The vagus nerve can control inflammatory response through a ＇ cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway＇, which is mediated by the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on macrophages. However, the intracel-...The vagus nerve can control inflammatory response through a ＇ cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway＇, which is mediated by the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on macrophages. However, the intracel- lular mechanisms that link α7nAChR activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production remain not well under- stood. In this study, we found that miR-124 is upregulated by cholinergic agonists in LPS-exposed cells and mice. Utilizing miR-124 mimic and siRNA knockdown, we demonstrated that miR-124 is a critical mediator for the cho- linergic anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, our data indicated that miR-124 modulates LPS-induced cytokine production by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） to decrease IL-6 production and TNF-α converting enzyme （TACE） to reduce TNF-ot release. These results also indicate that miR-124 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anit-inflammatory effect of extracts of Dendropanax dentiger(Harms)Merr and Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides(Spring)Holub on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)using adjuvant arthritis(AA)rat model and p...OBJECTIVE To investigate the anit-inflammatory effect of extracts of Dendropanax dentiger(Harms)Merr and Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides(Spring)Holub on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)using adjuvant arthritis(AA)rat model and possible mechanisms.METHODS The AA rat model of RA was induced in adult SparagueDawley(SD)rats by injecting of the adjuvant at base oftail.One-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:normal saline group(blank control),D.dentiger decoction group(80g·kg-1·d-1),L.Casuarinoides decoction group(80 g·kg·d-1),the total of glucoside Tripterygium(GTT)group(positive control,2 mg·kg-1·d-1).They were administered orally for 6weeks.Histopathology of tissues arthritis rats was observed by H.E staining.The volume of paw swelling was measured and the arthritis inflammation index was calculated.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected by the ELISA assay.In addition,previous study has reported that plant-derived mi RNAs play a role for cross kingdom regulatory potential.Thus,we also performed RNA-seq technique to identify bioactive mi RNAs via comparative transcriptome analysis between D.dentiger and L.Casuarinoides.RESULTS Comparing with AA model group,the volume of paw swelling and the arthritis index were increased significantly in the AA rat model group(P<0.01),suggesting that the AA model rats were prepared properly.Compared with the AA model group,the volume of paw swelling of D.dentiger decoction group,L.Casuarinoides decoction group was decreased by 25.2%and 10.3%,respectively,and the arthritis index was decreased by 27.2%and 18.3%,respectively.Compared with AA model group,TNF-αprotein expression of D.dentiger decoction group and L.Casuarinoides decoction groups were decreased by 16.3%and 14.7%,and IL-1βprotein expression was decreased by 23.6%,18.9%(P<0.05,P<0.01),respectively.Besides,we found that some plant-derived homologous mi RNAs(such as mi RNA192 and mi RNA30a)associated with cell apoptosis processing have been screened out via comparative transcriptome analysis.But the underlying mechanisms about two mi RNAs function needs much more investigate.CONCLUSION Results showed significant anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extracts of D.dentiger and L.Cauarinoides and justifying their therapeutic role in inflammatory condition.Furthermore,anti-inflammatory effect of D.dentiger and L.Cauarinoides may be attribute to the herb-derived mi RNAs cross-kingdom regulation.展开更多
Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction prepared from Disporum cantoniense （Lour.） Merr. 70% ethanol extract with a cellular model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods RAW264.7 cells we...Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction prepared from Disporum cantoniense （Lour.） Merr. 70% ethanol extract with a cellular model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanol fraction （25,50 and 100 g · L^-1 ） and stimu- the conditioned media was collected and analyzed. The quantity of ni- lated with LPS （10 μg· L^-1） for 24 hours, tric oxide （NO） was assayed by Griess reagent. The production of inflammatory mediators was determined by en- zyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, such as prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, tumor necrosis factor ot （TNF-ot） interleukin- 1 β （IL-1 β） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） in cell supernatant. The concentrations of inflammatory medi- 9 ators were calculated according to the standard curves generated by each of the recombinant cytokines provided with LPS can induce RAW264.7 cells to promote the pro- the ELISA kits. Results Compared with the control group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Compared with the duction of inflammatory mediators （P 〈 0.01 ） , including NO, PGE2, model group, ethanol fraction significantly suppressed LPS induced release of inflammatory mediators such as nitric NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in