Effects of alloying processing on tensile test properties of Fe 3Al based alloys have been studied. Results show that microalloying of cerium is very effective on increasing the room temperature ductility of Fe 3Al...Effects of alloying processing on tensile test properties of Fe 3Al based alloys have been studied. Results show that microalloying of cerium is very effective on increasing the room temperature ductility of Fe 3Al based alloys. Surface analysis by XPS demonstrates that cerium addition causes the change in the oxide chemistry and provides rapid passivation of the specimen surface. The high temperature strength and creep resistance of Fe 3Al based alloys can be significantly enhanced by alloying additions of tungsten, niobium or molybdenum, especially when combined additions of tungsten with niobium or molybdenum are used. The additions of tungsten, niobium or molybdenum also result in the significant microstructural refinement and the formation of fine precipitates which are identified as M 6C type carbide in the alloys containing tungsten.展开更多
The hardness values and the wear resistance of Al2O3P/ Zn-Al composite, prepared by means of rheological casting technology,are investigated separately in this work. The results show that the addition of Al2O3P increa...The hardness values and the wear resistance of Al2O3P/ Zn-Al composite, prepared by means of rheological casting technology,are investigated separately in this work. The results show that the addition of Al2O3P increases the hardness values of the matrix at both room and high temperature and improves the wear resistance of the material.The hardness values and the wear resistance of the composite rise with the increase of the particle volume fraction or the decrease of the particle size.The raising of test temperature results in a rapid descending of its hardness values.However, the addition of Al2O3P improves the property of high temperature resistance of Zn-Al alloys significantly.Moreover,the effect of quenching, tempering or cycling heat treatment on the hardness values of the composite is also studied.展开更多
Warm tensile tests for aluminum alloy 7022 sheet are held at different temperatures and strain rates. The range of temperature is 293-773 K and that of the strain rate is 0. 001-0.1 s^-1. The warm tensile properties,r...Warm tensile tests for aluminum alloy 7022 sheet are held at different temperatures and strain rates. The range of temperature is 293-773 K and that of the strain rate is 0. 001-0.1 s^-1. The warm tensile properties,relations among temperature,strain rate,and the flow stress are discussed. Constitutive equations under the warm tension are obtained based on revised Hooke law and Grosman equation. It is concluded that flow stress declines with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the strain rates. The elongation percentage increases with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of strain rate.展开更多
Aim To study the dielectric properties of diamond film. Methods Dielectric properties (the frequency dependenCe of conductance, permittivity, and loss factor) of diamond film preped by DC are plasma jet chemical vap...Aim To study the dielectric properties of diamond film. Methods Dielectric properties (the frequency dependenCe of conductance, permittivity, and loss factor) of diamond film preped by DC are plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were studied. Resuls Dielectric properties of CVD diamond fAn depend mainly on its polycrystalline nature, and the presence of non-diamond disordered graphitic regions and impurities between diamond grains of the film. Annealing at 500℃ leads to the removal of greater part of disordered graphitic regions, but am not remove all disordered graphitic regions and impurities. Conclusion Much work nab to be done tO prepare or post-treat diamond films before using CVD diamond as a substrate for electronic devices.展开更多
Through systematic cutting experiments, characteristics of the cutting performance of Ti(C, N) based cermets is identified. The experiments were designed to study their resistance,toughness, cutting force, tool-chip f...Through systematic cutting experiments, characteristics of the cutting performance of Ti(C, N) based cermets is identified. The experiments were designed to study their resistance,toughness, cutting force, tool-chip friction coefficient and machining quality by comparing them with those of WC based cemented carbides. The cutting data and the regressed empirical formulae would be useful to promote proper application of cermet cutting tool materials.展开更多
In machining the particle reinforced aluminum based composite material with high Si content using the cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide micro cutting tools, diamond like carbon (DLC) films are deposited on cobalt-cem...In machining the particle reinforced aluminum based composite material with high Si content using the cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide micro cutting tools, diamond like carbon (DLC) films are deposited on cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide micro-drills with two-step pretreatment method. Characteristics of DLC coated tools are investigated in bias-enhanced HFCVD system with the optimized hot filament arrangement. The optimization deposition technology is obtained and the wear mechanism of cutting tools is analyzed. The drilling performance of DLC coated tools is verified by the experiments of cutting particle reinforced aluminum based composite material (Si 15% in volume) compared with uncoated ones. Experimental results show that the two-step pretreatment method is appropriate for complex shaped cemented carbide substrates and ensures the good adhesive strength between the diamond film and the substrate. The cutting performance of DLC coated tool is enhanced 10 times when machining the Si particle reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composite compared with that of uncoated ones under the same cutting conditions.展开更多
