《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准...《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。展开更多
《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准...《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。展开更多
《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration, JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标...《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration, JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。展开更多
通过药物治疗使耳鸣减轻或消失是医患双方的共同期待,因而寻找有效治疗耳鸣的药物一直是耳鸣研究的重点之一。国内外学者在耳鸣的药物治疗方面进行着不懈的探索,所得结果不尽相同,尚未能形成药物治疗方面的共识[1~3];而且,至今没有任何...通过药物治疗使耳鸣减轻或消失是医患双方的共同期待,因而寻找有效治疗耳鸣的药物一直是耳鸣研究的重点之一。国内外学者在耳鸣的药物治疗方面进行着不懈的探索,所得结果不尽相同,尚未能形成药物治疗方面的共识[1~3];而且,至今没有任何药物被FDA（food and drug administration）或者EMEA（european medicines agency）标识为＂耳鸣治疗用药，医生始终在为没有疗效确切的药物可用于治疗耳鸣而苦恼。展开更多
Since the founding of Beijing Forestry University(formerly BeijingForestry College)forty years ago it has undergone difficulties and hardshipsbut by insisting on the principle of producing both personnel and research ...Since the founding of Beijing Forestry University(formerly BeijingForestry College)forty years ago it has undergone difficulties and hardshipsbut by insisting on the principle of producing both personnel and research find-ings for the forest construction in China scientific research has been placed in amost important position. In 1952,at the beginning of the University’s establishment,all teachersand students were engaged in teaching and learning and administrative展开更多
Decentralization and strengthening supervision are the two wings of the reform of administrative examination and approval system. At present, in the supervision process of Chinese government, the phenomenon of strict ...Decentralization and strengthening supervision are the two wings of the reform of administrative examination and approval system. At present, in the supervision process of Chinese government, the phenomenon of strict approval and slack supervision still exists in some local governments. And the dynamic supervision mechanism and supervision restriction mechanism of some local governments are still not perfect. These problems directly lead to"regulatory vacuum"and service absence and other circumstances. The existence of these circumstances will block the process of China's administrative examination and approval system reform. As a result to explore how to promote government supervision innovation and optimize government services is the first important thing, and then to create conditions for the rapid, stable and orderly progress of the administrative examination,what's more to approval system reform.Based on this thesis, the author realizes legal supervision, implement informatization supervision.It not only has increased normalized supervision, improve the administrative examination and approval all-round supervision mechanism, but also established the third party assessment normalization mechanism, and optimize the administrative examination and approval policy advocacy mechanism as well.展开更多
in the early period of southern song,Emperor GaoZong and XiaoZong ages,the court tired to offer and support the war horses for his cavalries by breeding.So the emperors and government had erected some horse farm in di...in the early period of southern song,Emperor GaoZong and XiaoZong ages,the court tired to offer and support the war horses for his cavalries by breeding.So the emperors and government had erected some horse farm in different areas in order to propagate and breed horses but faced with a sea of troubles they finally had to give up after successive failures.The horse breeding was an important affair in horse administrations of southern song,the author of this article had make an general collection for the records of the topic and offered us a more comprehensive introduction.展开更多
The motor cortex plays a key role in motor control as its output directly generates movement.However,it is known that the motor cortex also exhibits a high degree of plasticity that may be important in both health and...The motor cortex plays a key role in motor control as its output directly generates movement.However,it is known that the motor cortex also exhibits a high degree of plasticity that may be important in both health and disease.Here I provide evidence to support that dopaminergic innervation arising from the midbrain plays critical roles in the process of acquiring novel motor skills as well as recovery of motor functions after ischemic stroke.Based on extracel ular multi-unit recordings from conscious freely moving rats,we investigated the dynamics of neurons in the output layer 5b(L5b)of the primary motor cortex during the training of a forelimb reaching for food task.We found a subpopulation of task-recruited layer 5b neurons that not only became more movement-encoding during motor learning,but their activities were also more temporally aligned to motor execution.These phenomena were accompanied by the emergence of reproducibleneurodynamics of the L5b neuronal ensemble and traininginduced long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to these neurons,but were highly disrupted by local denervation of dopaminergic inputs originating from the