a good dose dependent manner （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Eth- anol fraction could significantly inhibit the production of LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells, and its anti-inflammatory effect may be related to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. These results demonstrate that the ethanol fraction is the bioactive component of Disporum can- toniense （Lour.） Merr. , and the ethanol fraction will be further developed as a herbal remedy for preventive and/ or curative purposes in various inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Skin care products with carbonic acid(H_(2)CO_(3))have gained extensive attention worldwide.However,the conversion of CO_(2) to H_(2)CO_(3) is not stable,and the mechanism of the effect of H_(2)CO_(3) on skin care has...Skin care products with carbonic acid(H_(2)CO_(3))have gained extensive attention worldwide.However,the conversion of CO_(2) to H_(2)CO_(3) is not stable,and the mechanism of the effect of H_(2)CO_(3) on skin care has not been clearly proved.The hydration-dissolution behaviors of CO_(2) were investigated under different temperature,pH,and pressure conditions.Moreover,based on the phenomenon of CO_(2) hydration transformation,the inflammatory effect of CO_(2) hydrate on macrophages(RAW 264.7)was investigated.The result shows that the increase in temperature weakened the hydration of CO_(2),and the increase in pH and pressure both promoted the water-phase transformation of CO_(2).When pH<6,CO_(2) reacts with water to generate H_(2)CO_(3).When pH was between 6-7,the prompt solution was a mixture of H_(2)CO_(3) and HCO_(3)^(-).When the pH was between 7-9,they mainly generated HCO_(3)^(-).And when pH>9,CO_(2) solubility mainly converts to CO_(3)^(2-).Besides,CO_(2) can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors by RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the p38 protein.CO_(2) hydrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CO_(2) hydration inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38.The hydration-dissolution behavior of CO_(2) was investigated.This work revealed the anti-inflammatory bioeffect of CO_(2) hydrate,providing a theoretical basis and application support for CO_(2) skin care products.展开更多
Baicalin(BA)is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases and shows anti-inflammatory effects.The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of BA both in vitro and in vivo.In ani...Baicalin(BA)is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases and shows anti-inflammatory effects.The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of BA both in vitro and in vivo.In animal models,acetic acid-induced writhing was used to assess analgesic activity.In addition,a variety of tests including xylene-induced ear edema test,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)assays and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary hyperpermeability test were used to evaluate antiinflammatory activity of BA.BA at 0.2 and 0.1 mg·mL-1 doses expressed analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities in mice.In acetic acid induced writhing test,BA applying three times,twice and once a day significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response within 15 min by 7.80%(*p<0.05),7.50%(**p<0.01)and 6.25%(**p<0.01).In xylene-induced ear edema test,BA at 0.2,0.1 and 0.05 mg·mL-1 decreased ear edema by 45.50%(**p<0.01),15.20%(*p<0.05)and 9.10%(*p<0.05).In acetic acidinduced peritoneal capillary hyperpermeability test,BA exhibited significant inhibition(*p<0.05 versus control)of inflammation.In MIC assays,the MIC values of baicalin for S.aureus and Escherichia coli were 125 mg•mL-1,and the MIC values for the control bacteria ATCC25922 and ATCC25923 were 62.5 mg·mL-1.These findings suggested baicalin might contain analgesic and antiinflammatory agents which supported its use in traditional medicine.展开更多
Aim The present study aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of 6-AP on murine model of aller- gic contact dermatitis （ACD）. Methods 6＇-acetylpaeoniflorin （6-AP） was synthesized from paeoniflorin （Pae）...Aim The present study aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of 6-AP on murine model of aller- gic contact dermatitis （ACD）. Methods 6＇-acetylpaeoniflorin （6-AP） was synthesized from paeoniflorin （Pae） via acetylation and the structure was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS. ACD model was established by repeated application of dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） to induce skin immune inflammation. The mice were oral- ly administered 6-AP （35, 70, 140 mg. kg-1 ·d^-l）, Pae （70 rag. kg-1·d^-1） and prednisone （Pre, 5 rag. kg^- 1· d^-1 ） from day 1 to day 7 after Cutaneous inflammation was evaluated by ear swelling and histological exami- nation. Splenocyte proliferation was assayed by the 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide assay. The cytokine production in the splenocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Topical application of DNCB to the skin provoked obvious swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration. 