OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(PHPB) on hippocampal neurons,synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice.METHODS Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-...OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(PHPB) on hippocampal neurons,synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice.METHODS Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type mice were randomly divided into three groups:wild-type group(WT Con group,n=10),APP/PS1 group(Tg Con group,n=10) and PHPB treated APP/PS1 group(PHPB group,n=10).PHPB group received 30 mg · kg-1 PHPB by oral gavage once daily for 3 months.WT Con group and Tg Con group received the same volume of water.Three months later,mice were sacrificed for biochemical and pathological testing such as transmission electron microscopy,Golgi staining and Western boltting analysis.RESULTS Under the transmission electron microscope,most hippocampal neurons and subcel ular organel es in WT Con group exhibited normal morphology.However,the degenerative changes were observed in Tg Con group such as nuclear fragmentation,mitochondrial swelling,ribosomes detachment and autophagic vacuoles accumulation.The hippocampal synapses number and the thickness of postsynaptic density(PSD) were significantly decreased in Tg Con group compared with the WT Con group(P<0.05).After PHPB treatment,the degenerative changes in APP/PS1 mice were alleviated to some extent.The synapse number has been elevated significantly(P<0.05) and the PSD has been thickened as well.Golgi staining showed that the spine density of secondary and tertiary apical dendritic branches was significantly decreased in CA1 and DG areas of Tg Con group(P<0.05).Sholl analysis revealed a decrease of dendritic complexity in Tg Con group compared with WT Con group(P<0.05).These abnormalities were alleviated to some extent after PHPB treatment.Western blotting study showed that the protein levels of synaptic marker PSD-95 and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of Tg Con group(P<0.05).A significant increase of PSD-95(P<0.05) and a slight increase of SYP were observed after the PHPB treatment.Besides,we found a significant increase in the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ in Tg Con group compared with the WT Con group(P<0.01) and the relevant improvement after PHPB treatment(P<0.05),which showed the regulatory effect of PHPB on autophagy impairment.CONCLUSION PHPB showed protective effects on hippocampal neurons,synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice,which might help explain its role on cognitive improvement in Alzheimer disease treatment.展开更多
目的探讨高热量饮食和年龄对载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠脑功能的影响。方法选取8月龄成年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠和18月龄老年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠共20只,随机分为正常饮食成年组、正常饮食老年组、高热量饮食成年组、高热量饮食老年组,每组...目的探讨高热量饮食和年龄对载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠脑功能的影响。方法选取8月龄成年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠和18月龄老年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠共20只,随机分为正常饮食成年组、正常饮食老年组、高热量饮食成年组、高热量饮食老年组,每组5只。正常饮食成年组、正常饮食老年组小鼠喂食实验室标准饲料,高热量饮食成年组、高热量饮食老年组小鼠喂食高脂饲料,干预8周。用体质量监测和葡萄糖耐量实验测试小鼠体质量、血糖变化,核磁共振波谱检测海马和下丘脑N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)含量,Y迷宫和旷场实验检测认知功能,Western blot检测脑组织突触体相关蛋白25(SNAP-25)、突触素(synaptophysin)、突触后致密蛋白95(PSD-95)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)表达。结果与正常饮食成年组比较,高热量饮食成年组海马NAA、下丘脑Cho和NAA、自发交替率、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与正常饮食成年组比较,正常饮食老年组海马NAA、下丘脑Cho、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(P<0.01);与正常饮食老年组比较,高热量饮食老年组海马和下丘脑Cho和NAA、中心路程/总路程、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(P<0.01);与高热量饮食成年组比较,高热量饮食老年组海马NAA、中心路程/总路程、平均速度、synaptophysin表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(1.61±0.10 vs 1.35±0.13,2.04±0.08 vs 1.54±0.11,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论高热量饮食导致ApoE^(-/-)小鼠代谢障碍和神经炎症,抑制突触蛋白表达引起认知功能障碍;长期高热量饮食和年龄增加促进ApoE^(-/-)小鼠脑功能衰退。展开更多
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(8147320081673420)CAMS InnovationFund for Medical Sciences (2017-I2M-2-004).