ventral tegmental area.In another series of experiments based on rodent models of focal ischemic stroke,administration of L-DOPA,the precursor of dopamine,significantly promoted motor function recovery.Morphological and biochemical examination of the perilesioned area provided evidence that neuroplasticity markers,dendritic arborisation and synaptic plasticity were increased by the treatment.Further examination of neuronal activity through in vivo recording revealed that motor cortical regions adjacent to the infarct had restored capability for synaptic plasticity.Finally,pharmacological blockade of either D1 or D2 receptors at the perilesioned region abolished the beneficial effects.Together,our findings highlight the importance of the plasticity of the motor cortex in health and disease that are mediated by the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.展开更多
The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25...The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.展开更多
The author has observed the epithelium and basement membrane of uterus, oviduct and fimbriae in mice under the TEM by oral administration of AgNo<sub>3</sub> tracer. The results showed that there was obvio...The author has observed the epithelium and basement membrane of uterus, oviduct and fimbriae in mice under the TEM by oral administration of AgNo<sub>3</sub> tracer. The results showed that there was obvious deposit of argentum granules outside the basement membrane of mucosal epithelium of the uterus, oviduct and fimbriae as well as outside the basement membrane of uterine glands. And there was dilatation fully filled with high electron-dense argentum granules at the intercellular space just beneath the tight junction between the mucosal epithelial cells of uterus, oviduet, fimbriae. All these finding suggest that the uterus, oviduct and fimbriae serve as barriers to the heavy metal argentum ions.展开更多
Antisense oligonucleotides have been shown to beunique drugs that achieve their effect by targetingmRNA with which they can hybridize and specificallyblock gene expression, offering the possibility ofspecific, rationa...Antisense oligonucleotides have been shown to beunique drugs that achieve their effect by targetingmRNA with which they can hybridize and specificallyblock gene expression, offering the possibility ofspecific, rational drug design. However, there havebeen many concerns that have limited enthusiasm forthe development of these drugs from the preclinical展开更多
文摘《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。
文摘《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration,JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。
文摘《公共行政评论》(Journal of Public Administration, JPA)采用严格的匿名评审制度,致力于为国内外所有有志于公共管理研究的人士构建平等的交流平台,营造一个温暖的精神家园。现不拘作者专业、身份与地域,以聚焦公共管理领域为征稿标准,以学术品质为用稿标准,向国内外学术界、实务界热忱征集言之有物、论之有据、符合学术规范、遵守学术道德的论文、理论综述、书评、评论和博士学位论文摘要。
文摘通过药物治疗使耳鸣减轻或消失是医患双方的共同期待,因而寻找有效治疗耳鸣的药物一直是耳鸣研究的重点之一。国内外学者在耳鸣的药物治疗方面进行着不懈的探索,所得结果不尽相同,尚未能形成药物治疗方面的共识[1~3];而且,至今没有任何药物被FDA（food and drug administration）或者EMEA（european medicines agency）标识为＂耳鸣治疗用药，医生始终在为没有疗效确切的药物可用于治疗耳鸣而苦恼。
文摘Since the founding of Beijing Forestry University(formerly BeijingForestry College)forty years ago it has undergone difficulties and hardshipsbut by insisting on the principle of producing both personnel and research find-ings for the forest construction in China scientific research has been placed in amost important position. In 1952,at the beginning of the University’s establishment,all teachersand students were engaged in teaching and learning and administrative
基金the Research on Government Responsibility in the Process of Purchasing Public Service and the project of social science in Anhui Province(AHSKY 2014018)It is also a cooperation fund of the national administrative institute and one of the results of A Study on the Construction of the Responsibility List and the Government of the Rule of Law
文摘Decentralization and strengthening supervision are the two wings of the reform of administrative examination and approval system. At present, in the supervision process of Chinese government, the phenomenon of strict approval and slack supervision still exists in some local governments. And the dynamic supervision mechanism and supervision restriction mechanism of some local governments are still not perfect. These problems directly lead to"regulatory vacuum"and service absence and other circumstances. The existence of these circumstances will block the process of China's administrative examination and approval system reform. As a result to explore how to promote government supervision innovation and optimize government services is the first important thing, and then to create conditions for the rapid, stable and orderly progress of the administrative examination,what's more to approval system reform.Based on this thesis, the author realizes legal supervision, implement informatization supervision.It not only has increased normalized supervision, improve the administrative examination and approval all-round supervision mechanism, but also established the third party assessment normalization mechanism, and optimize the administrative examination and approval policy advocacy mechanism as well.