6- AP significantly inhibited ear swelling, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal keratinization. Ad- dtionally, 6-AP obviously alleviated the hyperplasia of red pulp and germinal center （GC） appearance, decreased spleen index, decreased spleen index, and inhibited splenocyte proliferation in ACD model, compared to that of Pae. Further, the study indicated that 6-AP treatment could increase IL-10 level, while reduce IL-17 level in splenocytes simultaneously. The correlation analysis displayed significantly positive correlations between IL-17 level and the severity of skin inflammation, while negative correlations between IL-10 level and skin inflammation. Con- clusion 6-AP has a significantly higher anti-inflammatory effect than Pae, and it may be a useful treatment for ACD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To develop an in vitro airway epithelial cell model suitable for the large-scale studies of compounds that can suppress lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα)-induced airway inflammat...OBJECTIVE To develop an in vitro airway epithelial cell model suitable for the large-scale studies of compounds that can suppress lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα)-induced airway inflammation.METHODS We have optimized the protocols to culture BEAS-2B,a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line,in glass-bottom 384-well microtiter plates.The cells were stimulated with TNFαand LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa,a common lunginfection pathogen in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.We used ELISA to measure the secretion levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines,interleukin(IL)-6and-8,after 0,4,8,16,24 hof stimulation;and immunofluorescence microscopy to measure the nuclear translocation of RelA,a subunit of the NF-κB complex,after 0,15,30,60,120 min of stimulation.To suppress the inflammatory response,we pre-treated the cells with a specific IκB kinase-2inhibitor,TPCA-1;the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata,andrographolide;and DMSO control for 1h.RESULTS We found that individual stimulant(either TNFα10ng·mL-1 or LPS 10μg·mL-1)increased the IL-6and IL-8 secretion levels by^12-17 foldsas compared to DMSO controls after 8h of stimulation.The combined stimulation(10ng·mL-1 TNFαand 10μg·mL-1 LPS)induced even higher IL-6 and -8 levels(~18-21 folds)at the same time points.Importantly,our imaging study shows that the NF-κB activation is early but transient under TNFαstimulation,late but sustained under LPS stimulation,and early and sustained under the combined stimulation.Finally,we also found that TPCA-1 10μmol·L-1 or andrographolide 30μmol·L-1 drastically reduced the IL-6 and -8 levels down to 4.5-9 folds as compared to the controls.CONCLUSIONThe combined TNFαand LPS stimulations induce faster and more sustained inflammatory responses,which can still be suppressed by anti-inflammatory compounds in our cell model.These more comprehensive activations of inflammatory signaling pathways will enable us to study and distinguish the mechanisms of different anti-inflammatory compounds or natural products.展开更多
Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on r...Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.展开更多
With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death...With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Therefore,neurons the protection is the key issuesof neurological disease prevention and treatment. Polysaccharide is one of the important active substances in life activities,and has many biological activities. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active substances in life activities. They have many biological activities,such as energy storage,structural support,defense and antigen characterization. In addition,it is characterized by small toxicity,high safety and versatility. Polysaccharides also have other biological activities,such as anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,neuroprotection and so on. As the active polysaccharide safe,non-toxic,in medicine,agriculture,food and other industries have a broad development and application value and prospects,having become a hot topic in many disciplines at home and abroad. More and more research evidence shows that polysaccharides in the neuroprotective aspects of the study more and more comprehensive and in-depth.In this paper,we reviewed the role of polysaccharides in neuroprotective mechanisms,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,promoting proliferation of neural cells,promoting neuronal differentiation,and inhibiting apoptosis of neurons.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis(AR)alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(AOK)extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal cla...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis(AR)alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(AOK)extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal claims.METHODS Crude extracts(methanol/95%-ethanol/ethyl acetate)of AOK root/stem/leaf and fractions(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/aqueous)of AOK root extractwere prepared.Xylene-induced ear swelling model in mouse and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR model in guinea pig were established.Ear swelling degrees of mice were measured.The numbers of rubbing movement and sneezes of guinea pigs were counted to evaluate the symptoms of AR.The serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA assay.The histological changes of nasal mucosa were investigated by light microscope after H&E staining.Antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts were also tested.LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to characterize the constituents of active extract and molecular docking was conducted to predict the biological mechanism.RESULTS In ear-swelling model,extract(100.00 mg·kg^-1)from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol(100.00 mg·kg^-1)showed better swelling inhibition in mice than positive control(dexamethasone,191.91 mg·kg^-1).In AR model,extract from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol significantly alleviated the AR symp⁃toms in guinea pigs,decreased the serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1,and reduced the infiltration of eosinophil in nasal mucosa.For Staphylococcus aureus,the ethyl acetate extract of AOK stem showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=1.25 g·L^-1),for Escherichia coli,n-butanol layer of 95%ethanol extract of AOK root showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=15.00 g·L^-1),for Candida glabrata,95%-ethanol extract of AOK stem showed the best inhibition(MIC=0.064 g·L^-1),while ethyl acetate and n-butanol layers showed similar inhibition on MRSA(MIC=7.50 g·L-1).LC-MS/MS characteriza⁃tion showed that dicaffeoylquinic acids account for more than 30%of ethyl acetate layer of AOK extract.Dicaffeoylquinic acids bind with histamine-1 receptor with high affinities and interesting modes.CONCLUSION Extracts from AOK had interesting anti-inflammatory activity in mice,alleviating effect against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs,and antimicrobial activities in vitro,which support the ethno-medicinal use of it.The main constituents in ethyl acetate layer of AOK root extract are dicaffeoylquinic acids and could bind with histamine-1 receptor well.These findings highlighted the impor⁃tance of natural product chemistry study of AOK.展开更多
文摘The vagus nerve can control inflammatory response through a ＇ cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway＇, which is mediated by the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on macrophages. However, the intracel- lular mechanisms that link α7nAChR activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production remain not well under- stood. In this study, we found that miR-124 is upregulated by cholinergic agonists in LPS-exposed cells and mice. Utilizing miR-124 mimic and siRNA knockdown, we demonstrated that miR-124 is a critical mediator for the cho- linergic anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, our data indicated that miR-124 modulates LPS-induced cytokine production by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） to decrease IL-6 production and TNF-α converting enzyme （TACE） to reduce TNF-ot release. These results also indicate that miR-124 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
基金The project supported by Science and Technology External Cooperation Key Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20151BDH80020)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the anit-inflammatory effect of extracts of Dendropanax dentiger(Harms)Merr and Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides(Spring)Holub on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)using adjuvant arthritis(AA)rat model and possible mechanisms.METHODS The AA rat model of RA was induced in adult SparagueDawley(SD)rats by injecting of the adjuvant at base oftail.One-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:normal saline group(blank control),D.dentiger decoction group(80g·kg-1·d-1),L.Casuarinoides decoction group(80 g·kg·d-1),the total of glucoside Tripterygium(GTT)group(positive control,2 mg·kg-1·d-1).They were administered orally for 6weeks.Histopathology of tissues arthritis rats was observed by H.E staining.The volume of paw swelling was measured and the arthritis inflammation index was calculated.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected by the ELISA assay.In addition,previous study has reported that plant-derived mi RNAs play a role for cross kingdom regulatory potential.Thus,we also performed RNA-seq technique to identify bioactive mi RNAs via comparative transcriptome analysis between D.dentiger and L.Casuarinoides.RESULTS Comparing with AA model group,the volume of paw swelling and the arthritis index were increased significantly in the AA rat model group(P<0.01),suggesting that the AA model rats were prepared properly.Compared with the AA model group,the volume of paw swelling of D.dentiger decoction group,L.Casuarinoides decoction group was decreased by 25.2%and 10.3%,respectively,and the arthritis index was decreased by 27.2%and 18.3%,respectively.Compared with AA model group,TNF-αprotein expression of D.dentiger decoction group and L.Casuarinoides decoction groups were decreased by 16.3%and 14.7%,and IL-1βprotein expression was decreased by 23.6%,18.9%(P<0.05,P<0.01),respectively.Besides,we found that some plant-derived homologous mi RNAs(such as mi RNA192 and mi RNA30a)associated with cell apoptosis processing have been screened out via comparative transcriptome analysis.But the underlying mechanisms about two mi RNAs function needs much more investigate.CONCLUSION Results showed significant anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extracts of D.dentiger and L.Cauarinoides and justifying their therapeutic role in inflammatory condition.Furthermore,anti-inflammatory effect of D.dentiger and L.Cauarinoides may be attribute to the herb-derived mi RNAs cross-kingdom regulation.
