目的探究微小RNA-195-5p(microRNA-195-5p,miR-195-5p)对心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)大鼠心肌纤维化的影响与机制。方法选择雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为对照组、AF组、阴性对照组、miR-195-5p组(miR-195-5p抑制剂)、9型重组腺相关病...目的探究微小RNA-195-5p(microRNA-195-5p,miR-195-5p)对心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)大鼠心肌纤维化的影响与机制。方法选择雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为对照组、AF组、阴性对照组、miR-195-5p组(miR-195-5p抑制剂)、9型重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9,rAAV9)组(miR-195-5p抑制剂+rAAV9-阴性对照)、联合组[miR-195-5p抑制剂+rAAV9-小干扰RNA-SMAD同源物(SMAD homolog,Smad)]7,每组12只。除对照组外,其他组大鼠构建AF模型。给予对应干预措施后,进行心电图测试,记录AF发生率和持续时间;HE染色检测心肌组织病理变化;Masson染色检测心肌组织纤维化程度;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测心肌组织miR-195-5p、Smad7mRNA表达;Western blot检测心肌组织转化生长因子β_(1)(transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))、Smad2、磷酸化Smad2、Smad3、磷酸化Smad3、Smad7、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(Collagen-Ⅲ)表达;双荧光素酶实验验证miR-195-5p对Smad7的调控作用。结果与对照组比较,AF组AF发生率(75.0%vs 0)和持续时间[(27.02±2.65)s vs 0s]、胶原容积分数[(14.47±0.89)%vs(2.12±0.35)%]、心肌组织miR-195-5p(3.27±0.21 vs 1.00±0.10)、TGF-β_(1)(0.76±0.08 vs 0.23±0.04)、Collagen-Ⅰ(0.58±0.07 vs 0.20±0.04)、Collagen-Ⅲ(0.46±0.05 vs 0.11±0.02)、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2(0.92±0.10 vs 0.37±0.05)、磷酸化Smad3/Smad3(0.65±0.06 vs 0.14±0.03)表达明显升高,Smad7mRNA(0.32±0.06 vs 1.02±0.09)和Smad7(0.19±0.03 vs 0.58±0.07)表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与AF组和阴性对照组比较,miR-195-5p组AF发生率和持续时间、胶原容积分数、心肌组织miR-195-5p、TGF-β_(1)、Collagen-Ⅰ、Collagen-Ⅲ、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2和磷酸化Smad3/Smad3表达明显降低,Smad7mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与miR-195-5p组和rAAV9组比较,联合组AF发生率和持续时间、胶原容积分数、心肌组织TGF-β_(1)、Collagen-Ⅰ、Collagen-Ⅲ、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2和磷酸化Smad3/Smad3表达明显升高,Smad7mRNA和Smad7表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论下调miR-195-5p可能靶向Smad7抑制TGF-β_(1)信号传导,从而减轻AF心肌纤维化。展开更多
目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer,HPLC-MS/MS)检测果膏中晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF...目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer,HPLC-MS/MS)检测果膏中晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)的方法。方法枇杷果膏以纯水浸提、超声处理后,再经离心、固相萃取、氨水-甲醇溶液洗脱得到AGEs提取液,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测正离子源模式检测;果膏经纯水浸提、乙酸乙酯提取、固相萃取、10%甲醇洗脱得到5-HMF提取液,以体积比10%甲醇水为流动相,在柱温30℃下检测。结果3种目标物在浓度范围内均线性关系良好;检出限和定量限均小于1[AGEs/(ng/mL);5-HMF/(μg/mL)],可满足痕量物质的检测要求;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)均小于10%,且在16 h样品待测时间范围内低于0.6%;加标回收率均大于85%。结论本研究优化的方法可满足定量分析的基本要求,具有良好的准确性和稳定性,为热加工果蔬产品质量与安全研究提供了检测手段。展开更多
生物可及性是5-甲基四氢叶酸钙(5-methyltetrahydrocalcium folate,5-MTHF)发挥生物功能的前提,易受到食品组分的影响。该文以乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate,WPC)和5-MTHF为研究对象,利用体外消化系统,探究WPC在不同条件下(浓...生物可及性是5-甲基四氢叶酸钙(5-methyltetrahydrocalcium folate,5-MTHF)发挥生物功能的前提,易受到食品组分的影响。该文以乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate,WPC)和5-MTHF为研究对象,利用体外消化系统,探究WPC在不同条件下(浓度、加工方式、胃肠pH、消化时间)对5-MTHF生物可及性的影响,并采用胶体粒径电位仪与激光共聚焦观察消化前后粒子微观结构的变化。结果表明,在胃消化阶段,WPC可将5-MTHF紧密包裹,较好地保护了5-MTHF,并成功转运至肠消化阶段完成释放,提高了5-MTHF的生物可及性。同时,WPC浓度、WPC加工方式、胃肠pH、消化时间等均不同程度影响5-MTHF的生物可及性和粒径、电位。其中,在胃消化阶段,各WPC-5-MTHF组均未检测出5-MTHF,生物可及性为0。在肠消化阶段,WPC-5-MTHF组的生物可及性随WPC浓度的增加而提高,较5-MTHF组的生物可及性提高了11.1%~19.61%;超声处理组、高压均质组、加热处理组的生物可及性较未加工处理组分别减少了8.49%、9.52%、8.75%;在肠pH为7、消化时间为5 h时,WPC-5-MTHF组拥有最佳生物可及性,分别为45.17%、42.32%,与5-MTHF组相比,提高到2倍左右。粒径和电位的结果显示,WPC-5-MTHF组较WPC拥有更小的粒径,更大的电位绝对值,并且WPC-5-MTHF结构的变化会引起消化特性的改变,该研究为5-甲基四氢叶酸钙在乳制品中的应用提供理论指导。展开更多
Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for ...Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.展开更多
文摘目的探究微小RNA-195-5p(microRNA-195-5p,miR-195-5p)对心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)大鼠心肌纤维化的影响与机制。方法选择雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为对照组、AF组、阴性对照组、miR-195-5p组(miR-195-5p抑制剂)、9型重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9,rAAV9)组(miR-195-5p抑制剂+rAAV9-阴性对照)、联合组[miR-195-5p抑制剂+rAAV9-小干扰RNA-SMAD同源物(SMAD homolog,Smad)]7,每组12只。除对照组外,其他组大鼠构建AF模型。给予对应干预措施后,进行心电图测试,记录AF发生率和持续时间;HE染色检测心肌组织病理变化;Masson染色检测心肌组织纤维化程度;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测心肌组织miR-195-5p、Smad7mRNA表达;Western blot检测心肌组织转化生长因子β_(1)(transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))、Smad2、磷酸化Smad2、Smad3、磷酸化Smad3、Smad7、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(Collagen-Ⅲ)表达;双荧光素酶实验验证miR-195-5p对Smad7的调控作用。结果与对照组比较,AF组AF发生率(75.0%vs 0)和持续时间[(27.02±2.65)s vs 0s]、胶原容积分数[(14.47±0.89)%vs(2.12±0.35)%]、心肌组织miR-195-5p(3.27±0.21 vs 1.00±0.10)、TGF-β_(1)(0.76±0.08 vs 0.23±0.04)、Collagen-Ⅰ(0.58±0.07 vs 0.20±0.04)、Collagen-Ⅲ(0.46±0.05 vs 0.11±0.02)、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2(0.92±0.10 vs 0.37±0.05)、磷酸化Smad3/Smad3(0.65±0.06 vs 0.14±0.03)表达明显升高,Smad7mRNA(0.32±0.06 vs 1.02±0.09)和Smad7(0.19±0.03 vs 0.58±0.07)表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与AF组和阴性对照组比较,miR-195-5p组AF发生率和持续时间、胶原容积分数、心肌组织miR-195-5p、TGF-β_(1)、Collagen-Ⅰ、Collagen-Ⅲ、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2和磷酸化Smad3/Smad3表达明显降低,Smad7mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与miR-195-5p组和rAAV9组比较,联合组AF发生率和持续时间、胶原容积分数、心肌组织TGF-β_(1)、Collagen-Ⅰ、Collagen-Ⅲ、磷酸化Smad2/Smad2和磷酸化Smad3/Smad3表达明显升高,Smad7mRNA和Smad7表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论下调miR-195-5p可能靶向Smad7抑制TGF-β_(1)信号传导,从而减轻AF心肌纤维化。
文摘目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer,HPLC-MS/MS)检测果膏中晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)的方法。方法枇杷果膏以纯水浸提、超声处理后,再经离心、固相萃取、氨水-甲醇溶液洗脱得到AGEs提取液,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测正离子源模式检测;果膏经纯水浸提、乙酸乙酯提取、固相萃取、10%甲醇洗脱得到5-HMF提取液,以体积比10%甲醇水为流动相,在柱温30℃下检测。结果3种目标物在浓度范围内均线性关系良好;检出限和定量限均小于1[AGEs/(ng/mL);5-HMF/(μg/mL)],可满足痕量物质的检测要求;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)均小于10%,且在16 h样品待测时间范围内低于0.6%;加标回收率均大于85%。结论本研究优化的方法可满足定量分析的基本要求,具有良好的准确性和稳定性,为热加工果蔬产品质量与安全研究提供了检测手段。
文摘生物可及性是5-甲基四氢叶酸钙(5-methyltetrahydrocalcium folate,5-MTHF)发挥生物功能的前提,易受到食品组分的影响。该文以乳清浓缩蛋白(whey protein concentrate,WPC)和5-MTHF为研究对象,利用体外消化系统,探究WPC在不同条件下(浓度、加工方式、胃肠pH、消化时间)对5-MTHF生物可及性的影响,并采用胶体粒径电位仪与激光共聚焦观察消化前后粒子微观结构的变化。结果表明,在胃消化阶段,WPC可将5-MTHF紧密包裹,较好地保护了5-MTHF,并成功转运至肠消化阶段完成释放,提高了5-MTHF的生物可及性。同时,WPC浓度、WPC加工方式、胃肠pH、消化时间等均不同程度影响5-MTHF的生物可及性和粒径、电位。其中,在胃消化阶段,各WPC-5-MTHF组均未检测出5-MTHF,生物可及性为0。在肠消化阶段,WPC-5-MTHF组的生物可及性随WPC浓度的增加而提高,较5-MTHF组的生物可及性提高了11.1%~19.61%;超声处理组、高压均质组、加热处理组的生物可及性较未加工处理组分别减少了8.49%、9.52%、8.75%;在肠pH为7、消化时间为5 h时,WPC-5-MTHF组拥有最佳生物可及性,分别为45.17%、42.32%,与5-MTHF组相比,提高到2倍左右。粒径和电位的结果显示,WPC-5-MTHF组较WPC拥有更小的粒径,更大的电位绝对值,并且WPC-5-MTHF结构的变化会引起消化特性的改变,该研究为5-甲基四氢叶酸钙在乳制品中的应用提供理论指导。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272150,22302177)Major Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD22B030002)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2021R51009)Public Technology Application Project of Jinhua City(2022-4-067)Self Designed Scientific Research of Zhejiang Normal University(2021ZS0604)。
文摘Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
