolytes,and separator structures,discussing the practical challenges and opportunities these materials present.It underscores the significant impact of carbon materials on the evolution of FLIBs and their potential to shape future energy storage technologies.展开更多
V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve th...V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve the stability,organic small molecule choline chloride intercalation is used to expand the spacing of the vanadium pentoxide layers and increase the cycling stability.Therefore,we consider the introduction of Sr^(2+)to cointercalate with choline chloride.Here,we synthes-ized vanadium pentoxide cointercalated with Sr^(2+)and choline ions(Ch^(+))via a simple hydrothermal method.The electro-chemical performance shows an enhanced cathode capacitance contribution of Sr&Ch-V_(2)O_(5),with a discharge capacity of 526 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and a retention rate of 78.9%after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1).This work offers a novel strategy for the design of organic‒inorganic hybrid materials for use as cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
Rich-nickel layered ternary NCM811 has been widely used in the field of electric vehicles ascribed to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,poor cycling stability and rate-performance hindered its further dev...Rich-nickel layered ternary NCM811 has been widely used in the field of electric vehicles ascribed to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,poor cycling stability and rate-performance hindered its further development.Herein,different amounts of nitrogen-doped carbon were wrapped on the surface of NCM811 via a facile rheological phase method by regulating the amount of dopamine hydrochloride.The effects of the coating amounts on the structure and electrochemical performance are investigated.The DFT calculation,XRD,SEM and XPS reveal that an appropriate amount of nitrogen-doped carbon coating could uniformly form a protective layer on the NCM811 surface and the introduced N could anchor Ni atoms to inhibit the Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing,but excessive amount would reduce Ni^(3+)to Ni^(2+)so as to conversely aggravate Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing.Among the samples,the NCM811-CN0.75 sample exhibits the most excellent electrochemical performance,delivering a high-rate capacity of 151.6 mA·h/g at 10C,and long-term cyclability with 82.2%capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5C,exhibiting remarkable rate-performance and cyclability.展开更多
In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of ...In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of retention time,leaching temperature,concentration of glycine ligand,liquid-solid ratio(L/S),pH,stirring speed,and H_(2)O_(2) dosage on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals and the dissolution of impurities were investigated.When the spent LIBs were leached in 3 mol/L glycine aqueous solution with pH of 8,L/S of 5 mL:1 g and H_(2)O_(2) dosage of 5 vol.%at 90℃and stirring speed of 400 r/min for 3 h,lithium,cobalt,nickel,and manganese recoveries were 96.31%,83.18%,91.56%,and 31.16%,respectively,but Ca,Al,Fe,and Cu were almost insoluble.Meanwhile,the kinetic study showed that the activation energies for the leaching of Li,Co,Ni,and Mn were all in the range of 45−61 kJ/mol.The results indicate that the leaching process is all controlled by chemical reactions.展开更多
As a cathode material for thermal batteries,NiS_(2)has a high theoretical capacity but low thermal stability.Besides,the poor formability of NiS_(2)powders also restricts the cathode performance of thermal batteries.I...As a cathode material for thermal batteries,NiS_(2)has a high theoretical capacity but low thermal stability.Besides,the poor formability of NiS_(2)powders also restricts the cathode performance of thermal batteries.In this paper,the novel NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)composite material was developed by high temperature vulcanization to improve the thermal stability formability of NiS_(2).The good filling and lubrication of spherical SiO_(2)can improve the thermal conductivity of NiS_(2)electrode.The discharge test shows that the NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)cathode has a stable discharge voltage at a current density of 200 mA/cm^(2),and the activation time is shortened by nearly 20%compared with the NiS_(2)cathode.In addition,due to the favorable thermal insulation protection of SiO_(2),the initial decomposition temperature of NiS_(2)is increased by 30℃after the addition of SiO_(2).The incorporation of SiO_(2)not only effectively improves the thermal stability and electrochemical properties of NiS_(2),but also improves the cold pressing forming performance of the NiS_(2)powder.Therefore,the novel NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)composite material is more suitable for thermal batteries with high stability and fast response,which is of great significance for improving the maneuverability and quality reliability of weapons and equipment.展开更多
