Muddy baffles are one of the major geological factors controlling the underground fluid flow as well as the remaining oil distribution. This study used detailed drilling data from the E1f1 reservoir in the X Oilfield,...Muddy baffles are one of the major geological factors controlling the underground fluid flow as well as the remaining oil distribution. This study used detailed drilling data from the E1f1 reservoir in the X Oilfield, Subei Basin, China, to investigate the hierarchical muddy baffles developed on lacustrine delta fronts and their precise cross-well correlation.According to the theories on allogenic and autogenic cycles as well as the genesis and scales of muddy baffles, five orders of muddy baffles were classified, which provided various degrees of difficulty when attempting interwell correlation. Under the guidance of a reliable stratigraphic model, the precise cross-well correlation of muddy baffles could be achieved and the key point of establishment of this stratigraphic model was to calculate foreset angles of hierarchical muddy baffles during deposition. During calculation, the relationships between sediment flow direction, higher-order strata dipping direction,well types and well trajectory direction should all be taken into consideration and some other angles（referred to here as θ1,θ2 and θ3） should also be measured. Such new methods of cross-well correlation for hierarchical muddy baffles could greatly reduce the uncertainties and multiple solutions, which in turn would be significant for efficient development and oil recovery enhancement in the reservoirs.展开更多
This study combines the three-dimensional model of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(HT-PEMFC)with theoretical analysis,by optimizing the structure of the fuel cell,adding a semicircular baffle i...This study combines the three-dimensional model of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(HT-PEMFC)with theoretical analysis,by optimizing the structure of the fuel cell,adding a semicircular baffle in the gas channel and implementing novelly arranged obstacles to improve the PEMFC performance. The effects of velocity distribution,interface reactant concentration and pressure drop on performance are studied. The results show that adding obstacles in the gas channel will produce vertical velocity and can improve output performance,especially in the case of high current density and higher baffle radius. The superiority of the optimized structure in mass transfer capacity is proved,and a mechanism explanation is given for the improvement of performance.展开更多
Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is ...Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately.This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations.Free and forced sloshing,with and without baffles,are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency.The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments.The upper limit of the resonance zone,sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one,two and four baffles are also investigated.The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude.It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs,away from the fundamental frequency.Finally,a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.展开更多
To decrease the radiation heat load of the cryopanel is considered to be necessary for the design of cryopumps. In general, a radiation baffle is mounted between the cryopanel and the heat source. The radiation baffle...To decrease the radiation heat load of the cryopanel is considered to be necessary for the design of cryopumps. In general, a radiation baffle is mounted between the cryopanel and the heat source. The radiation baffle absorbs the majority of the radiated heat load. However, the motion of molecules to be pumped is baffled and the pumping speed is lowered at the same time. Therefore the selection of a good radiation baffle is a very important issue for the economical operation of the cryopump. By calculating and comprehensively analyzing the thermal transmission coefficients and the molecular transmission coefficients of baffles of different structures, a type of Chevron baffle is found to be more satisfactory. This paper focuses on the application of the Monte Carlo Method involved in the process of analysis and calculation.展开更多
In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-...In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-alloy flame-baffle samples by plasma spraying.The relations between temperature and time of these samples were tested when they were heated by combustion flame.The relations between temperature of the coatings and the sample bodies and time were also tested when the samples at high temperatures were cooled by water.The experimental results indicated that ① the thicker the thermal barrier coatings,the better the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier;② the higher the temperature,the more significant of the thermal insulation of the thermal barrier.Also,in the case of water-cooling,the cooling rate of the coatings was greatly subject to the plate body and the cooling rate of coatings below 1.0mm was equivalent to that of the plate body.展开更多
Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,in order to solve the problem of the poor development effects caused by commingled injection and production,taking the thick bioclastic...Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,in order to solve the problem of the poor development effects caused by commingled injection and production,taking the thick bioclastic limestone reservoirs of Cretaceous in Iran-Iraq as an example,this paper proposes a balanced waterflooding development technology for thick and complex carbonate reservoirs.This technology includes the fine division of development units by concealed baffles and barriers,the combination of multi well type and multi well pattern,and the construction of balanced water injection and recovery system.Thick carbonate reservoirs in Iran-Iraq are characterized by extremely vertical heterogeneity,development of multi-genesis ultra-high permeability zones,and highly concealed baffles and barriers.Based on the technologies of identification,characterization,and sealing evaluation for concealed baffles and barriers,the balanced waterflooding development technology is proposed,and three types of balanced waterflooding development modes/techniques are formed,namely,conventional stratigraphic framework,fine stratigraphic framework,and deepened stratigraphic framework.Numerical simulations show that this technology is able to realize a fine and efficient waterflooding development to recover,in a balanced manner,the reserves of thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in Iran and Iraq.The proposed technology provides a reference for the development optimization of similar reservoirs.展开更多