文摘Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction prepared from Disporum cantoniense （Lour.） Merr. 70% ethanol extract with a cellular model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanol fraction （25,50 and 100 g · L^-1 ） and stimu- the conditioned media was collected and analyzed. The quantity of ni- lated with LPS （10 μg· L^-1） for 24 hours, tric oxide （NO） was assayed by Griess reagent. The production of inflammatory mediators was determined by en- zyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, such as prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, tumor necrosis factor ot （TNF-ot） interleukin- 1 β （IL-1 β） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） in cell supernatant. The concentrations of inflammatory medi- 9 ators were calculated according to the standard curves generated by each of the recombinant cytokines provided with LPS can induce RAW264.7 cells to promote the pro- the ELISA kits. Results Compared with the control group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Compared with the duction of inflammatory mediators （P 〈 0.01 ） , including NO, PGE2, model group, ethanol fraction significantly suppressed LPS induced release of inflammatory mediators such as nitric NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in a good dose dependent manner （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Eth- anol fraction could significantly inhibit the production of LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells, and its anti-inflammatory effect may be related to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. These results demonstrate that the ethanol fraction is the bioactive component of Disporum can- toniense （Lour.） Merr. , and the ethanol fraction will be further developed as a herbal remedy for preventive and/ or curative purposes in various inflammatory diseases.
文摘Skin care products with carbonic acid(H_(2)CO_(3))have gained extensive attention worldwide.However,the conversion of CO_(2) to H_(2)CO_(3) is not stable,and the mechanism of the effect of H_(2)CO_(3) on skin care has not been clearly proved.The hydration-dissolution behaviors of CO_(2) were investigated under different temperature,pH,and pressure conditions.Moreover,based on the phenomenon of CO_(2) hydration transformation,the inflammatory effect of CO_(2) hydrate on macrophages(RAW 264.7)was investigated.The result shows that the increase in temperature weakened the hydration of CO_(2),and the increase in pH and pressure both promoted the water-phase transformation of CO_(2).When pH<6,CO_(2) reacts with water to generate H_(2)CO_(3).When pH was between 6-7,the prompt solution was a mixture of H_(2)CO_(3) and HCO_(3)^(-).When the pH was between 7-9,they mainly generated HCO_(3)^(-).And when pH>9,CO_(2) solubility mainly converts to CO_(3)^(2-).Besides,CO_(2) can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors by RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the p38 protein.CO_(2) hydrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CO_(2) hydration inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38.The hydration-dissolution behavior of CO_(2) was investigated.This work revealed the anti-inflammatory bioeffect of CO_(2) hydrate,providing a theoretical basis and application support for CO_(2) skin care products.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772801)Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG23)。
文摘Baicalin(BA)is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases and shows anti-inflammatory effects.The present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of BA both in vitro and in vivo.In animal models,acetic acid-induced writhing was used to assess analgesic activity.In addition,a variety of tests including xylene-induced ear edema test,minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)assays and acetic acid-induced peritoneal capillary hyperpermeability test were used to evaluate antiinflammatory activity of BA.BA at 0.2 and 0.1 mg·mL-1 doses expressed analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities in mice.In acetic acid induced writhing test,BA applying three times,twice and once a day significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response within 15 min by 7.80%(*p<0.05),7.50%(**p<0.01)and 6.25%(**p<0.01).In xylene-induced ear edema test,BA at 0.2,0.1 and 0.05 mg·mL-1 decreased ear edema by 45.50%(**p<0.01),15.20%(*p<0.05)and 9.10%(*p<0.05).In acetic acidinduced peritoneal capillary hyperpermeability test,BA exhibited significant inhibition(*p<0.05 versus control)of inflammation.In MIC assays,the MIC values of baicalin for S.aureus and Escherichia coli were 125 mg•mL-1,and the MIC values for the control bacteria ATCC25922 and ATCC25923 were 62.5 mg·mL-1.These findings suggested baicalin might contain analgesic and antiinflammatory agents which supported its use in traditional medicine.