The major problem with lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is their poor cycling stability because of slow redox kinetics in the cathode and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode.We report the production of 2D porous...The major problem with lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is their poor cycling stability because of slow redox kinetics in the cathode and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode.We report the production of 2D porous carbon nanosheets doped with both Fe and Ni(Fe/Ni-N-PCNSs)by an easy and template-free approach that solve this problem.Because of their ultrathin porous 2D structure and uniform distribution of Fe and Ni dopants,they capture polysulfides,speed up the sulfur redox reaction,and improve the material’s lithiophilicity,greatly suppressing the shuttling of polysulfides and dendrite growth on the lithium anode.As a result,it has an exceptional performance as a stable host for elemental sulfur and metallic lithium,producing a record long life of 1000 cycles with a very small capacity decay of 0.00025%per cycle in a Li-S battery and an excellent cycling stability of over 850 h with a small overpotential of>72 mV in a lithium metal battery.This work suggests the use of multifunctional-based 2D porous carbon nanosheets as a stable host for both elemental sulfur and metallic lithium to improve the Li-S battery per-formance.展开更多
Redox flow batteries have gained wide attention at home and abroad as a long-duration energy storage technology with the advantages of high safety,long lifespan,mutual independence of capacity and power,and easy recyc...Redox flow batteries have gained wide attention at home and abroad as a long-duration energy storage technology with the advantages of high safety,long lifespan,mutual independence of capacity and power,and easy recycling.However,the current battery management technology faces significant challenges,and there is room for development.Digital twin(DT),as a technology that collectively senses,evaluates,predicts,and optimizes characteristics,is promising to contribute to redox flow batteries’operation,maintenance,and management.This paper begins with a brief description of redox flow batteries,followed by a short explanation of the concept and application of DTs.DTs have already made some progress in the field of batteries,and can be applied to solve the problems of redox flow batteries in terms of thermal management and system optimization.Finally,the paper analyzes the combination of redox flow battery and DT architecture,which is expected to contribute to developing DT technology for redox flow batteries.展开更多
Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging ...Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging and discharging overpotentials,and unstable cycle life lead to low energy efficiency,thus limiting their commercial application.The rational design and synthesis of photocathode materials are effective ways to solve the above existing problems of photo-assisted LOB systems.Herein,the recent advances in the design and preparation of photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs were summarized in this review.First,we summarize the basic principles and comprehension of the reaction mechanism for photo-assisted LOBs.The second part introduces the latest research progress on photocathode materials.The third section describes the relationship between the structureproperties and electrochemistry of different photocathodes.In addition,attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs through vacancy engineering,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and heterojunction engineering are mainly discussed.Finally,a discussion of attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials using other approaches is also presented.This work will motivate the preparation of stable and efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs and aims to promote the commercial application of rechargeable photo-assisted LOBs energy storage.展开更多
The advantages of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)for large-scale energy storage are well known.Among possible anode materials,hard carbon(HC)stands out as the most viable commercial option because of its superior performan...The advantages of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)for large-scale energy storage are well known.Among possible anode materials,hard carbon(HC)stands out as the most viable commercial option because of its superior performance.However,there is still disagreement regarding the sodium storage mechanism in the low-voltage plateau region of HC anodes,and the structure-performance relationship between its complex multiscale micro/nanostructure and electrochemical behavior remains unclear.This paper summarizes current research progress and the major problems in understanding HC’s microstructure and sodium storage mechanism,and the relationship between them.Findings about a universal sodium storage mechanism in HC,including predictions about micropore-capacity relationships,and the opportunities and challenges for using HC anodes in commercial SIBs are presented.展开更多
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience especially for electric vehicles,the development of a fast-charging technology for LIBs has become a critical focus.In commercial LIBs,the slow kinetics of Li+intercalation into the graphite anode from the electrolyte solution is known as the main restriction for fast-charging.We summarize the recent advances in obtaining fast-charging graphite-based anodes,mainly involving modifications of the electrolyte solution and graphite anode.Specifically,strategies for increasing the ionic conductivity and regulating the Li+solvation/desolvation state in the electrolyte solution,as well as optimizing the fabrication and the intrinsic activity of graphite-based anodes are discussed in detail.This review considers practical ways to obtain fast Li+intercalation kinetics into a graphite anode from the electrolyte as well as analysing progress in the commercialization of fast-charging LIBs.
