A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle w...Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle was thought to be the source of the calcium observed in these oldest stars.However,according to the stellar modeling,a nearly tenfold increase in the thermonuclear rate ratio of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction with respect to the competing ^(19)F(p,α)^(16) O back-processing reaction is required to reproduce the observed calcium abundance.We performed a direct measurement of this break-out reaction at the China Jinping underground laboratory.The measurement was performed down to the low-energy limit of E_(c.m.)=186 keV in the center-of-mass frame.The key resonance was observed at 225.2 keV for the first time.At a temperature of approximately 0.1 GK,this new resonance enhanced the thermonuclear ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne rate by up to a factor of≈7.4,compared with the previously recommended NACRE rate.This is of particular interest to the study of the evolution of the first stars and implies a stronger breakdown in their“warm”CNO cycle through the ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction than previously envisioned.This break-out resulted in the production of the calcium observed in the oldest stars,enhancing our understanding of the evolution of the first stars.展开更多
The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be f...The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.展开更多
Objective To analyze characteristics of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in Chinese patients.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 98 patients with HAPE.We reviewed the medical records and summarized the cli...Objective To analyze characteristics of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in Chinese patients.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 98 patients with HAPE.We reviewed the medical records and summarized the clinical,laboratory and imaging characteristics of these cases,and compared the results on admission with those determined before discharge.Results Forty-eight(49.0%)patients developed HAPE at the altitude of 2800 m to 3000 m.Ninty-five(96.9%)patients were man.Moist rales were audible from the both lungs,and moist rales over the right lung were clearer than those over the left lung in fourteen patients.The white blood cells[(12.83±5.55)versus(8.95±3.23)×109/L,P=0.001)]as well as neutrophil counts[(11.34±3.81)versus(7.49±2.83)×109/L,P=0.001)]were higher,whereas the counts of other subsets of white blood cells were lower on admission than those after recovery(all P<0.05).Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase(115.8±37.6 versus 85.7±32.4 mmol/L,P=0.020),cholinesterase(7226.2±1631.8 versus 6285.3±1693.3 mmol/L,P=0.040),creatinine(85.2±17.1 versus 75.1±12.8 mmol/L,P=0.021),uric acid(401.9±114.2 versus 326.0±154.3 mmol/L,P=0.041),and uric glucose(7.20±1.10 versus 5.51±1.11 mmol/L,P=0.001)were higher,but carbondioxide combining power(CO2CP,26.7±4.4 versus 28.9±4.5 mmol/L,P=0.042)and serous calcium(2.32±0.13 versus 2.41±0.10 mmol/L,P=0.006)were lower on admission.Arterial blood gas results showed hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis on admission.Conclusions In the present research,men were more susceptible to HAPE than women,and in the process of HAPE,the lesions of the right lung were more serious than those of the left lung.Some indicators of routine blood test and blood biochemistry of HAPE patients changed.展开更多
This paper tries to build a multi-functional downhole nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） fluid analysis laboratory that can evaluate fluid information in real time at reservoir conditions at a depth of several thousan...This paper tries to build a multi-functional downhole nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） fluid analysis laboratory that can evaluate fluid information in real time at reservoir conditions at a depth of several thousand meters. The aim is to monitor the pollution of the formation fluids and quantitatively evaluate NMR characteristics of the fluids. It focuses on the design of the structure and parameters of a sensor with zero stray fields. Two separate coils are designed to measure NMR characteristics of flowing or static fluids. A method is proposed to use the Bloch equation, to guide the optimization of the NMR sensor. Finally, the measured results confirm that the design is reasonable. There is a homogeneous static field （perpendicular to the axial direction） in the center of the sensor, and there are no stray external fields. The novel design of pre-polarization magnet improves the signal to noise ratio, while shortening the sensor length.展开更多
Intrinsic radiation of materials is one of the major backgrounds for many rare-event search experiments.Thus,the production of pure materials in an underground laboratory is a promising approach for eliminating cosmog...Intrinsic radiation of materials is one of the major backgrounds for many rare-event search experiments.Thus,the production of pure materials in an underground laboratory is a promising approach for eliminating cosmogenic radionuclides.In this paper,we demonstrate a procedure to evaluate the yields of cosmogenic radionuclides in copper and germanium in the second phase of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.Our results show that for copper and germanium materials,the largest cosmogenic background comes from 3 H and57,58,60Co,and 3 H and 68Ge,respectively,which all have yields on the order of 10-7 kg-1 day-1.The corresponding radioactivities after 90 days pf exposure underground are estimated to be lower than 10-6μBq kg-1.展开更多
Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more p...Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more popular in the life of the people from different countries,yet people do so with a little or no awareness of cultural differences.Though people may feel comfortable with standard literary speech,they will probably find themselves in hot water when confronted with idiomatic ex pressions.Idiomatic expressions are a mirror of a distinct cultural connotation is of vital importance.The thesis confines the idiomatic expression only to the animals,for most of the animals are relatively familiar to human be ings and the idiomatic expressions are rich in both Chinese and English.These idiomatic expressions reflect cultural differences more than cultural similarities for each of them has its own origins and shows its own national coloring.The cultural differences can be mainly divided into three categories:cultural conflict,cultural adaptation,and cultural vacancy.Only by acquainting with and awareness of these cultural differences,can people use such idiomatic expressions appropriately and understand them correctly.As a matter of fact,culture and language are interdependent.The awareness of cultural backgrounds is essential for cross-cul tural communication.I hope that every learner will realize the great importance of cultural awareness,and every learner's good intention will receive pleasing responses.展开更多
The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g.economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to p...The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g.economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to play in this respect, provided that Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) is progressively implemented. CCS is the only way to reduce emissions from energy intensive industries.Thus, the need for upgraded and new CCS research facilities is widely recognised among stakeholders across Europe, as emphasised by the Zero Emissions Platform(ZEP) [1] and the European Energy Research Alliance on CCS(EERA-CCS) [2].The European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, ECCSEL, provides funders, operators and researchers with significant benefits by offering access to world-class research facilities that, in many cases, are unlikely for a single nation to support in isolation.This implies creation of synergy and the avoidance of duplication as well as streamlining of funding for research facilities.ECCSEL offers open access to its advanced laboratories for talented scientists and visiting researchers to conduct cutting-edge research.In the planning of ECCSEL, gap analyses were performed and CCS technologies have been reviewed to underpin and envisage the future experimental setup; 1) Making use of readily available facilities, 2) Modifying existing facilities, and 3) Planning and building entirely new advanced facilities.The investments required for the first ten years(2015-2025) are expected to be in the range of €80-120 miilion. These investments show the current level of ambition, as proposed during the preparatory phase(2011-2014).Entering the implementation phase in 2015, 9 European countries signed Letter of Intent(LoI) to join a ECCSEL legal entity: France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland(active observer). As the EU ERIC-regulation [3] would offer the most suitable legal framework for ECCSEL, the host country, Norway, will apply for establishing ERIC as the ECCSEL Research Infrastructure(RI)legal entity in 2017. Until the ECCSEL ERIC is approved by the European Commission(probably by summer 2017), an interim MoU agreement for the implementation phase of ECCSEL RI has been signed by 13 research institutions and universities representing the 9 countries. A consortium of these partners were granted 3 million EURO from Horizon 2020 to boost implementation of ECCSEL from September 2015 and two years onwards.?2016, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were ...Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were selected and the diversity of soil animals in different habitats in Mt. Taishan were investigated and studied in 1997–1999. Totally 52 groups of soil animals were found, belonging separately to 7 Phyla, 11 Classes, 25 Orders and 28 suborders or families. There exists remarkable difference in groups, quantity and diversity of soil animals among the five habitats. Grassland habitat was the highest andPinus densiflora forest was the lowest in groups, quantities, Density-group index (DG) and Diversity index of comparing many communities (DIC) of soil animals. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) for soil animals of different habitats was in order ofPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pielou’s equality index (J′) wasPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Grassland>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and Simposn’s dominant index (C) was Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Platycladus orientalis forest. The H index and J index of macro-soil animal all were larger than that of mid-small soil animal. Clustering analysis for five soil animal communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were made and completely identical results were obtained. Soil animal communities of five habitats were divided into 3 groups.展开更多
The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distin...The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m^(-2). There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), 3.68 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1) and 4.16 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.展开更多