With the introduction of Poisson's ratio in the expression of Young's modulus,nearly all the theoretical values of the various elastic moduli for the alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements can be greatl...With the introduction of Poisson's ratio in the expression of Young's modulus,nearly all the theoretical values of the various elastic moduli for the alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements can be greatly refined, with the single exception of the theoreticalvalue of Young's modulus for Pr which is slightly increased This points to the validityof the new theory, that the bulk modulus is independent of the Poisson's ratio, and further that the valency electron structures of solids as determined by Yu's theory are correct.展开更多
The modeling and identification of anisotropic damping property of Ni based single crystal alloys are presented. The anisotropic material damping property is modeled by 3 D rheological equations and identified by us...The modeling and identification of anisotropic damping property of Ni based single crystal alloys are presented. The anisotropic material damping property is modeled by 3 D rheological equations and identified by using specimen modal damping ratios and FEM simulation. The measured damping ratios which exhibit strong anisotropy are predicted better by the method presented than by other methods.展开更多
The corrosion of the anticorrosion coating and the defects of the asphalt concrete paved layer have been investigated on long-span steel box bridge decks. The anticorrosion coating lies in the midclle of two entirely ...The corrosion of the anticorrosion coating and the defects of the asphalt concrete paved layer have been investigated on long-span steel box bridge decks. The anticorrosion coating lies in the midclle of two entirely different materials: a highway steel box bridge deck and a paved layer, which is used as anticorrosion and waterproof coating for the steel bridge deck. For our study, electrochemical corrosion and pull strength experiments have been selected for the investigation of the corrosion properties of inorganic zinc rich coating, epoxy zinc rich coating and arc sprayed zinc coating. The adhesive strength between the coatings and the panel, and the effect of the coating corrosion on the shear properties of the paved layers including cast asphalt, thermal asphalt mortar, epoxy asphalt and modified asphalt con- crete have been investigated. The results show that the adhesive strength between the coatings and the bridge panel is controlled by the method of pre-processing rust removal. Coating by sandblasting has stronger adhesive strength than coating by shot peening. The results also reveal that shear strength of the paved layer is affected by the corrosion product of zinc coating. The arc sprayed zinc coating has stronger shear strength than zinc rich coatings.展开更多
The influence of the carrier pseudo-boehmite (PB), which was impregnated with a Ni-Mo-P solution under over- saturation conditions and treated at different temperatures, on its property for adsorption of active meta...The influence of the carrier pseudo-boehmite (PB), which was impregnated with a Ni-Mo-P solution under over- saturation conditions and treated at different temperatures, on its property for adsorption of active metals (Ni, Mo) was studied. The results showed that the amount for adsorption of active metal was decreased with an increasing treatment tem- perature of the carrier. After phase transition of the carrier PB to γ-Al2O3, its capacity for adsorption of active metals was significantly reduced. The difference in properties for adsorption of active metals (Ni, Mo) by PB dried at 120℃ and γ-Al2O3 calcined at 600℃ was studied in detail. The results suggested that the ability of the PB carrier to adsorb metals was higher than that of theγ-Al2O3 carrier. Especially, the ratio of chemically adsorbed metals on the PB support was much higher than 3'-alumina. The chemical adsorption sites on the PB carrier were proved to be much more than those on the γ-Al2O3 carrier. Ni and Mo chemical adsorption sites differed a lot on the carrier possibly because of the difference in chemical adsorption sites.展开更多
In order to improve the properties of ZA 27 and ZA4-3 zinc alloys and broaden their application ranges,SiC particlj1Ale composites, prepared by means of rheological casting technology, are investigated individually on...In order to improve the properties of ZA 27 and ZA4-3 zinc alloys and broaden their application ranges,SiC particlj1Ale composites, prepared by means of rheological casting technology, are investigated individually on their rT..t'llanical properties. The results of ne-cural strength, impact strensttl, compressive strength, hardness values and wear rate of the composites show that the addition of SiCp, leads to the increase of the compressive strength and hardness values at both room and higher temperature, and wear resistance of the materials, accompanying with the slight decrease of the fie-cural strength and sharp reduction of the impacttoughness. The factors affecting the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed in the paper.展开更多
The uptake capacities, and the adsorption kinetics, of copper, Cu(Ⅱ), nickel, Ni(Ⅱ), and cadmium, Cd(Ⅱ), on peat have been studied under static conditions. The results show that the adsorption rates are rapid...The uptake capacities, and the adsorption kinetics, of copper, Cu(Ⅱ), nickel, Ni(Ⅱ), and cadmium, Cd(Ⅱ), on peat have been studied under static conditions. The results show that the adsorption rates are rapid: equilibrium is reached in twenty minutes. The adsorption of copper, nickel and cadmium is pH dependent over the pH range from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics can be excellently described by the Elovich kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm fits a Langmuir model very well. The adsorption capacities follow the order Cu^2+ 〉 Ni^2+〉 Cd^2+ in single-component systems and the competitive adsorption capacities fall in the decreasing order Cu^2+ 〉 Ni^2+〉 Cd^2+ in multi-component systems. The adsorption capacities of these three heavy metal ions on peat are consistent with their observed competitive adsorption capacities.展开更多