文摘A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.
文摘As an emerging electrochemical energy storage technology,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs),which are considered a“beyond Li-ion”battery system,have attracted tremendous attention due to their potential for providing a high energy density,and having abundant resource,and a low cost.However,their commercialization is hindered by the lack of practical anode materials.Among various reported anodes,conventional carbon materials,including graphite,soft carbon,and hard carbon,have emerged as promising candidates because of their abundance,low cost,high conductivity,and tunable structures.However,these materials have problems such as a low initial Coulombic efficiency,significant volume expansion,and unsatisfactory cyclability and rate performance.Various strategies to solve these have been explored,including optimizing the interlayer spacing,structural design,surface coating,constructing a multifunctional framework,and forming composites.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in conventional carbon anodes,highlighting structural design strategies,mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance,and underscores the critical role of these materials in promoting the practical application of PIBs.
文摘Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2090000055)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2308085QG231).
文摘As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation and fragmentation.This ultimately leads to a decrease in cell capacity.The trends of volume expansion and capacity change of the SiO/graphite(SiO/C)composite electrode during cycling were investigated via in situ expansion monitoring.First,a series of expansion test schemes were designed,and the linear relationship between negative electrode expansion and cell capacity degradation was quantitatively analyzed.Then,the effects of different initial pressures on the long-term cycling performance of the cell were evaluated.Finally,the mechanism of their effects was analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that after 50 cycles,the cell capacity decreases from 2.556 mAh to 1.689 mAh,with a capacity retention ratio(CRR)of only 66.08%.A linear relationship between the capacity retention ratio and thickness expansion was found.Electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that intense stress inhibits the lithiation of the negative electrode and that the electrode is more susceptible to irreversible damage during cycling.Overall,these results reveal the relationship between the cycling performance of SiO and the internal pressure of the electrode from a macroscopic point of view,which provides some reference for the application of SiO/C composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172250)Institute of Process Engineering(IPE)Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-06)。
文摘The use of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is limited by sulfur redox reactions involving multi-phase transformations,especially at low-temperatures.To address this issue,we report a material(FCNS@NCFs)consisting of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers loaded with a ternary metal sulf-ide((Fe,Co,Ni)_(9)S_(8))for use as the sulfur host in Li-S batteries.This materi-al was prepared using transfer blot filter paper as the carbon precursor,thiourea as the source of nitrogen and sulfur,and FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O,CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O and NiCl_(2)·6H_(2)O as the metal ion sources.It was synthesized by an impreg-nation method followed by calcination.The nitrogen doping significantly in-creased the conductivity of the host,and the metal sulfides have excellent catalytic activities.Theoretical calculations,and adsorption and deposition experiments show that active sites on the surface of FCNS@NCFs selectively adsorb polysulfides,facilitate rapid adsorption and conversion,prevent cathode passivation and inhib-it the polysulfide shuttling.The FCNS@NCFs used as the sulfur host has excellent electrochemical properties.Its initial dis-charge capacity is 1639.0 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and room temperature,and it remains a capacity of 1255.1 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.At−20~C,it has an initial discharge capacity of 1578.5 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C,with a capacity of 867.5 mAh g^(−1) after 100 cycles.Its excellent performance at both ambient and low temperatures suggests a new way to produce high-performance low-temper-ature Li-S batteries.
