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论产品设计缺陷及其判定 被引量:21
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作者 冉克平 《东方法学》 CSSCI 2016年第2期12-22,共11页
现阶段,我国有关产品设计缺陷的案件逐渐增多,并成为判断产品责任的疑难问题。针对产品设计缺陷案件,应当适用过失责任原则,以改变产品责任一律适用严格责任归责原则的局面。我国现行法规定的不合理危险与国家标准、行业标准不足以适应... 现阶段,我国有关产品设计缺陷的案件逐渐增多,并成为判断产品责任的疑难问题。针对产品设计缺陷案件,应当适用过失责任原则,以改变产品责任一律适用严格责任归责原则的局面。我国现行法规定的不合理危险与国家标准、行业标准不足以适应产品设计缺陷案件的要求、司法实践中的认定欠缺说服力,可以借鉴"风险—效用"标准予以完善。在运用"风险—效用"规则时,受害人原则上应该提供缺陷产品的"替代性设计",并由法院对该替代设计的边际收益与边际成本予以权衡,以此作为认定产品设计是否具有"不合理危险"的具体标准。 展开更多
关键词 设计缺陷 严格责任 风险—效用 合理替代设计 过失责任 不合理危险
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Health risk of whole body vibration in mining trucks during various operational conditions
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作者 Rahimdel M.J Mirzaei M +1 位作者 Sattarvand J Hoseinie S.H 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第8期1808-1816,共9页
Mining machineries are generally exposed to intensive vibrations in harsh mining environment. If vibrations are beyond the tolerable limit, the machine and its operator health will be under the risk. In this work, the... Mining machineries are generally exposed to intensive vibrations in harsh mining environment. If vibrations are beyond the tolerable limit, the machine and its operator health will be under the risk. In this work, the vibration of a mining truck at different operational conditions are simulated and discussed. To achieve this aim, three haul roads with low, medium and poor qualities are considered based on the ISO standard. Accordingly, the vibration of a mining truck in different speeds, payload and distribution qualities of materials in the dump body are evaluated in each haul road quality using Trucksim software. The simulation results with statistical discussions indicate that the truck speed and the materials distribution quality have significant effects on the root mean square(RMS) of vertical vibrations. However, the effect of the payload is not considerable on the RMS. Moreover, the accumulation of materials on the rear side of the truck dump body is efficient on the vibrational health risk. 展开更多
关键词 mining trucks operational conditions health risk whole body vibration
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