Steel mesh is used as a passive skin confinement medium to supplement the active support provided by rock bolts for roof and rib control in underground coal mines. Thin spray-on liners(TSL) are believed to have the po...Steel mesh is used as a passive skin confinement medium to supplement the active support provided by rock bolts for roof and rib control in underground coal mines. Thin spray-on liners(TSL) are believed to have the potential to take the place of steel mesh as the skin confinement medium in underground mines.To confirm this belief, large scale laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the behaviour of welded steel mesh and a TSL, when used in conjunction with rock bolts, in reinforcing strata with weak bedding planes and strata prone to guttering, two common rock conditions which exist in coal mines. It was found that while the peak load taken by the simulated rock mass with weak bedding planes acting as the control sample(no skin confinement) was 2494 kN, the corresponding value of the sample with 5 mm thick TSL reinforcement reached 2856 kN. The peak load of the steel mesh reinforced sample was only2321 kN, but this was attributed to the fact that one of the rock bolts broke during the test. The TSL reinforced sample had a similar post-yield behaviour as the steel mesh reinforced one. The results of the large scale guttering test indicated that a TSL is better than steel mesh in restricting rock movement and thus inhibiting the formation of gutters in the roof.展开更多
Chinese scientists have been actively engaged in biotechnology research since the mid-2Oth century.However,biotechnology education,especially biomedical laboratory technology education,is relatively scarce in China.Mo...Chinese scientists have been actively engaged in biotechnology research since the mid-2Oth century.However,biotechnology education,especially biomedical laboratory technology education,is relatively scarce in China.More and more cutting-edge equipment and techniques have been introduced into biomedical laboratories in China,but there is a lack of high-quality techni&ans to apply these advancements to scientific research.In addition,the traditional education and apprenticeship systems have been demonstrated little progress.To address this gap,West China Hospital of Sichuan University established a 2-year educational program for laboratory technology in 2006 based on the residency training program.The project integrates scientific methods into the research laboratory technician training in relevant disciplines,and has developed a systematic,scientific,and effective standardized training system to cultivate high-level and stable experimental technician team for the need of advanced laboratories,which has been demonstrated gready improve the efficiency of biomedical researchers and laboratory facilities.In this article,we introduce the practical experience in establishment and development of a standardized training system for biomedical laboratory technicians to ensure the sustainable development of medical researches.展开更多
Phenomenon: Nowadays, with rapidly developing in medical laboratory science(MLS), new concepts, knowledge and technologies are constantly emerging, which requires medical students to continuously learn to grasp the ne...Phenomenon: Nowadays, with rapidly developing in medical laboratory science(MLS), new concepts, knowledge and technologies are constantly emerging, which requires medical students to continuously learn to grasp the new development trend and the latest research progress. To enable the students to learn and make use of scientific knowledge better, the Special English Curriculum for MLS has been set up, which is very important to non-English-speaking students. However, there are many problems in the course of teaching, so the improved teaching quality of the curriculum is in demand. Approach: In this paper these problems are described and the corresponding advices are proposed from the perspectives of staff room, teachers and students, which are supposed to develop the curriculum for education of the medical laboratory scientists. Findings: To improve the teaching quality of the Special English Curriculum for MLS, the textbook should be appropriately selected or compiled, the novel teaching methods can be applied, and the modern multimedia teaching materials can be adopted.The teachers of the curriculum should be proficient in professional knowledge, English as well as the systematic and scientific teaching methods. The students need to have the courage and determination to overcome the difficulties when they learn the curriculum, and the students who have not did well in their lessons should learn to study by themselves. Insights: The Special English Curriculum for MLS is very important to non-English-speaking students and is kind of difficult for them, the staff room, teachers and students should adjust themselves to teach and learn the curriculum better.展开更多
The paper aims to analyze the problems animal-protection faces and try to give advices about how to solve these problems. The first part will analyze that in the history of philosophical development, many philosophers...The paper aims to analyze the problems animal-protection faces and try to give advices about how to solve these problems. The first part will analyze that in the history of philosophical development, many philosophers make any excuse to place human above animals. The second part will make comments about how Costello makes the comparison about the poems of Rilke and Hughes about animals. The final part mainly talks about that the dilemma of the animal-rights movement and how to improve the situation.展开更多
