In the present study,two-layered stainless steel-copper composites with a thickness of 50μm were initially subjected to annealing at 800,900 and 1000℃for 5 min,respectively,to achieve diverse microstructural feature...In the present study,two-layered stainless steel-copper composites with a thickness of 50μm were initially subjected to annealing at 800,900 and 1000℃for 5 min,respectively,to achieve diverse microstructural features.Then the influence of annealing temperature on the formability of stainless steel-copper composites and the quality of micro composite cups manufactured by micro deep drawing(MDD)were investigated,and the underlying mechanism was analyzed.Three finite element(FE)models,including basic FE model,Voronoi FE model and surface morphological FE model,were developed to analyze the forming performance of stainless steel-copper composites during MDD.The results show that the stainless steel-copper composites annealed at 900℃possess the best plasticity owing to the homogeneous and refined microstructure in both stainless steel and copper matrixes,and the micro composite cup with specimen annealed at 900℃exhibits a uniform wall thickness as well as high surface quality with the fewest wrinkles.The results obtained from the surface morphological FE model considering material inhomogeneity and surface morphology of the composites are the closest to the experimental results compared to the basic and Voronoi FE model.During MDD process,the drawing forces decrease with increasing annealing temperature as a consequence of the strength reduction.展开更多
An aluminum/copper clad composite was fabricated by the casting-cold extrusion forming technology and the microstructures of the products were observed and analyzed.It is found that aluminum grains at the interface ar...An aluminum/copper clad composite was fabricated by the casting-cold extrusion forming technology and the microstructures of the products were observed and analyzed.It is found that aluminum grains at the interface are refined in the radial profiles of cone-shaped deformation zone,but the grains in the center maintain the original state and the grain size is non-uniform.A clear boundary presents between the refined area and center area.In contrast,the copper grains in the radial profiles have been significantly refined.In the center area of the copper,the grains are bigger than those at the boundary.On the surface of the deformable body,the grain size is the smallest,but with irregular grain morphology.After the product is entirely extruded,all the copper and aluminum grains are refined with small and uniform morphology.In the center area,the average diameter of aluminum grains is smaller than 5 μm,and the copper grain on the surface is about 10 μm.At the interface,the grain size is very small,with a good combination of copper and aluminum.The thickness of interface is in the range of 10-15 μm.Energy spectrum analysis shows that CuAl3 phase presents at the interface.展开更多
基金Projects(51975398,52105392)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(YDZJSX2021A006)supported by the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China+1 种基金Project(20210035)supported by the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province,ChinaProject(2020-037)supported by the Fund Program for the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council,China。
文摘In the present study,two-layered stainless steel-copper composites with a thickness of 50μm were initially subjected to annealing at 800,900 and 1000℃for 5 min,respectively,to achieve diverse microstructural features.Then the influence of annealing temperature on the formability of stainless steel-copper composites and the quality of micro composite cups manufactured by micro deep drawing(MDD)were investigated,and the underlying mechanism was analyzed.Three finite element(FE)models,including basic FE model,Voronoi FE model and surface morphological FE model,were developed to analyze the forming performance of stainless steel-copper composites during MDD.The results show that the stainless steel-copper composites annealed at 900℃possess the best plasticity owing to the homogeneous and refined microstructure in both stainless steel and copper matrixes,and the micro composite cup with specimen annealed at 900℃exhibits a uniform wall thickness as well as high surface quality with the fewest wrinkles.The results obtained from the surface morphological FE model considering material inhomogeneity and surface morphology of the composites are the closest to the experimental results compared to the basic and Voronoi FE model.During MDD process,the drawing forces decrease with increasing annealing temperature as a consequence of the strength reduction.
基金Project(60806006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘An aluminum/copper clad composite was fabricated by the casting-cold extrusion forming technology and the microstructures of the products were observed and analyzed.It is found that aluminum grains at the interface are refined in the radial profiles of cone-shaped deformation zone,but the grains in the center maintain the original state and the grain size is non-uniform.A clear boundary presents between the refined area and center area.In contrast,the copper grains in the radial profiles have been significantly refined.In the center area of the copper,the grains are bigger than those at the boundary.On the surface of the deformable body,the grain size is the smallest,but with irregular grain morphology.After the product is entirely extruded,all the copper and aluminum grains are refined with small and uniform morphology.In the center area,the average diameter of aluminum grains is smaller than 5 μm,and the copper grain on the surface is about 10 μm.At the interface,the grain size is very small,with a good combination of copper and aluminum.The thickness of interface is in the range of 10-15 μm.Energy spectrum analysis shows that CuAl3 phase presents at the interface.
