In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of...In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of as-cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, as-solution and natural aged, were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is revealed that Sc and Zr are completely dissolved into the supersaturated solid solution in as-cast ingot, but grain refinement is not observed. Coffee-bean-like AI3（Sc, Zr） particles deposit during homogenization of ingot induce an increase in hardness. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are slightly coarsened in as-solution samples, but they still maintain coherent to matrix, which indicates a high thermal stability of these particles. Good coherency ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles makes some benefits for inhibiting recrystallization and reserving work-hardening.展开更多
Curcumin(Cur)is an important bioactive component of polyphenols in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.,Tulipa gesneriana L.and other Curcuma plants.It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,anti-a...Curcumin(Cur)is an important bioactive component of polyphenols in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.,Tulipa gesneriana L.and other Curcuma plants.It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,anti-inflammatory,and neuroprotection.Parkinson disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in the elderly.Its main pathological characteristics are the characteristic loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons,the decrease of dopamine content in the striatum,and the formation of Lewy bodies.At present,the main methods of clinical treatment of PD include drug therapy and surgical operation,but due to its complicated pathogenesis,they can only play a role in relieving,but cannot be completely cured.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Cur has certain effects in the treatment of PD.①Anti-oxidative stress:oxidative stress is closely related to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.Studies have found that Cur can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),reduce malondialdehyde(MDA)content,thereby reducing oxidative stress damage and protecting dopaminergic neuron.②Reduce inflammation in brain tissue:neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of PD.Reducing the level of inflammatory factors can have a certain therapeutic effect on PD.Studies have shown that high-dose Cur can reduce the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL^(-1)β,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in brain tissue,reduce inflammation,inhibit further neuronal damage,improve learning and memory,and exert neuroprotective effects.③Activation of autophagy:the abnormal accumulation ofα-Synuclein(α-Syn)in Lewy bodies is closely related to PD,and autophagy dysfunction leads toα-Syn clearance obstacles and an important factor of abnormal aggregation.Cur can increase the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3-Ⅱ)and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A(LAMP2A),and reduce the protein and mRNA expression ofα-Syn.It can be seen that Cur promotes the elimination ofα-Syn and protects neurons from damage by activating autophagy.④Inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction:mitochondria plays a central regulatory role in the process of cell apoptosis,and mitochondrial dysfunction is related to reactive oxygen species,energy and mitochondrial membrane potential,which may cause substantia nigra striatal neuropathy.Experiments have shown that Cur can reduce the active oxygen content in PC12 cells induced by MPP+,maintain the normal membrane potential of mitochondria,thereby stabilizing mitochondrial function and inhibiting PC12 cell apoptosis.This study summarized the action mechanism of Cur in the treatment of PD,and clarified the basis of its pharmacodynamics, providing a reference for the clinical research and new drug develop ment research of Cur in the treatment of PD.展开更多
High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitr...High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified.Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O_(2)and CO_(2)in prompting nitrogen dissolution.The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O_(2)is slightly higher than CO_(2).And then AreN_(2)-O_(2)shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel.After using N_(2)-containing shielding gas,the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt%.As N_(2)continued to increase,the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious,but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom.When the proportion of N_(2)reached 20%,a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7%.Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test,it is concluded that the main effect of N_(2)is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the nitrogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.S...OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.Subsequently,new indications for BZBS were predicted by disease ontology(DO)enrich⁃ment analysis and initially validated by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Further⁃more,the therapeutic target of BZBS acting on AD signaling pathway were identified by intersec⁃tion analysis.Two Alzheimer′s disease(AD)cell models,BV-2 and SH-SY5Y,were used to pre⁃liminarily verify the anti-AD efficacy and mecha⁃nism of BZBS in vitro.RESULTS In total,1499 non-repeated ingredients were obtained from 16 herbs in BZBS formula,and 1320 BZBS targets with high confidence were predicted.Disease enrichment results strongly suggested that BZBS formula has the potential to be used in the treat⁃ment of AD.In vitro experiments showed that BZ⁃BS could significantly reduce the release of TNF-αand IL-6 and the expression of COX-2 and PSEN1 in Aβ25-35-induced BV-2 cells.BZBS reduced the apoptosis rate of Aβ25-35 induced SH-SY5Y cells,significantly increased mitochon⁃drial membrane potential,reduced the expres⁃sion of Caspase3 active fragment and PSEN1,and increased the expression of IDE.CONCLU⁃SIONS BZBS formula has a potential use in the treatment of AD,which is achieved through regu⁃lation of ERK1/2,NF-κB signaling pathways,and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Further⁃more,the network pharmacology technology is a feasible drug repurposing strategy to reposition new clinical use of approved TCM and explore the mechanism of action.The study lays a foun⁃dation for the subsequent in-depth study of BZBS in the treatment of AD and provides a basis for its application in the clinical treatment of AD.展开更多
Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in the umbelliferae family.Chuanxiong Rhizoma pungent,warm,go to liver,gallbladder and pericardium.Effective in promoting blood circulation,promoting Qi,d...Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in the umbelliferae family.Chuanxiong Rhizoma pungent,warm,go to liver,gallbladder and pericardium.Effective in promoting blood circulation,promoting Qi,dispelling wind and relieving pain,it could treat chest pain,tingling pain in chest and flank,lump,irregular menstruation,amenorrhea,symptomatic abdominal pain,headache and rheumatic pain.Neurovascular headache is a primary disease caused by dysregulation of intracranial vascular movement and nerve function.It has the characteristics of long course,intermittent recurrent attacks,lingering and difficult to heal.Attacks are often accompanied by many plant nervous system symptoms,such as rapid breathing,accelerated heart rate,vomiting,and gastrointestinal dysfunction.Vascular nerve headache is a common clinical disease,frequently bidity.Studies have shown that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has good pharmacological effects in the treatment of vascular neuropathic headache.①The action of Qi and blood circulation:vascular and neurovascular headache is caused by the evil of external wind and cold and damp heat,which leads to the disconnection of the veins,the disorder of Qi and blood,the obstruction of Qi and blood channels,the loss of brain collateral,and finally causes migraine.Modern Chinese medicine points out that"wind,blood stasis,deficiency,phlegm"are the key factors of the disease.Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the medicine of Qi in the blood.It is pungent and warm.It is good at activating blood and promoting Qi,dispelling wind,relieving pain and dispelling cold,so as to achieve the effect of treating vascular headaches.②Improve brain circulation:angioneurotic headache is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system related to the regulation of vascular movement,which causes vasospasm or extreme vasodilation,and the decrease of intracranial blood flow causes cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.Sodium ferulate is a chemical component in Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It has a relatively good inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and the release of 5-HT from platelets.It can ensure the normal contraction of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels,improve the patient′s brain circulation and nerve function,so as to achieve the effect of treating angioneurotic headaches.③Sedative and analgesic effect:the volatile oil and water decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma have sedative and analgesic effects,and the water decoction can counteract the excitatory effect of caffeine.Studies have shown that the ATP activation current of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons can be inhibited by ligustrazine in a non-competitive way,which also indicates that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has a good analgesic effect.In this study,the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on angoneeurotic headache were reviewed,and the pharmacological effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were further elucidated,providing basis for clinical application and new drug development of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of angoneeurotic headache.展开更多
基金Project(2005DFA50550) supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of ChinaProject(2005CB623705) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of as-cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, as-solution and natural aged, were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is revealed that Sc and Zr are completely dissolved into the supersaturated solid solution in as-cast ingot, but grain refinement is not observed. Coffee-bean-like AI3（Sc, Zr） particles deposit during homogenization of ingot induce an increase in hardness. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are slightly coarsened in as-solution samples, but they still maintain coherent to matrix, which indicates a high thermal stability of these particles. Good coherency ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles makes some benefits for inhibiting recrystallization and reserving work-hardening.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(20370509D)and Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(ZD2020117)。
文摘Curcumin(Cur)is an important bioactive component of polyphenols in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L.,Tulipa gesneriana L.and other Curcuma plants.It has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,anti-inflammatory,and neuroprotection.Parkinson disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in the elderly.Its main pathological characteristics are the characteristic loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons,the decrease of dopamine content in the striatum,and the formation of Lewy bodies.At present,the main methods of clinical treatment of PD include drug therapy and surgical operation,but due to its complicated pathogenesis,they can only play a role in relieving,but cannot be completely cured.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Cur has certain effects in the treatment of PD.①Anti-oxidative stress:oxidative stress is closely related to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.Studies have found that Cur can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),reduce malondialdehyde(MDA)content,thereby reducing oxidative stress damage and protecting dopaminergic neuron.②Reduce inflammation in brain tissue:neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of PD.Reducing the level of inflammatory factors can have a certain therapeutic effect on PD.Studies have shown that high-dose Cur can reduce the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL^(-1)β,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in brain tissue,reduce inflammation,inhibit further neuronal damage,improve learning and memory,and exert neuroprotective effects.③Activation of autophagy:the abnormal accumulation ofα-Synuclein(α-Syn)in Lewy bodies is closely related to PD,and autophagy dysfunction leads toα-Syn clearance obstacles and an important factor of abnormal aggregation.Cur can increase the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3-Ⅱ)and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A(LAMP2A),and reduce the protein and mRNA expression ofα-Syn.It can be seen that Cur promotes the elimination ofα-Syn and protects neurons from damage by activating autophagy.④Inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction:mitochondria plays a central regulatory role in the process of cell apoptosis,and mitochondrial dysfunction is related to reactive oxygen species,energy and mitochondrial membrane potential,which may cause substantia nigra striatal neuropathy.Experiments have shown that Cur can reduce the active oxygen content in PC12 cells induced by MPP+,maintain the normal membrane potential of mitochondria,thereby stabilizing mitochondrial function and inhibiting PC12 cell apoptosis.This study summarized the action mechanism of Cur in the treatment of PD,and clarified the basis of its pharmacodynamics, providing a reference for the clinical research and new drug develop ment research of Cur in the treatment of PD.