In the development of human civilization,human beings have had frequent contact with different animals.Because of the differ ent cultural background of Chinese and English nationalities and the individuality of nation...In the development of human civilization,human beings have had frequent contact with different animals.Because of the differ ent cultural background of Chinese and English nationalities and the individuality of national culture,the animals also reflect the different totems or symbols.So in order to learn English well,learn the animals in different culture deeply and communicate properly in inter-cul tural communications,it is necessary to comparative analysis the different culture in Chinese and Western.This paper studied the reflection and connotation of animas in Chinese and western culture.Through giving examples and analysis the two aspects,this paper found that the reasons causing animals connotation differences in different cultures.展开更多
The study of robot animals based on brain-computer interface （BCI） technology is an important field in robots and neuroscience at present. In this paper, the development status at home and abroad of the motion contr...The study of robot animals based on brain-computer interface （BCI） technology is an important field in robots and neuroscience at present. In this paper, the development status at home and abroad of the motion control of robot based on BCI and principle of robot animals are introduced, then a new animals＇ behavior control method by photostimulation is presented. At last, the application prospect is provided.展开更多
Measurement of nitrogen in small live animals （Weighing about 3 kg） can be used to determine the whole- body protein in the animals. Nitrogen may be measured by IVNAA in which the capture gamma rays of neutron induc...Measurement of nitrogen in small live animals （Weighing about 3 kg） can be used to determine the whole- body protein in the animals. Nitrogen may be measured by IVNAA in which the capture gamma rays of neutron induced are detected and counted. The neutron flux is provided by a collimated 740 GBq （20Ci） Pu- Be source. The 10.83 MeV thermal neutron capture gamma rays from <sup>14</sup>N are detected by a 12.7 cm by 10.2 NaI （T1） detector. The nitrogen of a live rabbit was measured and recorded each day for a period of two months. The statistical error and reproducibility of measurement were around 10%. For a 1000 s irradiation the dose equivalent was 300μ Sv.展开更多
Aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC enzymes among Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in Chongqing City. 326 E.coli isolates were...Aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC enzymes among Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in Chongqing City. 326 E.coli isolates were obtained from piglets,cattle and chickens.In these isolates,19 ESBLs and 6 AmpC-producing E.coli isolates were detected by preliminary screening and phenotypic identification, and polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis methods were used to detect ESBLs and AmpCβ-lactamases genes.The results showed that the frequencies of TEM,CTX-M,DHA-1 and CMY-2 genes were 2.15%,5.21%,0.61%and 0.61%,respectively,in E.coli of animal origin in the Chongqing area,and 5 E.coli isolates were found to carry two kinds of genotype.The DHA-1 gene was detected for the first time in a veterinary clinic in China;its GenBank accession number is FJ386455.This study indicated that TEM and CTX-M genes were the predominant genotypes in Chongqing,and the majority of ESBLs and AmpC-producing E.coli isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics,so they deserve particular attention in veterinary clinics.展开更多
Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonl...Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.展开更多
文摘A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075027,1232509,11961141004,and 12175152)the National Science Foundation(Nos.Phys-2011890 and Phy-1430152)。
文摘Calcium production and the stellar evolution of first-generation stars remain fascinating mysteries in astrophysics.As one possible nucleosynthesis scenario,break-out from the hot carbon–nitrogen–oxygen(HCNO)cycle was thought to be the source of the calcium observed in these oldest stars.However,according to the stellar modeling,a nearly tenfold increase in the thermonuclear rate ratio of the break-out ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction with respect to the competing ^(19)F(p,α)^(16) O back-processing reaction is required to reproduce the observed calcium abundance.We performed a direct measurement of this break-out reaction at the China Jinping underground laboratory.The measurement was performed down to the low-energy limit of E_(c.m.)=186 keV in the center-of-mass frame.The key resonance was observed at 225.2 keV for the first time.At a temperature of approximately 0.1 GK,this new resonance enhanced the thermonuclear ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne rate by up to a factor of≈7.4,compared with the previously recommended NACRE rate.This is of particular interest to the study of the evolution of the first stars and implies a stronger breakdown in their“warm”CNO cycle through the ^(19)F(p,γ)^(20) Ne reaction than previously envisioned.This break-out resulted in the production of the calcium observed in the oldest stars,enhancing our understanding of the evolution of the first stars.
基金This was work supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents inUniversity under Grand No. NCET-04-0702.
