The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and...The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and interviews to professional engineers and building users,a comprehensive evaluation index system was established on facility management of high-rise office buildings.A Fuzzy AHP based upon hierarchy criteria system was established.A Fuzzy AHP Evaluation Model on Facility Management System was set up;α-cut analysis was introduced and incorporated with expert knowledge together,which made up the optimism index λ.The fuzzy optimum crisp weight of each criterion was resulted from data-mining.Case investigations were processed in high-rise office buildings in Shenyang.The results illustrated that indoor air quality,thermal comfort and life cycle cost were the most important indexes in the evaluation of Facility Management System of high rise office buildings.Residents in high-rise buildings in Shenyang pay less attention to maintenance management and environment protection.By comparison with the analysis result of Export Choice,Fuzzy AHP-based evaluation model could act as a scientific reference for the establishment of governmental standards in facility management area in building.展开更多
结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercr...结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation,CRITIC)复合权重,联用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)多指标综合评价模型。采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定黄芪各部位和组织中无机元素含量,综合化学计量学探究元素径、轴向分布规律,筛选特征元素。计算重金属有害元素的污染指数、靶标危害系数,以进行安全性和健康风险评估。利用AHP-CRITIC设定元素权重,构建TOPSIS模型评价黄芪品质。结果表明,仅S1和S4周皮中Cu超出《中国药典》限量。但超半数周皮中As和Pb不符合药食目录的限量。无机元素主要集中于根的周皮,Al在周皮中的含量可达其他组织的50~100倍。而Zn、Mo等元素在韧皮部或木质部含量高于周皮。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,仿野生芪能明显分为周皮、韧皮部、木质部3类,B、Na、K、Ca、Zn、Mo为特殊指征元素。黄芪原粉使用时Al、Pb对人体存在一定的健康风险,水煎服无明显健康风险。AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型结果显示,山西朔州、陕西榆林、甘肃定西整体的黄芪品质较好。建立的分析方法适用于黄芪各部位结构中无机元素的含量测定,其健康风险评估体系可为黄芪无机元素的控制、去皮加工和药食用方式提供参考。基于补充无机元素方面,构建AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型可用于评价黄芪品质。展开更多
Good indoor environmental quality enhances occupant health,comfort and productivity. In order to know the status of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls,five large underground shopping malls in f...Good indoor environmental quality enhances occupant health,comfort and productivity. In order to know the status of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls,five large underground shopping malls in five central districts of Chongqing,China,were surveyed. 2 411 questionnaires were distributed,and 98.5% of them were returned. From the results of questionnaire survey,the following conclusions were obtained:(1) in the five underground shopping malls surveyed,only shopping mall D in Nan'an district accords with the ASHRAE standard for good indoor air quality; (2) odors and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms are widespread in the underground shopping malls. The SBS occurrence rates for women and salespersons are higher than those of men and customers,respectively; (3) in the evaluation of the indoor environment,the indoor air quality dissatisfaction rate is the highest,followed by the thermal environment; and (4) women and salespersons generally have higher rates of dissatisfaction with the indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls than men and customers,respectively.展开更多
文摘The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and interviews to professional engineers and building users,a comprehensive evaluation index system was established on facility management of high-rise office buildings.A Fuzzy AHP based upon hierarchy criteria system was established.A Fuzzy AHP Evaluation Model on Facility Management System was set up;α-cut analysis was introduced and incorporated with expert knowledge together,which made up the optimism index λ.The fuzzy optimum crisp weight of each criterion was resulted from data-mining.Case investigations were processed in high-rise office buildings in Shenyang.The results illustrated that indoor air quality,thermal comfort and life cycle cost were the most important indexes in the evaluation of Facility Management System of high rise office buildings.Residents in high-rise buildings in Shenyang pay less attention to maintenance management and environment protection.By comparison with the analysis result of Export Choice,Fuzzy AHP-based evaluation model could act as a scientific reference for the establishment of governmental standards in facility management area in building.
文摘结合化学计量学,探究25种元素在黄芪各部位和组织结构的富集规律,对重金属有害元素进行健康风险评估,并建立用于黄芪品质评价的层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-指标相关性的指标权重法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation,CRITIC)复合权重,联用逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)多指标综合评价模型。采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定黄芪各部位和组织中无机元素含量,综合化学计量学探究元素径、轴向分布规律,筛选特征元素。计算重金属有害元素的污染指数、靶标危害系数,以进行安全性和健康风险评估。利用AHP-CRITIC设定元素权重,构建TOPSIS模型评价黄芪品质。结果表明,仅S1和S4周皮中Cu超出《中国药典》限量。但超半数周皮中As和Pb不符合药食目录的限量。无机元素主要集中于根的周皮,Al在周皮中的含量可达其他组织的50~100倍。而Zn、Mo等元素在韧皮部或木质部含量高于周皮。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,仿野生芪能明显分为周皮、韧皮部、木质部3类,B、Na、K、Ca、Zn、Mo为特殊指征元素。黄芪原粉使用时Al、Pb对人体存在一定的健康风险,水煎服无明显健康风险。AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型结果显示,山西朔州、陕西榆林、甘肃定西整体的黄芪品质较好。建立的分析方法适用于黄芪各部位结构中无机元素的含量测定,其健康风险评估体系可为黄芪无机元素的控制、去皮加工和药食用方式提供参考。基于补充无机元素方面,构建AHP-CRITIC加权TOPSIS模型可用于评价黄芪品质。
基金Project(2007BB7351) supported by Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC and Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Laboratory of Education Ministry
文摘Good indoor environmental quality enhances occupant health,comfort and productivity. In order to know the status of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls,five large underground shopping malls in five central districts of Chongqing,China,were surveyed. 2 411 questionnaires were distributed,and 98.5% of them were returned. From the results of questionnaire survey,the following conclusions were obtained:(1) in the five underground shopping malls surveyed,only shopping mall D in Nan'an district accords with the ASHRAE standard for good indoor air quality; (2) odors and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms are widespread in the underground shopping malls. The SBS occurrence rates for women and salespersons are higher than those of men and customers,respectively; (3) in the evaluation of the indoor environment,the indoor air quality dissatisfaction rate is the highest,followed by the thermal environment; and (4) women and salespersons generally have higher rates of dissatisfaction with the indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls than men and customers,respectively.