KIDNEY involvement is common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with incidence up to 30%-40% in autopsy studies. However, it us- ually occurs late in the course of the diseaseand is clinically silent. Clinically overt...KIDNEY involvement is common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with incidence up to 30%-40% in autopsy studies. However, it us- ually occurs late in the course of the diseaseand is clinically silent. Clinically overt renal disease including acute kidney injury (AKI) as its primary manifestation is rarely reported, moreover, Fanconi syndrome (FS) is extremely rare as the main manifestation in NHL. In this report, we presented a case of NHL primarily presenting with FS and AKI due to diffuse interstitial infiltration of NHL cells and emphasized the important role of renal biopsy, especially renal immunohistochemical analysis in the diagnosis of renal diffuse lymphoma.展开更多
Objective To compare the long-term clinical effects of two kinds of crowns and bridges made of porcelain fused to Au-Pt alloy and Ni-Cr alloy. Methods A total of 131 teeth (64 patients) were rehabilitated using porcel...Objective To compare the long-term clinical effects of two kinds of crowns and bridges made of porcelain fused to Au-Pt alloy and Ni-Cr alloy. Methods A total of 131 teeth (64 patients) were rehabilitated using porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, among which 59 were rehabilitated with Au-Pt alloy metal ceramic crown and 72 with Ni-Cr alloy metal ceramic crown. The porcelain fracture, shade, marginal adaptation, gingival discoloration, and gingival status after finishing restoration and 36 months of follow-up were evaluated. Results After 36 months of restoration, porcelain fused to Au-Pt alloy crown showed better clinical effects than porcelain fused to Ni-Cr alloy crown in shade, marginal adaptation, gingival discoloration, as well as gingival status (all P<0.05). Conclusion The Au-Pt alloy ceramic crown is superior to Ni-Cr alloy ceramic crown in long-term clinical effects.展开更多
The commercial application results showed that the polymetallic reforming catalysts PRT exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. The performance of said catalysts could be restored completely through r...The commercial application results showed that the polymetallic reforming catalysts PRT exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. The performance of said catalysts could be restored completely through regeneration. After long period of operation, the activity of said catalysts still exhibited good sensitivity to temperature rise. Compared with the PR series catalysts, the PRT series catalysts had obviously better stability and lower coking rate.展开更多
Process and mechanism of high frequency were studied in this paper by means of cold attachment for the preparation of GNi WC25 coating . The results show its special distribution law of eddy current while the magnetic...Process and mechanism of high frequency were studied in this paper by means of cold attachment for the preparation of GNi WC25 coating . The results show its special distribution law of eddy current while the magnetic transition temperature and electric resistivity of the coating have been measured .Wear resistance of the high frequency induction coating has an advantage over those of laser cladding coating and oxygen acetylene spraying fusing coating . Moreover , the GNi WC25 coating by high frequency induction cladding has smooth surface and even microstructure.展开更多
The influence of active metal components of catalyst, additives and catalyst preparation method on the reactivity of catalyst for selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of FCC naphtha was investigated, and the RSDS-21 c...The influence of active metal components of catalyst, additives and catalyst preparation method on the reactivity of catalyst for selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of FCC naphtha was investigated, and the RSDS-21 catalyst with high HDS performance and the RSDS-22 catalyst with high selectivity were developed by RIPP. The composite loading of a new series of catalysts for selective HDS of FCC gasoline has demonstrated excellent desulfurization activity and selectivity and can under conventional hydrotreating conditions manufacture clean gasoline product meeting the national IV emission standard and the Euro V emission standard with less loss in antiknock index. The finalized new series of FCC catalysts upon being adopted for selective HDS of FCC naphtha have good adaptability to different feedstocks along with good stability.展开更多
文摘Effects of alloying processing on tensile test properties of Fe 3Al based alloys have been studied. Results show that microalloying of cerium is very effective on increasing the room temperature ductility of Fe 3Al based alloys. Surface analysis by XPS demonstrates that cerium addition causes the change in the oxide chemistry and provides rapid passivation of the specimen surface. The high temperature strength and creep resistance of Fe 3Al based alloys can be significantly enhanced by alloying additions of tungsten, niobium or molybdenum, especially when combined additions of tungsten with niobium or molybdenum are used. The additions of tungsten, niobium or molybdenum also result in the significant microstructural refinement and the formation of fine precipitates which are identified as M 6C type carbide in the alloys containing tungsten.