文摘Aim The present study aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of 6-AP on murine model of aller- gic contact dermatitis （ACD）. Methods 6＇-acetylpaeoniflorin （6-AP） was synthesized from paeoniflorin （Pae） via acetylation and the structure was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS. ACD model was established by repeated application of dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） to induce skin immune inflammation. The mice were oral- ly administered 6-AP （35, 70, 140 mg. kg-1 ·d^-l）, Pae （70 rag. kg-1·d^-1） and prednisone （Pre, 5 rag. kg^- 1· d^-1 ） from day 1 to day 7 after Cutaneous inflammation was evaluated by ear swelling and histological exami- nation. Splenocyte proliferation was assayed by the 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide assay. The cytokine production in the splenocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Topical application of DNCB to the skin provoked obvious swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration. 6- AP significantly inhibited ear swelling, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal keratinization. Ad- dtionally, 6-AP obviously alleviated the hyperplasia of red pulp and germinal center （GC） appearance, decreased spleen index, decreased spleen index, and inhibited splenocyte proliferation in ACD model, compared to that of Pae. Further, the study indicated that 6-AP treatment could increase IL-10 level, while reduce IL-17 level in splenocytes simultaneously. The correlation analysis displayed significantly positive correlations between IL-17 level and the severity of skin inflammation, while negative correlations between IL-10 level and skin inflammation. Con- clusion 6-AP has a significantly higher anti-inflammatory effect than Pae, and it may be a useful treatment for ACD.
基金The project supported by National Medical Research Council Cooperative Basic Research Grant(CBRG11nov032)the Bioinformatics Institute,Biomedical Research Council,A*STAR,Singapore
文摘OBJECTIVE To develop an in vitro airway epithelial cell model suitable for the large-scale studies of compounds that can suppress lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα)-induced airway inflammation.METHODS We have optimized the protocols to culture BEAS-2B,a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line,in glass-bottom 384-well microtiter plates.The cells were stimulated with TNFαand LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa,a common lunginfection pathogen in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.We used ELISA to measure the secretion levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines,interleukin(IL)-6and-8,after 0,4,8,16,24 hof stimulation;and immunofluorescence microscopy to measure the nuclear translocation of RelA,a subunit of the NF-κB complex,after 0,15,30,60,120 min of stimulation.To suppress the inflammatory response,we pre-treated the cells with a specific IκB kinase-2inhibitor,TPCA-1;the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata,andrographolide;and DMSO control for 1h.RESULTS We found that individual stimulant(either TNFα10ng·mL-1 or LPS 10μg·mL-1)increased the IL-6and IL-8 secretion levels by^12-17 foldsas compared to DMSO controls after 8h of stimulation.The combined stimulation(10ng·mL-1 TNFαand 10μg·mL-1 LPS)induced even higher IL-6 and -8 levels(~18-21 folds)at the same time points.Importantly,our imaging study shows that the NF-κB activation is early but transient under TNFαstimulation,late but sustained under LPS stimulation,and early and sustained under the combined stimulation.Finally,we also found that TPCA-1 10μmol·L-1 or andrographolide 30μmol·L-1 drastically reduced the IL-6 and -8 levels down to 4.5-9 folds as compared to the controls.CONCLUSIONThe combined TNFαand LPS stimulations induce faster and more sustained inflammatory responses,which can still be suppressed by anti-inflammatory compounds in our cell model.These more comprehensive activations of inflammatory signaling pathways will enable us to study and distinguish the mechanisms of different anti-inflammatory compounds or natural products.