文摘The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development [2014ZX09J14102-02A(2014.1-2016.12)]
文摘Objective To analyze characteristics of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in Chinese patients.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 98 patients with HAPE.We reviewed the medical records and summarized the clinical,laboratory and imaging characteristics of these cases,and compared the results on admission with those determined before discharge.Results Forty-eight(49.0%)patients developed HAPE at the altitude of 2800 m to 3000 m.Ninty-five(96.9%)patients were man.Moist rales were audible from the both lungs,and moist rales over the right lung were clearer than those over the left lung in fourteen patients.The white blood cells[(12.83±5.55)versus(8.95±3.23)×109/L,P=0.001)]as well as neutrophil counts[(11.34±3.81)versus(7.49±2.83)×109/L,P=0.001)]were higher,whereas the counts of other subsets of white blood cells were lower on admission than those after recovery(all P<0.05).Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase(115.8±37.6 versus 85.7±32.4 mmol/L,P=0.020),cholinesterase(7226.2±1631.8 versus 6285.3±1693.3 mmol/L,P=0.040),creatinine(85.2±17.1 versus 75.1±12.8 mmol/L,P=0.021),uric acid(401.9±114.2 versus 326.0±154.3 mmol/L,P=0.041),and uric glucose(7.20±1.10 versus 5.51±1.11 mmol/L,P=0.001)were higher,but carbondioxide combining power(CO2CP,26.7±4.4 versus 28.9±4.5 mmol/L,P=0.042)and serous calcium(2.32±0.13 versus 2.41±0.10 mmol/L,P=0.006)were lower on admission.Arterial blood gas results showed hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis on admission.Conclusions In the present research,men were more susceptible to HAPE than women,and in the process of HAPE,the lesions of the right lung were more serious than those of the left lung.Some indicators of routine blood test and blood biochemistry of HAPE patients changed.
基金Financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41074102)the China International Science and Technology Cooperation (Grant No.2009DFA61030)
文摘This paper tries to build a multi-functional downhole nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） fluid analysis laboratory that can evaluate fluid information in real time at reservoir conditions at a depth of several thousand meters. The aim is to monitor the pollution of the formation fluids and quantitatively evaluate NMR characteristics of the fluids. It focuses on the design of the structure and parameters of a sensor with zero stray fields. Two separate coils are designed to measure NMR characteristics of flowing or static fluids. A method is proposed to use the Bloch equation, to guide the optimization of the NMR sensor. Finally, the measured results confirm that the design is reasonable. There is a homogeneous static field （perpendicular to the axial direction） in the center of the sensor, and there are no stray external fields. The novel design of pre-polarization magnet improves the signal to noise ratio, while shortening the sensor length.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1865205).
文摘Intrinsic radiation of materials is one of the major backgrounds for many rare-event search experiments.Thus,the production of pure materials in an underground laboratory is a promising approach for eliminating cosmogenic radionuclides.In this paper,we demonstrate a procedure to evaluate the yields of cosmogenic radionuclides in copper and germanium in the second phase of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.Our results show that for copper and germanium materials,the largest cosmogenic background comes from 3 H and57,58,60Co,and 3 H and 68Ge,respectively,which all have yields on the order of 10-7 kg-1 day-1.The corresponding radioactivities after 90 days pf exposure underground are estimated to be lower than 10-6μBq kg-1.
文摘Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more popular in the life of the people from different countries,yet people do so with a little or no awareness of cultural differences.Though people may feel comfortable with standard literary speech,they will probably find themselves in hot water when confronted with idiomatic ex pressions.Idiomatic expressions are a mirror of a distinct cultural connotation is of vital importance.The thesis confines the idiomatic expression only to the animals,for most of the animals are relatively familiar to human be ings and the idiomatic expressions are rich in both Chinese and English.These idiomatic expressions reflect cultural differences more than cultural similarities for each of them has its own origins and shows its own national coloring.The cultural differences can be mainly divided into three categories:cultural conflict,cultural adaptation,and cultural vacancy.Only by acquainting with and awareness of these cultural differences,can people use such idiomatic expressions appropriately and understand them correctly.As a matter of fact,culture and language are interdependent.The awareness of cultural backgrounds is essential for cross-cul tural communication.I hope that every learner will realize the great importance of cultural awareness,and every learner's good intention will receive pleasing responses.