文摘High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified.Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O_(2)and CO_(2)in prompting nitrogen dissolution.The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O_(2)is slightly higher than CO_(2).And then AreN_(2)-O_(2)shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel.After using N_(2)-containing shielding gas,the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt%.As N_(2)continued to increase,the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious,but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom.When the proportion of N_(2)reached 20%,a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7%.Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test,it is concluded that the main effect of N_(2)is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the nitrogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.
基金Chinese Academy of Engi⁃neering Strategic Consulting Project(2022-XY-45)S&T Program of Hebei(22372502D)+1 种基金Scien⁃tific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Admin⁃istration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(023172)and Scientific Research Project of Hebei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2021273)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the new indications and key mechanism of Bazi Bushen capsule(BZBS)by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.METHODS The potential tar⁃get profiles of the components of BZBS were pre⁃dicted.Subsequently,new indications for BZBS were predicted by disease ontology(DO)enrich⁃ment analysis and initially validated by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Further⁃more,the therapeutic target of BZBS acting on AD signaling pathway were identified by intersec⁃tion analysis.Two Alzheimer′s disease(AD)cell models,BV-2 and SH-SY5Y,were used to pre⁃liminarily verify the anti-AD efficacy and mecha⁃nism of BZBS in vitro.RESULTS In total,1499 non-repeated ingredients were obtained from 16 herbs in BZBS formula,and 1320 BZBS targets with high confidence were predicted.Disease enrichment results strongly suggested that BZBS formula has the potential to be used in the treat⁃ment of AD.In vitro experiments showed that BZ⁃BS could significantly reduce the release of TNF-αand IL-6 and the expression of COX-2 and PSEN1 in Aβ25-35-induced BV-2 cells.BZBS reduced the apoptosis rate of Aβ25-35 induced SH-SY5Y cells,significantly increased mitochon⁃drial membrane potential,reduced the expres⁃sion of Caspase3 active fragment and PSEN1,and increased the expression of IDE.CONCLU⁃SIONS BZBS formula has a potential use in the treatment of AD,which is achieved through regu⁃lation of ERK1/2,NF-κB signaling pathways,and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Further⁃more,the network pharmacology technology is a feasible drug repurposing strategy to reposition new clinical use of approved TCM and explore the mechanism of action.The study lays a foun⁃dation for the subsequent in-depth study of BZBS in the treatment of AD and provides a basis for its application in the clinical treatment of AD.
文摘Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in the umbelliferae family.Chuanxiong Rhizoma pungent,warm,go to liver,gallbladder and pericardium.Effective in promoting blood circulation,promoting Qi,dispelling wind and relieving pain,it could treat chest pain,tingling pain in chest and flank,lump,irregular menstruation,amenorrhea,symptomatic abdominal pain,headache and rheumatic pain.Neurovascular headache is a primary disease caused by dysregulation of intracranial vascular movement and nerve function.It has the characteristics of long course,intermittent recurrent attacks,lingering and difficult to heal.Attacks are often accompanied by many plant nervous system symptoms,such as rapid breathing,accelerated heart rate,vomiting,and gastrointestinal dysfunction.Vascular nerve headache is a common clinical disease,frequently bidity.Studies have shown that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has good pharmacological effects in the treatment of vascular neuropathic headache.①The action of Qi and blood circulation:vascular and neurovascular headache is caused by the evil of external wind and cold and damp heat,which leads to the disconnection of the veins,the disorder of Qi and blood,the obstruction of Qi and blood channels,the loss of brain collateral,and finally causes migraine.Modern Chinese medicine points out that"wind,blood stasis,deficiency,phlegm"are the key factors of the disease.Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the medicine of Qi in the blood.It is pungent and warm.It is good at activating blood and promoting Qi,dispelling wind,relieving pain and dispelling cold,so as to achieve the effect of treating vascular headaches.②Improve brain circulation:angioneurotic headache is caused by dysfunction of the central nervous system related to the regulation of vascular movement,which causes vasospasm or extreme vasodilation,and the decrease of intracranial blood flow causes cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.Sodium ferulate is a chemical component in Chuanxiong Rhizoma.It has a relatively good inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and the release of 5-HT from platelets.It can ensure the normal contraction of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels,improve the patient′s brain circulation and nerve function,so as to achieve the effect of treating angioneurotic headaches.③Sedative and analgesic effect:the volatile oil and water decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma have sedative and analgesic effects,and the water decoction can counteract the excitatory effect of caffeine.Studies have shown that the ATP activation current of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons can be inhibited by ligustrazine in a non-competitive way,which also indicates that Chuanxiong Rhizoma has a good analgesic effect.In this study,the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on angoneeurotic headache were reviewed,and the pharmacological effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were further elucidated,providing basis for clinical application and new drug development of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in the treatment of angoneeurotic headache.