文摘Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
文摘With the aging of the population intensified,neurodegenerative diseases have become a major problem that plagues modern people. In the organism,the pathological process common to these diseases is the damage and death of neurons in the central nervous system. Therefore,neurons the protection is the key issuesof neurological disease prevention and treatment. Polysaccharide is one of the important active substances in life activities,and has many biological activities. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active substances in life activities. They have many biological activities,such as energy storage,structural support,defense and antigen characterization. In addition,it is characterized by small toxicity,high safety and versatility. Polysaccharides also have other biological activities,such as anti-tumor,hypoglycemic,immune regulation,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,neuroprotection and so on. As the active polysaccharide safe,non-toxic,in medicine,agriculture,food and other industries have a broad development and application value and prospects,having become a hot topic in many disciplines at home and abroad. More and more research evidence shows that polysaccharides in the neuroprotective aspects of the study more and more comprehensive and in-depth.In this paper,we reviewed the role of polysaccharides in neuroprotective mechanisms,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,promoting proliferation of neural cells,promoting neuronal differentiation,and inhibiting apoptosis of neurons.
基金Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2017MS0870)Science and Technology Planning Project of Inner Mongolia(201702139)
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and allergic rhinitis(AR)alleviating effect as well as in vitro antimicrobial activities of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.(AOK)extracts to verify its ethno-medicinal claims.METHODS Crude extracts(methanol/95%-ethanol/ethyl acetate)of AOK root/stem/leaf and fractions(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/aqueous)of AOK root extractwere prepared.Xylene-induced ear swelling model in mouse and ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR model in guinea pig were established.Ear swelling degrees of mice were measured.The numbers of rubbing movement and sneezes of guinea pigs were counted to evaluate the symptoms of AR.The serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA assay.The histological changes of nasal mucosa were investigated by light microscope after H&E staining.Antimicrobial activities of AOK extracts were also tested.LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to characterize the constituents of active extract and molecular docking was conducted to predict the biological mechanism.RESULTS In ear-swelling model,extract(100.00 mg·kg^-1)from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol(100.00 mg·kg^-1)showed better swelling inhibition in mice than positive control(dexamethasone,191.91 mg·kg^-1).In AR model,extract from the ethyl acetate layer of 95%ethanol significantly alleviated the AR symp⁃toms in guinea pigs,decreased the serum levels of histamine,INF-γ,IL-2/4/10,and VCAM-1,and reduced the infiltration of eosinophil in nasal mucosa.For Staphylococcus aureus,the ethyl acetate extract of AOK stem showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=1.25 g·L^-1),for Escherichia coli,n-butanol layer of 95%ethanol extract of AOK root showed the highest inhibi⁃tion(MIC=15.00 g·L^-1),for Candida glabrata,95%-ethanol extract of AOK stem showed the best inhibition(MIC=0.064 g·L^-1),while ethyl acetate and n-butanol layers showed similar inhibition on MRSA(MIC=7.50 g·L-1).LC-MS/MS characteriza⁃tion showed that dicaffeoylquinic acids account for more than 30%of ethyl acetate layer of AOK extract.Dicaffeoylquinic acids bind with histamine-1 receptor with high affinities and interesting modes.CONCLUSION Extracts from AOK had interesting anti-inflammatory activity in mice,alleviating effect against OVA-induced AR in guinea pigs,and antimicrobial activities in vitro,which support the ethno-medicinal use of it.The main constituents in ethyl acetate layer of AOK root extract are dicaffeoylquinic acids and could bind with histamine-1 receptor well.These findings highlighted the impor⁃tance of natural product chemistry study of AOK.