In this article,we consider the numerical prediction of the noise emission from a wheelset in laboratory conditions.We focus on the fluid-structure interaction leading to sound emission in the fluid domain by analyzin...In this article,we consider the numerical prediction of the noise emission from a wheelset in laboratory conditions.We focus on the fluid-structure interaction leading to sound emission in the fluid domain by analyzing three different methods to account for acoustic sources.These are a discretized baffled piston using the discrete calculation method(DCM),a closed cylindrical volume using the boundary element method(BEM)and radiating elastic disks in a cubic enclosure solved with the finite element method(FEM).We provide the validation of the baffled piston and the BEM using measurements of the noise emission of a railway wheel by considering ground reflections in the numerical models.Selected space-resolved waveforms are compared with experimental results as well as with a fluid-structure interaction finite element model.The computational advantage of a discretized disk mounted on a baffle and BEM compared to FEM is highlighted,and the baffled pistons limitations caused by a lack of edge radiation effects are investigated.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that aerodynamic uplift forces of the pantograph running in the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream conditions are inconsistent,and their magnitudes do not satisfy the corresponding standard,...Aiming at the problem that aerodynamic uplift forces of the pantograph running in the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream conditions are inconsistent,and their magnitudes do not satisfy the corresponding standard, the aerodynamic uplift forces of pantographs with baffles are numerically investigated, and an optimization method to determine the baffle angle is proposed. First, the error between the aerodynamic resistances of the pantograph obtained by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 5%, which indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Second, the original pantograph and pantographs equipped with three different baffles are numerically simulated to obtain the aerodynamic forces and moments of the pantograph components.Three different angles for the baffles are-17°, 0° and 17°.Then the multibody simulation is used to calculate the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph, and the optimal range for the baffle angle is determined. Results show that the lift force of the baffle increases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-downstream condition, whereas the lift force of the baffle decreases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-upstream condition. According to the results of the aerodynamic uplift force, the optimal angle of the baffle is determined to be 4.75° when the running speed is 350 km/h, and pantograph–catenary contact forces are 128.89 N and 129.15 N under the knuckledownstream and knuckle-upstream operating conditions,respectively, which are almost equal and both meet the requirements of the standard EN50367:2012.展开更多
Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection deve...Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.展开更多
It is well known that a computationally efficient model for calculation of radiation impedance of an arbitrarily shaped piston has been developed. We simplify the proposed algorithm by using geometric characteristics ...It is well known that a computationally efficient model for calculation of radiation impedance of an arbitrarily shaped piston has been developed. We simplify the proposed algorithm by using geometric characteristics and intrinsic relationship between the analytic expressions. As an example, the method accuracy is illustrated and the radiation impedance of a right-angled triangular piston is calculated. The numerical results are in good agreement with that obtained directly by the quadruple integral method.展开更多
The sloshing in a tank with a specific geometric shape containing fluid was modeled numerically to reduce its effects by applying a porous medium to the tank wall.The thickness and position of the porous layer and the...The sloshing in a tank with a specific geometric shape containing fluid was modeled numerically to reduce its effects by applying a porous medium to the tank wall.The thickness and position of the porous layer and the geometric shape of the tank were investigated as the main parameters to select an optimal approach to reduce the effects of sloshing.Different fluid tank filling percentages(H_(w)/H_(tot)) were evaluated.Results indicate that performance at H_(w)/H_(tot)=0.33 and two tank modes with and without a porous environment layer have the greatest impact on reducing sloshing.A thickness of 30 cm and placement on the side walls are determined to be the ideal thickness and location of the porous layer.A porous layer with a thickness(t)relative to the tank length at the middle(L_(m)),t L_(m)=0.1 applied to the side walls of the tank effectively reduces the pressure by 65%.This study provided suggestions for the aspect ratio of a chamfered tank designed against sloshing.展开更多
基金supported by an Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University, PLN1503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41602145, 41402125, and 41602117)Scientific Research Starting Project of SWPU (No. 2014QHZ008)
文摘Muddy baffles are one of the major geological factors controlling the underground fluid flow as well as the remaining oil distribution. This study used detailed drilling data from the E1f1 reservoir in the X Oilfield, Subei Basin, China, to investigate the hierarchical muddy baffles developed on lacustrine delta fronts and their precise cross-well correlation.According to the theories on allogenic and autogenic cycles as well as the genesis and scales of muddy baffles, five orders of muddy baffles were classified, which provided various degrees of difficulty when attempting interwell correlation. Under the guidance of a reliable stratigraphic model, the precise cross-well correlation of muddy baffles could be achieved and the key point of establishment of this stratigraphic model was to calculate foreset angles of hierarchical muddy baffles during deposition. During calculation, the relationships between sediment flow direction, higher-order strata dipping direction,well types and well trajectory direction should all be taken into consideration and some other angles（referred to here as θ1,θ2 and θ3） should also be measured. Such new methods of cross-well correlation for hierarchical muddy baffles could greatly reduce the uncertainties and multiple solutions, which in turn would be significant for efficient development and oil recovery enhancement in the reservoirs.