文摘in the early period of southern song,Emperor GaoZong and XiaoZong ages,the court tired to offer and support the war horses for his cavalries by breeding.So the emperors and government had erected some horse farm in different areas in order to propagate and breed horses but faced with a sea of troubles they finally had to give up after successive failures.The horse breeding was an important affair in horse administrations of southern song,the author of this article had make an general collection for the records of the topic and offered us a more comprehensive introduction.
基金The project supported by NSFC grant(SZRIA0314025)SRFDP-HKRGC grant(2900703)+1 种基金HKGRF grant(2140903)HMRF grant(02130976)
文摘The motor cortex plays a key role in motor control as its output directly generates movement.However,it is known that the motor cortex also exhibits a high degree of plasticity that may be important in both health and disease.Here I provide evidence to support that dopaminergic innervation arising from the midbrain plays critical roles in the process of acquiring novel motor skills as well as recovery of motor functions after ischemic stroke.Based on extracel ular multi-unit recordings from conscious freely moving rats,we investigated the dynamics of neurons in the output layer 5b(L5b)of the primary motor cortex during the training of a forelimb reaching for food task.We found a subpopulation of task-recruited layer 5b neurons that not only became more movement-encoding during motor learning,but their activities were also more temporally aligned to motor execution.These phenomena were accompanied by the emergence of reproducibleneurodynamics of the L5b neuronal ensemble and traininginduced long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to these neurons,but were highly disrupted by local denervation of dopaminergic inputs originating from the ventral tegmental area.In another series of experiments based on rodent models of focal ischemic stroke,administration of L-DOPA,the precursor of dopamine,significantly promoted motor function recovery.Morphological and biochemical examination of the perilesioned area provided evidence that neuroplasticity markers,dendritic arborisation and synaptic plasticity were increased by the treatment.Further examination of neuronal activity through in vivo recording revealed that motor cortical regions adjacent to the infarct had restored capability for synaptic plasticity.Finally,pharmacological blockade of either D1 or D2 receptors at the perilesioned region abolished the beneficial effects.Together,our findings highlight the importance of the plasticity of the motor cortex in health and disease that are mediated by the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.
基金Supported by Natural Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province(C201424)
文摘The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.
文摘The author has observed the epithelium and basement membrane of uterus, oviduct and fimbriae in mice under the TEM by oral administration of AgNo<sub>3</sub> tracer. The results showed that there was obvious deposit of argentum granules outside the basement membrane of mucosal epithelium of the uterus, oviduct and fimbriae as well as outside the basement membrane of uterine glands. And there was dilatation fully filled with high electron-dense argentum granules at the intercellular space just beneath the tight junction between the mucosal epithelial cells of uterus, oviduet, fimbriae. All these finding suggest that the uterus, oviduct and fimbriae serve as barriers to the heavy metal argentum ions.
文摘Antisense oligonucleotides have been shown to beunique drugs that achieve their effect by targetingmRNA with which they can hybridize and specificallyblock gene expression, offering the possibility ofspecific, rational drug design. However, there havebeen many concerns that have limited enthusiasm forthe development of these drugs from the preclinical
