Aim Forsythia suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） with heat-clearing and detoxicating properties. In this study, we aimed to stud...Aim Forsythia suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） with heat-clearing and detoxicating properties. In this study, we aimed to study the antitumor activity of Lianqiao aqueous extract against melanoma using cancer cell line-based in vitro and mouse allografl tumor in vivo models. Furthermore, we also investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms, par- ticularly the involvement of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties in its antitumor activity. Methods The proliferation of cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. The transplanted B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice were established and used for the evaluation of in vivo antitumor effect of LQ. Tumor growth was monitored twice a week. Ki67 and CD31 were used to detect cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor, respectively. The anti-oxidative property of LQ was determined by measuring the levels of ROS, MDA and GSH. The anti-inflamma- tory effect of LQ was evaluated by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 using ELISA kits. Other protein expression was deter- mined by Western Blot. Results LQ strongly inhibited the growth of B16-F10 cells in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was significantly prolonged by LQ. LQ inhibited cancer cell prolif- eration and angiogenesis in tumor as evidenced by decreased expressions of Ki67 and CD31. Levels of ROS, MDA TNF-α and IL-6 decreased, while GSH increased in LQ treatment group, indicating a strong anti-oxidative and an- ti-inflammatory activity of LQ. The expression of antioxidant proteins Nff-2 and HO-1, tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN, and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by LQ treatment. Conclusions LQ exhibited strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 murine melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of LQ in- volved the decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in tumor, which is closely related to the heat-clearing and detoxicating properties of LQ.展开更多
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were...The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates,including normal control and three treatments fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0,0.025%,0.050%,and 0.075%quercetin,respectively.The feeding trial was conducted from 100 days of gestation to 28 days post-partum.Reproductive performance,colostrum composition,serum indexes of antioxidation,inflammation,hormones,and the diversity and relative abundance of fecal microflora were determined in perinatal sows.Compared with the control,quercetin significantly reduced the rate of constipation,serum content of malondialdehyde(MDA),prolactin(PRL),and progesterone(PROG),and significantly increased the content of serum estradiol(E2)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Meanwhile,0.025%quercetin significantly increased glutathione(GSH)content in serum(P<0.05),0.050%quercetin significantly reduced the rate of backfat loss(P<0.05),and 0.075%quercetin significantly increased immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In addition,0.050%and 0.075%quercetin significantly shortened estrus interval(P<0.05)and significantly increased the content of IgA and IgG in colostrum(P<0.05)and dopamine(DA)content in serum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Quercetin significantly decreased the content of nitric oxide(NO),IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1 in serum(P<0.05)and significantly improved microflora abundance and diversity in feces of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of quercetin reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulated intestinal microflora in perinatal sows,thus improved reproductive performance in perinatal sows.Under this experimental condition,the optimal supplementation with dietary quercetin was 0.075%in perinatal sows.展开更多
Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on r...Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.展开更多
Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Those extreme abiotic conditions or stresses in...Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Those extreme abiotic conditions or stresses include drought,high temperature,heavy metals,salinity,and ultraviolet radiation,and they cause yield and quality losses in crops.ROS are highly reactive species found in nature that can attack plant organelles,metabolites,and molecules by interrupting various metabolic pathways until cell death occurs.Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage.Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes.In this review,we summarized the processes involved in ROS production in response to several types of abiotic stress in cotton plants.Furthermore,we discussed the achievements in the understanding and improving oxidative stress tolerance in cotton in recent years.Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops.展开更多