文摘Practical application of Na3SbS4(NSS)solid-state electrolyte in sodium metal batteries has been significantly hindered by poor interfacial stability and insufficient ionic conductivity.In this study,a series of dual-site doped Na_(3-2x)Sb_(1-x)W_(x)S_(4-x)F_(x)(x=0,0.12,0.24,0.36)electrolytes through high-energy ball milling followed by high-temperature sintering is prepared,where tungsten(W)substitutes for antimony(Sb)and fluorine(F)replaces sulfur(S)in the NSS lattice.The co-doping of W and F not only broadens the interplanar spacing of NSS but also promotes the stable formation of the cubic phase of NSS,thereby effectively enhancing the transport ability of sodium ions within NSS.Among them,Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 4.45 mS·cm^(-1).Furthermore,F doping facilitates the in-situ formation of NaF between the electrolyte and metallic sodium,significantly improving interfacial stability.Electrochemical evaluation shows that the Na/Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24)/Na symmetric cell achieves a high critical current density of 1.65 mA·cm^(-2) and maintains stable sodium plating/stripping cycling for 500 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).Additionally,the TiS2/Na_(2.52)Sb|_(0.76)W_(0.24)S_(3.76)F_(0.24)/Na full cell exhibits outstanding cycling stability and rate capability.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))and specific capacity(1675 mAh·g^(-1)).Currently,various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers,e.g.,“shuttle effect”,capacity decay and volumetric change,which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries,summa-rizes the design strategies of different host materials,and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their electrochemical performances.Finally,reasonable suggestions for the design and development of metal nitrides,along with ideas to promote future breakthroughs,are proposed.We hope that this review could attract more attention to metal nitrides and their derivatives,and further promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金financial support from projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172038,22179017)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101600,2022YFB4101601)。
文摘For rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),the design of nanocomposites comprised of electrochemically active materials and carbon materials with novel structures has great prom-ise in addressing the issue of electrical conductivity and structural stability in the electrode materials during electrochemical cycling.We report the production of a novel flexible electrode material,by anchoring MnO_(2) nanosheets on a B,N co-doped carbon nanotube ar-ray(BNCNTs)grown on carbon cloth(BNCNTs@MnO_(2)),which was fabricated by in-situ pyrolysis and hydrothermal growth.The generated BNCNTs were strongly bonded to the surface of the car-bon fibers in the carbon cloth which provides both excellent elec-tron transport and ion diffusion,and improves the stability and dur-ability of the cathode.Importantly,the BNCNTs offer more active sites for the hydrothermal growth of MnO_(2),ensuring a uniform dis-tribution.Electrochemical tests show that BNCNTs@MnO_(2) delivers a high specific capacity of 310.7 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1),along with excellent rate capability and outstanding cycling stability,with a 79.7% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1).
文摘Electrospinning technology has emerged as a promising method for fabricating flexible lithium-ion batter-ies(FLIBs)due to its ability to create materials with desir-able properties for energy storage applications.FLIBs,which are foldable and have high energy densities,are be-coming increasingly important as power sources for wear-able devices,flexible electronics,and mobile energy applica-tions.Carbon materials,especially carbon nanofibers,are pivotal in improving the performance of FLIBs by increas-ing electrical conductivity,chemical stability,and surface area,as well as reducing costs.These materials also play a significant role in establishing conducting networks and im-proving structural integrity,which are essential for extend-ing the cycle life and enhancing the safety of the batteries.This review considers the role of electrospinning in the fabrication of critical FLIB components,with a particular emphasis on the integration of carbon materials.It explores strategies to optimize FLIB performance by fine-tuning the electrospinning para-meters,such as electric field strength,spinning rate,solution concentration,and carbonization process.Precise control over fiber properties is crucial for enhancing battery reliability and stability during folding and bending.It also highlights the latest research findings in carbon-based electrode materials,high-performance electrolytes,and separator structures,discussing the practical challenges and opportunities these materials present.It underscores the significant impact of carbon materials on the evolution of FLIBs and their potential to shape future energy storage technologies.