文摘The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g.economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to play in this respect, provided that Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS) is progressively implemented. CCS is the only way to reduce emissions from energy intensive industries.Thus, the need for upgraded and new CCS research facilities is widely recognised among stakeholders across Europe, as emphasised by the Zero Emissions Platform(ZEP) [1] and the European Energy Research Alliance on CCS(EERA-CCS) [2].The European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, ECCSEL, provides funders, operators and researchers with significant benefits by offering access to world-class research facilities that, in many cases, are unlikely for a single nation to support in isolation.This implies creation of synergy and the avoidance of duplication as well as streamlining of funding for research facilities.ECCSEL offers open access to its advanced laboratories for talented scientists and visiting researchers to conduct cutting-edge research.In the planning of ECCSEL, gap analyses were performed and CCS technologies have been reviewed to underpin and envisage the future experimental setup; 1) Making use of readily available facilities, 2) Modifying existing facilities, and 3) Planning and building entirely new advanced facilities.The investments required for the first ten years(2015-2025) are expected to be in the range of €80-120 miilion. These investments show the current level of ambition, as proposed during the preparatory phase(2011-2014).Entering the implementation phase in 2015, 9 European countries signed Letter of Intent(LoI) to join a ECCSEL legal entity: France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland(active observer). As the EU ERIC-regulation [3] would offer the most suitable legal framework for ECCSEL, the host country, Norway, will apply for establishing ERIC as the ECCSEL Research Infrastructure(RI)legal entity in 2017. Until the ECCSEL ERIC is approved by the European Commission(probably by summer 2017), an interim MoU agreement for the implementation phase of ECCSEL RI has been signed by 13 research institutions and universities representing the 9 countries. A consortium of these partners were granted 3 million EURO from Horizon 2020 to boost implementation of ECCSEL from September 2015 and two years onwards.?2016, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
文摘Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were selected and the diversity of soil animals in different habitats in Mt. Taishan were investigated and studied in 1997–1999. Totally 52 groups of soil animals were found, belonging separately to 7 Phyla, 11 Classes, 25 Orders and 28 suborders or families. There exists remarkable difference in groups, quantity and diversity of soil animals among the five habitats. Grassland habitat was the highest andPinus densiflora forest was the lowest in groups, quantities, Density-group index (DG) and Diversity index of comparing many communities (DIC) of soil animals. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) for soil animals of different habitats was in order ofPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pielou’s equality index (J′) wasPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Grassland>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and Simposn’s dominant index (C) was Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Platycladus orientalis forest. The H index and J index of macro-soil animal all were larger than that of mid-small soil animal. Clustering analysis for five soil animal communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were made and completely identical results were obtained. Soil animal communities of five habitats were divided into 3 groups.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471377 & 30600473)the National Programs for Science and Technology Development of China (No. 2005BA517A03).
文摘The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m^(-2). There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), 3.68 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1) and 4.16 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.
文摘Steel mesh is used as a passive skin confinement medium to supplement the active support provided by rock bolts for roof and rib control in underground coal mines. Thin spray-on liners(TSL) are believed to have the potential to take the place of steel mesh as the skin confinement medium in underground mines.To confirm this belief, large scale laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the behaviour of welded steel mesh and a TSL, when used in conjunction with rock bolts, in reinforcing strata with weak bedding planes and strata prone to guttering, two common rock conditions which exist in coal mines. It was found that while the peak load taken by the simulated rock mass with weak bedding planes acting as the control sample(no skin confinement) was 2494 kN, the corresponding value of the sample with 5 mm thick TSL reinforcement reached 2856 kN. The peak load of the steel mesh reinforced sample was only2321 kN, but this was attributed to the fact that one of the rock bolts broke during the test. The TSL reinforced sample had a similar post-yield behaviour as the steel mesh reinforced one. The results of the large scale guttering test indicated that a TSL is better than steel mesh in restricting rock movement and thus inhibiting the formation of gutters in the roof.
文摘Chinese scientists have been actively engaged in biotechnology research since the mid-2Oth century.However,biotechnology education,especially biomedical laboratory technology education,is relatively scarce in China.More and more cutting-edge equipment and techniques have been introduced into biomedical laboratories in China,but there is a lack of high-quality techni&ans to apply these advancements to scientific research.In addition,the traditional education and apprenticeship systems have been demonstrated little progress.To address this gap,West China Hospital of Sichuan University established a 2-year educational program for laboratory technology in 2006 based on the residency training program.The project integrates scientific methods into the research laboratory technician training in relevant disciplines,and has developed a systematic,scientific,and effective standardized training system to cultivate high-level and stable experimental technician team for the need of advanced laboratories,which has been demonstrated gready improve the efficiency of biomedical researchers and laboratory facilities.In this article,we introduce the practical experience in establishment and development of a standardized training system for biomedical laboratory technicians to ensure the sustainable development of medical researches.
