以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ...以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。展开更多
以钛酸四丁酯水解反应原位生成的TiO_(2)包覆微胶囊红磷(microcapsulated red phosphorus,TDP)为主体阻燃剂,开展PC/ABS合金的协效阻燃研究。以PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的LOI值、UL-94等级为主要考察指标,筛选并确定较适宜的TDP基三元协效复...以钛酸四丁酯水解反应原位生成的TiO_(2)包覆微胶囊红磷(microcapsulated red phosphorus,TDP)为主体阻燃剂,开展PC/ABS合金的协效阻燃研究。以PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的LOI值、UL-94等级为主要考察指标,筛选并确定较适宜的TDP基三元协效复合阻燃剂及其质量配比为TDP∶ZnO∶DOPO=16∶4∶5。燃烧特性、阻燃性能和力学性能等测试、分析结果显示,随TDP/ZnO/DOPO添加量的增大,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的着火时间(TTI)、热释放速率峰值(PHRR)、总热释放量(THR)、平均有效燃烧热(AEHC)、CO_(2)释放量峰值等燃烧特性数值均下降,阻燃性能(LOI值、UL-94等级)提升,但弯曲强度、拉伸强度均稍有下降。综合考虑,认为较适宜三元协效复合阻燃剂添加量为5%(质量分数),此时,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的LOI值为28.6%、UL-94等级为V-0级;相较于PC/ABS合金,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的TTI、PHRR、THR、AEHC、CO_(2)释放量峰值分别下降了27.27%、21.62%、22.10%、5.95%、25.97%,弯曲强度、拉伸强度分别下降了19.65%、13.26%。对三元协效复合阻燃剂的阻燃作用机制进行了初步探讨,认为TDP/ZnO/DOPO对PC/ABS合金的阻燃是DOPO的气相阻燃、TDP和ZnO的凝聚相阻燃两种作用机制协同作用的结果。展开更多
This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Appl...This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.展开更多
为了解决电动汽车在加速和制动过程中容易发生滑移和抖动、不能满足稳定性和舒适性的要求,提出了一种基于主从式非线性模型预测(nonlinear model prediction,NMP)直接转矩控制(direct torque controt,DTC)的电动汽车鲁棒控制策略。采用...为了解决电动汽车在加速和制动过程中容易发生滑移和抖动、不能满足稳定性和舒适性的要求,提出了一种基于主从式非线性模型预测(nonlinear model prediction,NMP)直接转矩控制(direct torque controt,DTC)的电动汽车鲁棒控制策略。采用双电机-单控制器主从式驱动模型,基于模糊逻辑控制器,在线确定权重因子的精确值,生成优化电动汽车驱动决策的最优切换状态,保证电机速度的精确跟踪。结合NMP-DTC电机控制方法,设计了一种模糊逻辑ASR/ABS控制器,以角加速度变化和滑移率变化为输入,以补偿转矩为输出变量,根据道路特性的变化提供补偿转矩,保证电动汽车行驶在最佳滑移率范围内,提高行驶的稳定性。基于MATLAB/Simulink进行变负载转矩电机跟踪和汽车纵向稳定性仿真,与参考速度进行对比分析。结果表明,所提出的主从式NMP-DTC的电动汽车ASR/ABS控制,在变负载下不仅电机跟踪轨迹误差降低,而且可保证在加速和制动过程中车辆的纵向稳定性控制。展开更多
文摘以废打印机壳PC/ABS再生粒子(R-PC/ABS)为基体材料,对苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸脂)(HDP)和梯形倍半硅氧烷(TSQ)为阻燃剂,采用熔融共混制备了无卤阻燃PC/ABS,对其阻燃性能、力学性能、尺寸稳定性和负荷热变形温度(HDT)进行分析,结果发现,TSQ可以阻燃R-PC/ABS,并且,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT影响较小,R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ的LOI为29.8%,阻燃达到3.0 mm V-0和2.0 mm V-1级;HDP可以有效地阻燃R-PC/ABS,但是,对力学性能、尺寸稳定性和HDT的负面影响较大,R-PC/ABS/12HDP的LOI为36.1%,阻燃可达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS相比,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别降低了20.2℃、26.6%、14.5%、16.9%和60.9%;R-PC/ABS/0.8TSQ/6HDP的LOI为35.7%,阻燃级别达到UL 941.0 mm V-0级,与R-PC/ABS/12HDP相比,模后收缩率(PMS)降低了19.7%,HDT、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度分别提高了13℃、21.0%、11.3%、14.3%和85.9%。
文摘以钛酸四丁酯水解反应原位生成的TiO_(2)包覆微胶囊红磷(microcapsulated red phosphorus,TDP)为主体阻燃剂,开展PC/ABS合金的协效阻燃研究。以PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的LOI值、UL-94等级为主要考察指标,筛选并确定较适宜的TDP基三元协效复合阻燃剂及其质量配比为TDP∶ZnO∶DOPO=16∶4∶5。燃烧特性、阻燃性能和力学性能等测试、分析结果显示,随TDP/ZnO/DOPO添加量的增大,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的着火时间(TTI)、热释放速率峰值(PHRR)、总热释放量(THR)、平均有效燃烧热(AEHC)、CO_(2)释放量峰值等燃烧特性数值均下降,阻燃性能(LOI值、UL-94等级)提升,但弯曲强度、拉伸强度均稍有下降。综合考虑,认为较适宜三元协效复合阻燃剂添加量为5%(质量分数),此时,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的LOI值为28.6%、UL-94等级为V-0级;相较于PC/ABS合金,PC/ABS阻燃复合材料的TTI、PHRR、THR、AEHC、CO_(2)释放量峰值分别下降了27.27%、21.62%、22.10%、5.95%、25.97%,弯曲强度、拉伸强度分别下降了19.65%、13.26%。对三元协效复合阻燃剂的阻燃作用机制进行了初步探讨,认为TDP/ZnO/DOPO对PC/ABS合金的阻燃是DOPO的气相阻燃、TDP和ZnO的凝聚相阻燃两种作用机制协同作用的结果。
文摘This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.
文摘为了解决电动汽车在加速和制动过程中容易发生滑移和抖动、不能满足稳定性和舒适性的要求,提出了一种基于主从式非线性模型预测(nonlinear model prediction,NMP)直接转矩控制(direct torque controt,DTC)的电动汽车鲁棒控制策略。采用双电机-单控制器主从式驱动模型,基于模糊逻辑控制器,在线确定权重因子的精确值,生成优化电动汽车驱动决策的最优切换状态,保证电机速度的精确跟踪。结合NMP-DTC电机控制方法,设计了一种模糊逻辑ASR/ABS控制器,以角加速度变化和滑移率变化为输入,以补偿转矩为输出变量,根据道路特性的变化提供补偿转矩,保证电动汽车行驶在最佳滑移率范围内,提高行驶的稳定性。基于MATLAB/Simulink进行变负载转矩电机跟踪和汽车纵向稳定性仿真,与参考速度进行对比分析。结果表明,所提出的主从式NMP-DTC的电动汽车ASR/ABS控制,在变负载下不仅电机跟踪轨迹误差降低,而且可保证在加速和制动过程中车辆的纵向稳定性控制。