基金supported by the De-fense Industrial Technology Development Program (No. JCKY2018605B006)the Aviation Science Fund (No. 201928052002)
文摘This study combines the three-dimensional model of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell(HT-PEMFC)with theoretical analysis,by optimizing the structure of the fuel cell,adding a semicircular baffle in the gas channel and implementing novelly arranged obstacles to improve the PEMFC performance. The effects of velocity distribution,interface reactant concentration and pressure drop on performance are studied. The results show that adding obstacles in the gas channel will produce vertical velocity and can improve output performance,especially in the case of high current density and higher baffle radius. The superiority of the optimized structure in mass transfer capacity is proved,and a mechanism explanation is given for the improvement of performance.
基金Open access funding provided by NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology(incl St.Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital)。
文摘Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately.This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations.Free and forced sloshing,with and without baffles,are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency.The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments.The upper limit of the resonance zone,sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one,two and four baffles are also investigated.The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude.It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs,away from the fundamental frequency.Finally,a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.
文摘To decrease the radiation heat load of the cryopanel is considered to be necessary for the design of cryopumps. In general, a radiation baffle is mounted between the cryopanel and the heat source. The radiation baffle absorbs the majority of the radiated heat load. However, the motion of molecules to be pumped is baffled and the pumping speed is lowered at the same time. Therefore the selection of a good radiation baffle is a very important issue for the economical operation of the cryopump. By calculating and comprehensively analyzing the thermal transmission coefficients and the molecular transmission coefficients of baffles of different structures, a type of Chevron baffle is found to be more satisfactory. This paper focuses on the application of the Monte Carlo Method involved in the process of analysis and calculation.
文摘In order to study the thermal insulation and cooling properties of thermal barrier coatings of a flame baffle,several ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings with different thicknesses were prepared on the surface of aluminium-alloy flame-baffle samples by plasma spraying.The relations between temperature and time of these samples were tested when they were heated by combustion flame.The relations between temperature of the coatings and the sample bodies and time were also tested when the samples at high temperatures were cooled by water.The experimental results indicated that ① the thicker the thermal barrier coatings,the better the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier;② the higher the temperature,the more significant of the thermal insulation of the thermal barrier.Also,in the case of water-cooling,the cooling rate of the coatings was greatly subject to the plate body and the cooling rate of coatings below 1.0mm was equivalent to that of the plate body.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of CNPC(2023ZZ19-01).
文摘Based on the waterflooding development in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East,in order to solve the problem of the poor development effects caused by commingled injection and production,taking the thick bioclastic limestone reservoirs of Cretaceous in Iran-Iraq as an example,this paper proposes a balanced waterflooding development technology for thick and complex carbonate reservoirs.This technology includes the fine division of development units by concealed baffles and barriers,the combination of multi well type and multi well pattern,and the construction of balanced water injection and recovery system.Thick carbonate reservoirs in Iran-Iraq are characterized by extremely vertical heterogeneity,development of multi-genesis ultra-high permeability zones,and highly concealed baffles and barriers.Based on the technologies of identification,characterization,and sealing evaluation for concealed baffles and barriers,the balanced waterflooding development technology is proposed,and three types of balanced waterflooding development modes/techniques are formed,namely,conventional stratigraphic framework,fine stratigraphic framework,and deepened stratigraphic framework.Numerical simulations show that this technology is able to realize a fine and efficient waterflooding development to recover,in a balanced manner,the reserves of thick and complex carbonate reservoirs in Iran and Iraq.The proposed technology provides a reference for the development optimization of similar reservoirs.