文摘Phenomenon: Nowadays, with rapidly developing in medical laboratory science(MLS), new concepts, knowledge and technologies are constantly emerging, which requires medical students to continuously learn to grasp the new development trend and the latest research progress. To enable the students to learn and make use of scientific knowledge better, the Special English Curriculum for MLS has been set up, which is very important to non-English-speaking students. However, there are many problems in the course of teaching, so the improved teaching quality of the curriculum is in demand. Approach: In this paper these problems are described and the corresponding advices are proposed from the perspectives of staff room, teachers and students, which are supposed to develop the curriculum for education of the medical laboratory scientists. Findings: To improve the teaching quality of the Special English Curriculum for MLS, the textbook should be appropriately selected or compiled, the novel teaching methods can be applied, and the modern multimedia teaching materials can be adopted.The teachers of the curriculum should be proficient in professional knowledge, English as well as the systematic and scientific teaching methods. The students need to have the courage and determination to overcome the difficulties when they learn the curriculum, and the students who have not did well in their lessons should learn to study by themselves. Insights: The Special English Curriculum for MLS is very important to non-English-speaking students and is kind of difficult for them, the staff room, teachers and students should adjust themselves to teach and learn the curriculum better.
文摘The paper aims to analyze the problems animal-protection faces and try to give advices about how to solve these problems. The first part will analyze that in the history of philosophical development, many philosophers make any excuse to place human above animals. The second part will make comments about how Costello makes the comparison about the poems of Rilke and Hughes about animals. The final part mainly talks about that the dilemma of the animal-rights movement and how to improve the situation.
文摘In the development of human civilization,human beings have had frequent contact with different animals.Because of the differ ent cultural background of Chinese and English nationalities and the individuality of national culture,the animals also reflect the different totems or symbols.So in order to learn English well,learn the animals in different culture deeply and communicate properly in inter-cul tural communications,it is necessary to comparative analysis the different culture in Chinese and Western.This paper studied the reflection and connotation of animas in Chinese and western culture.Through giving examples and analysis the two aspects,this paper found that the reasons causing animals connotation differences in different cultures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 30870655 and 30570474.
文摘The study of robot animals based on brain-computer interface （BCI） technology is an important field in robots and neuroscience at present. In this paper, the development status at home and abroad of the motion control of robot based on BCI and principle of robot animals are introduced, then a new animals＇ behavior control method by photostimulation is presented. At last, the application prospect is provided.
文摘Measurement of nitrogen in small live animals （Weighing about 3 kg） can be used to determine the whole- body protein in the animals. Nitrogen may be measured by IVNAA in which the capture gamma rays of neutron induced are detected and counted. The neutron flux is provided by a collimated 740 GBq （20Ci） Pu- Be source. The 10.83 MeV thermal neutron capture gamma rays from <sup>14</sup>N are detected by a 12.7 cm by 10.2 NaI （T1） detector. The nitrogen of a live rabbit was measured and recorded each day for a period of two months. The statistical error and reproducibility of measurement were around 10%. For a 1000 s irradiation the dose equivalent was 300μ Sv.
基金supported by Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTC,2007BB0002)
文摘Aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC enzymes among Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in Chongqing City. 326 E.coli isolates were obtained from piglets,cattle and chickens.In these isolates,19 ESBLs and 6 AmpC-producing E.coli isolates were detected by preliminary screening and phenotypic identification, and polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis methods were used to detect ESBLs and AmpCβ-lactamases genes.The results showed that the frequencies of TEM,CTX-M,DHA-1 and CMY-2 genes were 2.15%,5.21%,0.61%and 0.61%,respectively,in E.coli of animal origin in the Chongqing area,and 5 E.coli isolates were found to carry two kinds of genotype.The DHA-1 gene was detected for the first time in a veterinary clinic in China;its GenBank accession number is FJ386455.This study indicated that TEM and CTX-M genes were the predominant genotypes in Chongqing,and the majority of ESBLs and AmpC-producing E.coli isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics,so they deserve particular attention in veterinary clinics.
文摘Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.