文摘V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve the stability,organic small molecule choline chloride intercalation is used to expand the spacing of the vanadium pentoxide layers and increase the cycling stability.Therefore,we consider the introduction of Sr^(2+)to cointercalate with choline chloride.Here,we synthes-ized vanadium pentoxide cointercalated with Sr^(2+)and choline ions(Ch^(+))via a simple hydrothermal method.The electro-chemical performance shows an enhanced cathode capacitance contribution of Sr&Ch-V_(2)O_(5),with a discharge capacity of 526 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and a retention rate of 78.9%after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1).This work offers a novel strategy for the design of organic‒inorganic hybrid materials for use as cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
基金Project(2021H0028) supported by the Natural Scienceof Fujian Province,ChinaProject(JAT200455) supported by the Fujian Provincial Young and Middle-aged Teacher Education Project,ChinaProject(fma2023003) supported by the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications,China。
文摘Rich-nickel layered ternary NCM811 has been widely used in the field of electric vehicles ascribed to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,poor cycling stability and rate-performance hindered its further development.Herein,different amounts of nitrogen-doped carbon were wrapped on the surface of NCM811 via a facile rheological phase method by regulating the amount of dopamine hydrochloride.The effects of the coating amounts on the structure and electrochemical performance are investigated.The DFT calculation,XRD,SEM and XPS reveal that an appropriate amount of nitrogen-doped carbon coating could uniformly form a protective layer on the NCM811 surface and the introduced N could anchor Ni atoms to inhibit the Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing,but excessive amount would reduce Ni^(3+)to Ni^(2+)so as to conversely aggravate Li^(+)/Ni^(2+)mixing.Among the samples,the NCM811-CN0.75 sample exhibits the most excellent electrochemical performance,delivering a high-rate capacity of 151.6 mA·h/g at 10C,and long-term cyclability with 82.2%capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5C,exhibiting remarkable rate-performance and cyclability.
基金Projects(51974137,52274299)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023M733190)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘In view of the difference in coordination capacity of the glycine ion(Gly−),a selective leaching process for treating with spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in the alkaline glycinate system was proposed.The effects of retention time,leaching temperature,concentration of glycine ligand,liquid-solid ratio(L/S),pH,stirring speed,and H_(2)O_(2) dosage on the leaching efficiency of valuable metals and the dissolution of impurities were investigated.When the spent LIBs were leached in 3 mol/L glycine aqueous solution with pH of 8,L/S of 5 mL:1 g and H_(2)O_(2) dosage of 5 vol.%at 90℃and stirring speed of 400 r/min for 3 h,lithium,cobalt,nickel,and manganese recoveries were 96.31%,83.18%,91.56%,and 31.16%,respectively,but Ca,Al,Fe,and Cu were almost insoluble.Meanwhile,the kinetic study showed that the activation energies for the leaching of Li,Co,Ni,and Mn were all in the range of 45−61 kJ/mol.The results indicate that the leaching process is all controlled by chemical reactions.