基金The project was commissioned and supported by the funding of the Federal Office of Environment(No.1337000438).
文摘In this article,we consider the numerical prediction of the noise emission from a wheelset in laboratory conditions.We focus on the fluid-structure interaction leading to sound emission in the fluid domain by analyzing three different methods to account for acoustic sources.These are a discretized baffled piston using the discrete calculation method(DCM),a closed cylindrical volume using the boundary element method(BEM)and radiating elastic disks in a cubic enclosure solved with the finite element method(FEM).We provide the validation of the baffled piston and the BEM using measurements of the noise emission of a railway wheel by considering ground reflections in the numerical models.Selected space-resolved waveforms are compared with experimental results as well as with a fluid-structure interaction finite element model.The computational advantage of a discretized disk mounted on a baffle and BEM compared to FEM is highlighted,and the baffled pistons limitations caused by a lack of edge radiation effects are investigated.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFA0710902)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52072319)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52072319 and 12172308)State Key Laboratory of Traction Power (2019TPL_T02)。
文摘Aiming at the problem that aerodynamic uplift forces of the pantograph running in the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream conditions are inconsistent,and their magnitudes do not satisfy the corresponding standard, the aerodynamic uplift forces of pantographs with baffles are numerically investigated, and an optimization method to determine the baffle angle is proposed. First, the error between the aerodynamic resistances of the pantograph obtained by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 5%, which indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Second, the original pantograph and pantographs equipped with three different baffles are numerically simulated to obtain the aerodynamic forces and moments of the pantograph components.Three different angles for the baffles are-17°, 0° and 17°.Then the multibody simulation is used to calculate the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph, and the optimal range for the baffle angle is determined. Results show that the lift force of the baffle increases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-downstream condition, whereas the lift force of the baffle decreases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-upstream condition. According to the results of the aerodynamic uplift force, the optimal angle of the baffle is determined to be 4.75° when the running speed is 350 km/h, and pantograph–catenary contact forces are 128.89 N and 129.15 N under the knuckledownstream and knuckle-upstream operating conditions,respectively, which are almost equal and both meet the requirements of the standard EN50367:2012.
文摘Through the research on several carbonate reservoirs developed in the Middle East, the basic characteristics of different types of carbonate reservoirs are determined, and a set of high-efficiency water injection development options and strategies are presented. Hidden baffles and barriers exist in carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, so the reservoirs could be divided into different separated development units based on the baffles and barriers characteristics. Flexible and diverse profile control techniques such as high angle wells and simple and applicative zonal water injection have been introduced to improve the control and development degree of reservoirs. Three principal water injection development methods suitable for different carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are proposed, including the combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection, bottom interval injection and top interval production(buoyancy underpinning), and "weak point and strong plane" area well pattern. Based on the characteristics of very low shale content, fast and far pressure transmission in the Middle East carbonate reservoirs, a large well-spacing flood pattern is recommended, and reasonable development strategies have been made such as moderate water injection rate and maintaining reasonable production pressure drawdown and voidage replacement ratio, so as to maximize the recovery of reservoirs in the none or low water cut period.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10474115.
文摘It is well known that a computationally efficient model for calculation of radiation impedance of an arbitrarily shaped piston has been developed. We simplify the proposed algorithm by using geometric characteristics and intrinsic relationship between the analytic expressions. As an example, the method accuracy is illustrated and the radiation impedance of a right-angled triangular piston is calculated. The numerical results are in good agreement with that obtained directly by the quadruple integral method.
文摘The sloshing in a tank with a specific geometric shape containing fluid was modeled numerically to reduce its effects by applying a porous medium to the tank wall.The thickness and position of the porous layer and the geometric shape of the tank were investigated as the main parameters to select an optimal approach to reduce the effects of sloshing.Different fluid tank filling percentages(H_(w)/H_(tot)) were evaluated.Results indicate that performance at H_(w)/H_(tot)=0.33 and two tank modes with and without a porous environment layer have the greatest impact on reducing sloshing.A thickness of 30 cm and placement on the side walls are determined to be the ideal thickness and location of the porous layer.A porous layer with a thickness(t)relative to the tank length at the middle(L_(m)),t L_(m)=0.1 applied to the side walls of the tank effectively reduces the pressure by 65%.This study provided suggestions for the aspect ratio of a chamfered tank designed against sloshing.