文摘The hardness values and the wear resistance of Al2O3P/ Zn-Al composite, prepared by means of rheological casting technology,are investigated separately in this work. The results show that the addition of Al2O3P increases the hardness values of the matrix at both room and high temperature and improves the wear resistance of the material.The hardness values and the wear resistance of the composite rise with the increase of the particle volume fraction or the decrease of the particle size.The raising of test temperature results in a rapid descending of its hardness values.However, the addition of Al2O3P improves the property of high temperature resistance of Zn-Al alloys significantly.Moreover,the effect of quenching, tempering or cycling heat treatment on the hardness values of the composite is also studied.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50772095)the Graduate Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (CX09B-073Z)~~
文摘Warm tensile tests for aluminum alloy 7022 sheet are held at different temperatures and strain rates. The range of temperature is 293-773 K and that of the strain rate is 0. 001-0.1 s^-1. The warm tensile properties,relations among temperature,strain rate,and the flow stress are discussed. Constitutive equations under the warm tension are obtained based on revised Hooke law and Grosman equation. It is concluded that flow stress declines with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the strain rates. The elongation percentage increases with the increase of the temperature and the decrease of strain rate.
文摘Aim To study the dielectric properties of diamond film. Methods Dielectric properties (the frequency dependenCe of conductance, permittivity, and loss factor) of diamond film preped by DC are plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were studied. Resuls Dielectric properties of CVD diamond fAn depend mainly on its polycrystalline nature, and the presence of non-diamond disordered graphitic regions and impurities between diamond grains of the film. Annealing at 500℃ leads to the removal of greater part of disordered graphitic regions, but am not remove all disordered graphitic regions and impurities. Conclusion Much work nab to be done tO prepare or post-treat diamond films before using CVD diamond as a substrate for electronic devices.
文摘Through systematic cutting experiments, characteristics of the cutting performance of Ti(C, N) based cermets is identified. The experiments were designed to study their resistance,toughness, cutting force, tool-chip friction coefficient and machining quality by comparing them with those of WC based cemented carbides. The cutting data and the regressed empirical formulae would be useful to promote proper application of cermet cutting tool materials.
文摘In machining the particle reinforced aluminum based composite material with high Si content using the cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide micro cutting tools, diamond like carbon (DLC) films are deposited on cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide micro-drills with two-step pretreatment method. Characteristics of DLC coated tools are investigated in bias-enhanced HFCVD system with the optimized hot filament arrangement. The optimization deposition technology is obtained and the wear mechanism of cutting tools is analyzed. The drilling performance of DLC coated tools is verified by the experiments of cutting particle reinforced aluminum based composite material (Si 15% in volume) compared with uncoated ones. Experimental results show that the two-step pretreatment method is appropriate for complex shaped cemented carbide substrates and ensures the good adhesive strength between the diamond film and the substrate. The cutting performance of DLC coated tool is enhanced 10 times when machining the Si particle reinforced aluminum based metal matrix composite compared with that of uncoated ones under the same cutting conditions.
文摘With the introduction of Poisson's ratio in the expression of Young's modulus,nearly all the theoretical values of the various elastic moduli for the alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements can be greatly refined, with the single exception of the theoreticalvalue of Young's modulus for Pr which is slightly increased This points to the validityof the new theory, that the bulk modulus is independent of the Poisson's ratio, and further that the valency electron structures of solids as determined by Yu's theory are correct.
文摘The modeling and identification of anisotropic damping property of Ni based single crystal alloys are presented. The anisotropic material damping property is modeled by 3 D rheological equations and identified by using specimen modal damping ratios and FEM simulation. The measured damping ratios which exhibit strong anisotropy are predicted better by the method presented than by other methods.
