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古代法律规范的层级性结构——从水利碑刻看非制定法的性质 被引量:5
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作者 李雪梅 《华东政法大学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第4期33-43,共11页
中国古代民间规范包括民间法律规范和民间规约,前者称为"非制定法",是基层法律规范的主体。非制定法与制定法的主要区别是两者的形成路径恰好相反。民间规约转变为"非制定法",需经过报官核准或官府认同的程序。中... 中国古代民间规范包括民间法律规范和民间规约,前者称为"非制定法",是基层法律规范的主体。非制定法与制定法的主要区别是两者的形成路径恰好相反。民间规约转变为"非制定法",需经过报官核准或官府认同的程序。中国古代法律规范具有顶层、中层和基层的结构体系,各层次的法律规范都具有公权、公益、禁罪罚和权利义务、核准程序等要素。 展开更多
关键词 律规范 民间规约 非制定法 碑刻史料
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A novel PID controller tuning method based on optimization technique 被引量:5
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作者 梁昔明 李山春 HASSAN A B 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2010年第5期1036-1042,共7页
An approach for parameter estimation of proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control system using a new nonlinear programming(NLP) algorithm was proposed.SQP/IIPM algorithm is a sequential quadratic programming(SQP) ... An approach for parameter estimation of proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control system using a new nonlinear programming(NLP) algorithm was proposed.SQP/IIPM algorithm is a sequential quadratic programming(SQP) based algorithm that derives its search directions by solving quadratic programming(QP) subproblems via an infeasible interior point method(IIPM) and evaluates step length adaptively via a simple line search and/or a quadratic search algorithm depending on the termination of the IIPM solver.The task of tuning PI/PID parameters for the first-and second-order systems was modeled as constrained NLP problem. SQP/IIPM algorithm was applied to determining the optimum parameters for the PI/PID control systems.To assess the performance of the proposed method,a Matlab simulation of PID controller tuning was conducted to compare the proposed SQP/IIPM algorithm with the gain and phase margin(GPM) method and Ziegler-Nichols(ZN) method.The results reveal that,for both step and impulse response tests,the PI/PID controller using SQP/IIPM optimization algorithm consistently reduce rise time,settling-time and remarkably lower overshoot compared to GPM and ZN methods,and the proposed method improves the robustness and effectiveness of numerical optimization of PID control systems. 展开更多
关键词 PID controller optimization infeasible interior point method sequential quadratic programming SIMULATION
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