The expression of Selenoprotein W(SelW)in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was specifically decreased to examine its influence on the amount of glutathione(GSH)and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPx).SelW knock-dow...The expression of Selenoprotein W(SelW)in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was specifically decreased to examine its influence on the amount of glutathione(GSH)and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPx).SelW knock-down was performed by RNA interference(RNAi)in cultured muscle cells and verified by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.In addition,cell viability,GSH content and GPx activity were assayed.The results showed that the mRNA level and protein expression of SelW were decreased successfully by 71.9%and 68.8%relative to control values,cell viability decreased by 21.5%,GSH increased by 29.76%,and GPx increased by 47.58%.WST assay showed that compared with blank control,the value of positive group dropped 21.5%;In GSH and GPx assay,compared with blank control the positive group increased29.76%and 47.58%separately.In conclusion,SelW knock-down by RNAi caused significant cytotoxity in skeletal muscle cells and led to compensatory increases in GSH content and GPx activity.These findings are consistent with the suggestions from bioinformatics indicating an antioxidative role for SelW in skeletal muscle cells.展开更多
Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R...Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. In the current study, we investigate the protective effect of RSNK against apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by cerebral I/R and explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by in- traluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h in adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into seven groups （n- 8）： Sham group, I/R group, RSNK-treated groups （ 0.7 g · kg ^- 1, 1 . 4 g · kg ^- 1 and 2. 8 g · kg^ - 1 ） , nimodipine （NMP） -treated group and Whitmania pigra Whitman （WW）-treated group. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume were measured after the 24 h reperfusion. Malondialdehyde （ MDA）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, catalase （ CAT）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and total nitric oxide synthase （TNOS） in serum were measured by assay kits for biochemical analysis. Histological structures of the cortex of the ipsilateral ischemic cerebral hemisphere in rats were observed by Nissl staining. The caspase-3 protein content in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the injured brain were evaluated by Western blot. RSNK administration not only markedly improved neurological deficit scores, but also reduced cere- bral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume, lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and CAT levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels, restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein and alleviated the Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions.展开更多
With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death...With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Therefore,neurons the protection is the key issuesof neurological disease prevention and treatment. Polysaccharide is one of the important active substances in life activities,and has many biological activities. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active substances in life activities. They have many biological activities,such as energy storage,structural support,defense and antigen characterization. In addition,it is characterized by small toxicity,high safety and versatility. Polysaccharides also have other biological activities,such as anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,neuroprotection and so on. As the active polysaccharide safe,non-toxic,in medicine,agriculture,food and other industries have a broad development and application value and prospects,having become a hot topic in many disciplines at home and abroad. More and more research evidence shows that polysaccharides in the neuroprotective aspects of the study more and more comprehensive and in-depth.In this paper,we reviewed the role of polysaccharides in neuroprotective mechanisms,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,promoting proliferation of neural cells,promoting neuronal differentiation,and inhibiting apoptosis of neurons.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underly...OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained.METHODS In this study,we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract(FAE)on B16-F10 melanoma.RESULTS FAE strongly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation in B16-F10 melanoma transplanted mice.The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was also significantly prolonged by FAE.The levels of ROS,MDA,TNF-αand IL-6 decreased,while GSH increased in the FAE treatment group,indicating FAE possesses strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.Western blotting analysis demonstrated that antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN,and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by FAE treatment.Serum metabolomics analysis further uncovered that 17 metabolites mostly involving in glycerophospholipid metabolism were correlated with the antitumor effect of FAE.Notably,several lysophosphatidylcholines(LysoPCs)significantly decreased in tumor model group,while FAE treatment restored the changes of these phospholipids to about normal condition.LysoPC acyltransferase 1(LPCAT1)and autotaxin(ATX)highly expressed in melanoma and markedly downregulated by FAE were believed to be responsible for this modulation.CONCLUSION FAE exhibites strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 melanoma through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism via downregulating LPCAT1 and ATX.Besides,it is suggested that serum LysoPCs could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.展开更多