基金Project(23JCYBJC01870)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,ChinaProject(U22A20119)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘As a cathode material for thermal batteries,NiS_(2)has a high theoretical capacity but low thermal stability.Besides,the poor formability of NiS_(2)powders also restricts the cathode performance of thermal batteries.In this paper,the novel NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)composite material was developed by high temperature vulcanization to improve the thermal stability formability of NiS_(2).The good filling and lubrication of spherical SiO_(2)can improve the thermal conductivity of NiS_(2)electrode.The discharge test shows that the NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)cathode has a stable discharge voltage at a current density of 200 mA/cm^(2),and the activation time is shortened by nearly 20%compared with the NiS_(2)cathode.In addition,due to the favorable thermal insulation protection of SiO_(2),the initial decomposition temperature of NiS_(2)is increased by 30℃after the addition of SiO_(2).The incorporation of SiO_(2)not only effectively improves the thermal stability and electrochemical properties of NiS_(2),but also improves the cold pressing forming performance of the NiS_(2)powder.Therefore,the novel NiS_(2)/SiO_(2)composite material is more suitable for thermal batteries with high stability and fast response,which is of great significance for improving the maneuverability and quality reliability of weapons and equipment.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project of Guangdong(2022A1515011817,2023A1515030160)Research and Innovation Group of Guangdong University of Education(2024KYCXTD014)。
文摘The major problem with lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries is their poor cycling stability because of slow redox kinetics in the cathode and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode.We report the production of 2D porous carbon nanosheets doped with both Fe and Ni(Fe/Ni-N-PCNSs)by an easy and template-free approach that solve this problem.Because of their ultrathin porous 2D structure and uniform distribution of Fe and Ni dopants,they capture polysulfides,speed up the sulfur redox reaction,and improve the material’s lithiophilicity,greatly suppressing the shuttling of polysulfides and dendrite growth on the lithium anode.As a result,it has an exceptional performance as a stable host for elemental sulfur and metallic lithium,producing a record long life of 1000 cycles with a very small capacity decay of 0.00025%per cycle in a Li-S battery and an excellent cycling stability of over 850 h with a small overpotential of>72 mV in a lithium metal battery.This work suggests the use of multifunctional-based 2D porous carbon nanosheets as a stable host for both elemental sulfur and metallic lithium to improve the Li-S battery per-formance.
基金Supported by the Special Educating Project of the Talent for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3E56501A2)。
文摘Redox flow batteries have gained wide attention at home and abroad as a long-duration energy storage technology with the advantages of high safety,long lifespan,mutual independence of capacity and power,and easy recycling.However,the current battery management technology faces significant challenges,and there is room for development.Digital twin(DT),as a technology that collectively senses,evaluates,predicts,and optimizes characteristics,is promising to contribute to redox flow batteries’operation,maintenance,and management.This paper begins with a brief description of redox flow batteries,followed by a short explanation of the concept and application of DTs.DTs have already made some progress in the field of batteries,and can be applied to solve the problems of redox flow batteries in terms of thermal management and system optimization.Finally,the paper analyzes the combination of redox flow battery and DT architecture,which is expected to contribute to developing DT technology for redox flow batteries.
文摘Photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries(LOBs)have remained a prominent and growing field over the past several years.However,the presence of slow oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),large charging and discharging overpotentials,and unstable cycle life lead to low energy efficiency,thus limiting their commercial application.The rational design and synthesis of photocathode materials are effective ways to solve the above existing problems of photo-assisted LOB systems.Herein,the recent advances in the design and preparation of photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs were summarized in this review.First,we summarize the basic principles and comprehension of the reaction mechanism for photo-assisted LOBs.The second part introduces the latest research progress on photocathode materials.The third section describes the relationship between the structureproperties and electrochemistry of different photocathodes.In addition,attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs through vacancy engineering,localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR),and heterojunction engineering are mainly discussed.Finally,a discussion of attempts to construct efficient photocathode materials using other approaches is also presented.This work will motivate the preparation of stable and efficient photocathode materials for photo-assisted LOBs and aims to promote the commercial application of rechargeable photo-assisted LOBs energy storage.
文摘The advantages of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)for large-scale energy storage are well known.Among possible anode materials,hard carbon(HC)stands out as the most viable commercial option because of its superior performance.However,there is still disagreement regarding the sodium storage mechanism in the low-voltage plateau region of HC anodes,and the structure-performance relationship between its complex multiscale micro/nanostructure and electrochemical behavior remains unclear.This paper summarizes current research progress and the major problems in understanding HC’s microstructure and sodium storage mechanism,and the relationship between them.Findings about a universal sodium storage mechanism in HC,including predictions about micropore-capacity relationships,and the opportunities and challenges for using HC anodes in commercial SIBs are presented.