文摘OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of potassium 2-(l-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(PHPB) on hippocampal neurons,synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice.METHODS Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and age-matched wild-type mice were randomly divided into three groups:wild-type group(WT Con group,n=10),APP/PS1 group(Tg Con group,n=10) and PHPB treated APP/PS1 group(PHPB group,n=10).PHPB group received 30 mg · kg-1 PHPB by oral gavage once daily for 3 months.WT Con group and Tg Con group received the same volume of water.Three months later,mice were sacrificed for biochemical and pathological testing such as transmission electron microscopy,Golgi staining and Western boltting analysis.RESULTS Under the transmission electron microscope,most hippocampal neurons and subcel ular organel es in WT Con group exhibited normal morphology.However,the degenerative changes were observed in Tg Con group such as nuclear fragmentation,mitochondrial swelling,ribosomes detachment and autophagic vacuoles accumulation.The hippocampal synapses number and the thickness of postsynaptic density(PSD) were significantly decreased in Tg Con group compared with the WT Con group(P<0.05).After PHPB treatment,the degenerative changes in APP/PS1 mice were alleviated to some extent.The synapse number has been elevated significantly(P<0.05) and the PSD has been thickened as well.Golgi staining showed that the spine density of secondary and tertiary apical dendritic branches was significantly decreased in CA1 and DG areas of Tg Con group(P<0.05).Sholl analysis revealed a decrease of dendritic complexity in Tg Con group compared with WT Con group(P<0.05).These abnormalities were alleviated to some extent after PHPB treatment.Western blotting study showed that the protein levels of synaptic marker PSD-95 and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of Tg Con group(P<0.05).A significant increase of PSD-95(P<0.05) and a slight increase of SYP were observed after the PHPB treatment.Besides,we found a significant increase in the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ in Tg Con group compared with the WT Con group(P<0.01) and the relevant improvement after PHPB treatment(P<0.05),which showed the regulatory effect of PHPB on autophagy impairment.CONCLUSION PHPB showed protective effects on hippocampal neurons,synapses and dystrophic axons in APP/PS1 mice,which might help explain its role on cognitive improvement in Alzheimer disease treatment.
文摘目的探讨高热量饮食和年龄对载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE^(-/-))小鼠脑功能的影响。方法选取8月龄成年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠和18月龄老年ApoE^(-/-)小鼠共20只,随机分为正常饮食成年组、正常饮食老年组、高热量饮食成年组、高热量饮食老年组,每组5只。正常饮食成年组、正常饮食老年组小鼠喂食实验室标准饲料,高热量饮食成年组、高热量饮食老年组小鼠喂食高脂饲料,干预8周。用体质量监测和葡萄糖耐量实验测试小鼠体质量、血糖变化,核磁共振波谱检测海马和下丘脑N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)含量,Y迷宫和旷场实验检测认知功能,Western blot检测脑组织突触体相关蛋白25(SNAP-25)、突触素(synaptophysin)、突触后致密蛋白95(PSD-95)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)表达。结果与正常饮食成年组比较,高热量饮食成年组海马NAA、下丘脑Cho和NAA、自发交替率、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与正常饮食成年组比较,正常饮食老年组海马NAA、下丘脑Cho、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(P<0.01);与正常饮食老年组比较,高热量饮食老年组海马和下丘脑Cho和NAA、中心路程/总路程、SNAP-25、synaptophysin、PSD-95表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(P<0.01);与高热量饮食成年组比较,高热量饮食老年组海马NAA、中心路程/总路程、平均速度、synaptophysin表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),iNOS、IL-1β表达升高(1.61±0.10 vs 1.35±0.13,2.04±0.08 vs 1.54±0.11,P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论高热量饮食导致ApoE^(-/-)小鼠代谢障碍和神经炎症,抑制突触蛋白表达引起认知功能障碍;长期高热量饮食和年龄增加促进ApoE^(-/-)小鼠脑功能衰退。