文摘Aim Forsythia suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） with heat-clearing and detoxicating properties. In this study, we aimed to study the antitumor activity of Lianqiao aqueous extract against melanoma using cancer cell line-based in vitro and mouse allografl tumor in vivo models. Furthermore, we also investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms, par- ticularly the involvement of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation properties in its antitumor activity. Methods The proliferation of cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. The transplanted B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice were established and used for the evaluation of in vivo antitumor effect of LQ. Tumor growth was monitored twice a week. Ki67 and CD31 were used to detect cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor, respectively. The anti-oxidative property of LQ was determined by measuring the levels of ROS, MDA and GSH. The anti-inflamma- tory effect of LQ was evaluated by measuring TNF-α and IL-6 using ELISA kits. Other protein expression was deter- mined by Western Blot. Results LQ strongly inhibited the growth of B16-F10 cells in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was significantly prolonged by LQ. LQ inhibited cancer cell prolif- eration and angiogenesis in tumor as evidenced by decreased expressions of Ki67 and CD31. Levels of ROS, MDA TNF-α and IL-6 decreased, while GSH increased in LQ treatment group, indicating a strong anti-oxidative and an- ti-inflammatory activity of LQ. The expression of antioxidant proteins Nff-2 and HO-1, tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN, and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by LQ treatment. Conclusions LQ exhibited strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 murine melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of LQ in- volved the decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in tumor, which is closely related to the heat-clearing and detoxicating properties of LQ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072749)。
文摘The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect and mechanism of quercetin on reproductive performance in perinatal sows.According to the similar principle of parity and body weight,24 perinatal sows were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates,including normal control and three treatments fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0,0.025%,0.050%,and 0.075%quercetin,respectively.The feeding trial was conducted from 100 days of gestation to 28 days post-partum.Reproductive performance,colostrum composition,serum indexes of antioxidation,inflammation,hormones,and the diversity and relative abundance of fecal microflora were determined in perinatal sows.Compared with the control,quercetin significantly reduced the rate of constipation,serum content of malondialdehyde(MDA),prolactin(PRL),and progesterone(PROG),and significantly increased the content of serum estradiol(E2)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Meanwhile,0.025%quercetin significantly increased glutathione(GSH)content in serum(P<0.05),0.050%quercetin significantly reduced the rate of backfat loss(P<0.05),and 0.075%quercetin significantly increased immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in colostrum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In addition,0.050%and 0.075%quercetin significantly shortened estrus interval(P<0.05)and significantly increased the content of IgA and IgG in colostrum(P<0.05)and dopamine(DA)content in serum of perinatal sows(P<0.05).Quercetin significantly decreased the content of nitric oxide(NO),IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1 in serum(P<0.05)and significantly improved microflora abundance and diversity in feces of perinatal sows(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of quercetin reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulated intestinal microflora in perinatal sows,thus improved reproductive performance in perinatal sows.Under this experimental condition,the optimal supplementation with dietary quercetin was 0.075%in perinatal sows.
文摘Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
文摘Oxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Those extreme abiotic conditions or stresses include drought,high temperature,heavy metals,salinity,and ultraviolet radiation,and they cause yield and quality losses in crops.ROS are highly reactive species found in nature that can attack plant organelles,metabolites,and molecules by interrupting various metabolic pathways until cell death occurs.Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage.Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes.In this review,we summarized the processes involved in ROS production in response to several types of abiotic stress in cotton plants.Furthermore,we discussed the achievements in the understanding and improving oxidative stress tolerance in cotton in recent years.Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(LRB06-262)Funds of Northeast Forestry University
文摘The expression of Selenoprotein W(SelW)in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was specifically decreased to examine its influence on the amount of glutathione(GSH)and the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GPx).SelW knock-down was performed by RNA interference(RNAi)in cultured muscle cells and verified by Real-time PCR and Western blotting.In addition,cell viability,GSH content and GPx activity were assayed.The results showed that the mRNA level and protein expression of SelW were decreased successfully by 71.9%and 68.8%relative to control values,cell viability decreased by 21.5%,GSH increased by 29.76%,and GPx increased by 47.58%.WST assay showed that compared with blank control,the value of positive group dropped 21.5%;In GSH and GPx assay,compared with blank control the positive group increased29.76%and 47.58%separately.In conclusion,SelW knock-down by RNAi caused significant cytotoxity in skeletal muscle cells and led to compensatory increases in GSH content and GPx activity.These findings are consistent with the suggestions from bioinformatics indicating an antioxidative role for SelW in skeletal muscle cells.
文摘Aim Reduction of Sheng-Nao-Kang decoction （RSNK）, is a modified traditional Chinese medicinal formula of Sheng-Nao-Kang pill preparation, which is protective in rats against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. In the current study, we investigate the protective effect of RSNK against apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by cerebral I/R and explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by in- traluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h in adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Rats were randomized into seven groups （n- 8）： Sham group, I/R group, RSNK-treated groups （ 0.7 g · kg ^- 1, 1 . 4 g · kg ^- 1 and 2. 8 g · kg^ - 1 ） , nimodipine （NMP） -treated group and Whitmania pigra Whitman （WW）-treated group. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume were measured after the 24 h reperfusion. Malondialdehyde （ MDA）, superoxide dismutase （ SOD）, catalase （ CAT）, inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and total nitric oxide synthase （TNOS） in serum were measured by assay kits for biochemical analysis. Histological structures of the cortex of the ipsilateral ischemic cerebral hemisphere in rats were observed by Nissl staining. The caspase-3 protein content in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions in the injured brain were evaluated by Western blot. RSNK administration not only markedly improved neurological deficit scores, but also reduced cere- bral humidity content and cerebral infarction volume, lowered MDA content, up-regulated SOD and CAT levels, down-regulated iNOS and TNOS levels, restrained the expression of caspase-3 positive protein and alleviated the Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions.
文摘With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Therefore,neurons the protection is the key issuesof neurological disease prevention and treatment. Polysaccharide is one of the important active substances in life activities,and has many biological activities. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active substances in life activities. They have many biological activities,such as energy storage,structural support,defense and antigen characterization. In addition,it is characterized by small toxicity,high safety and versatility. Polysaccharides also have other biological activities,such as anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,neuroprotection and so on. As the active polysaccharide safe,non-toxic,in medicine,agriculture,food and other industries have a broad development and application value and prospects,having become a hot topic in many disciplines at home and abroad. More and more research evidence shows that polysaccharides in the neuroprotective aspects of the study more and more comprehensive and in-depth.In this paper,we reviewed the role of polysaccharides in neuroprotective mechanisms,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,promoting proliferation of neural cells,promoting neuronal differentiation,and inhibiting apoptosis of neurons.
文摘OBJECTIVE Forsythiae Fructus(Lianqiao)is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)herb,which has been traditionally used for treating cancer according to TCM theory.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained.METHODS In this study,we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract(FAE)on B16-F10 melanoma.RESULTS FAE strongly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis formation in B16-F10 melanoma transplanted mice.The survival time of tumor-bearing mice was also significantly prolonged by FAE.The levels of ROS,MDA,TNF-αand IL-6 decreased,while GSH increased in the FAE treatment group,indicating FAE possesses strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.Western blotting analysis demonstrated that antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1,tumor suppressors P53 and p-PTEN,and the MAPK pathways in tumor tissues were upregulated by FAE treatment.Serum metabolomics analysis further uncovered that 17 metabolites mostly involving in glycerophospholipid metabolism were correlated with the antitumor effect of FAE.Notably,several lysophosphatidylcholines(LysoPCs)significantly decreased in tumor model group,while FAE treatment restored the changes of these phospholipids to about normal condition.LysoPC acyltransferase 1(LPCAT1)and autotaxin(ATX)highly expressed in melanoma and markedly downregulated by FAE were believed to be responsible for this modulation.CONCLUSION FAE exhibites strong antitumor activity against B16-F10 melanoma through activating MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism via downregulating LPCAT1 and ATX.Besides,it is suggested that serum LysoPCs could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.