基金Project BK2005020 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Province
文摘The corrosion of the anticorrosion coating and the defects of the asphalt concrete paved layer have been investigated on long-span steel box bridge decks. The anticorrosion coating lies in the midclle of two entirely different materials: a highway steel box bridge deck and a paved layer, which is used as anticorrosion and waterproof coating for the steel bridge deck. For our study, electrochemical corrosion and pull strength experiments have been selected for the investigation of the corrosion properties of inorganic zinc rich coating, epoxy zinc rich coating and arc sprayed zinc coating. The adhesive strength between the coatings and the panel, and the effect of the coating corrosion on the shear properties of the paved layers including cast asphalt, thermal asphalt mortar, epoxy asphalt and modified asphalt con- crete have been investigated. The results show that the adhesive strength between the coatings and the bridge panel is controlled by the method of pre-processing rust removal. Coating by sandblasting has stronger adhesive strength than coating by shot peening. The results also reveal that shear strength of the paved layer is affected by the corrosion product of zinc coating. The arc sprayed zinc coating has stronger shear strength than zinc rich coatings.
文摘The influence of the carrier pseudo-boehmite (PB), which was impregnated with a Ni-Mo-P solution under over- saturation conditions and treated at different temperatures, on its property for adsorption of active metals (Ni, Mo) was studied. The results showed that the amount for adsorption of active metal was decreased with an increasing treatment tem- perature of the carrier. After phase transition of the carrier PB to γ-Al2O3, its capacity for adsorption of active metals was significantly reduced. The difference in properties for adsorption of active metals (Ni, Mo) by PB dried at 120℃ and γ-Al2O3 calcined at 600℃ was studied in detail. The results suggested that the ability of the PB carrier to adsorb metals was higher than that of theγ-Al2O3 carrier. Especially, the ratio of chemically adsorbed metals on the PB support was much higher than 3'-alumina. The chemical adsorption sites on the PB carrier were proved to be much more than those on the γ-Al2O3 carrier. Ni and Mo chemical adsorption sites differed a lot on the carrier possibly because of the difference in chemical adsorption sites.
文摘In order to improve the properties of ZA 27 and ZA4-3 zinc alloys and broaden their application ranges,SiC particlj1Ale composites, prepared by means of rheological casting technology, are investigated individually on their rT..t'llanical properties. The results of ne-cural strength, impact strensttl, compressive strength, hardness values and wear rate of the composites show that the addition of SiCp, leads to the increase of the compressive strength and hardness values at both room and higher temperature, and wear resistance of the materials, accompanying with the slight decrease of the fie-cural strength and sharp reduction of the impacttoughness. The factors affecting the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed in the paper.
基金Project[2006]331 supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China0504 by the Doctoral Initial Foundation of East China University of Technology070712 by the Initial Foundation by Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education of China
文摘The uptake capacities, and the adsorption kinetics, of copper, Cu(Ⅱ), nickel, Ni(Ⅱ), and cadmium, Cd(Ⅱ), on peat have been studied under static conditions. The results show that the adsorption rates are rapid: equilibrium is reached in twenty minutes. The adsorption of copper, nickel and cadmium is pH dependent over the pH range from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics can be excellently described by the Elovich kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm fits a Langmuir model very well. The adsorption capacities follow the order Cu^2+ 〉 Ni^2+〉 Cd^2+ in single-component systems and the competitive adsorption capacities fall in the decreasing order Cu^2+ 〉 Ni^2+〉 Cd^2+ in multi-component systems. The adsorption capacities of these three heavy metal ions on peat are consistent with their observed competitive adsorption capacities.
文摘KIDNEY involvement is common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with incidence up to 30%-40% in autopsy studies. However, it us- ually occurs late in the course of the diseaseand is clinically silent. Clinically overt renal disease including acute kidney injury (AKI) as its primary manifestation is rarely reported, moreover, Fanconi syndrome (FS) is extremely rare as the main manifestation in NHL. In this report, we presented a case of NHL primarily presenting with FS and AKI due to diffuse interstitial infiltration of NHL cells and emphasized the important role of renal biopsy, especially renal immunohistochemical analysis in the diagnosis of renal diffuse lymphoma.
文摘Objective To compare the long-term clinical effects of two kinds of crowns and bridges made of porcelain fused to Au-Pt alloy and Ni-Cr alloy. Methods A total of 131 teeth (64 patients) were rehabilitated using porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, among which 59 were rehabilitated with Au-Pt alloy metal ceramic crown and 72 with Ni-Cr alloy metal ceramic crown. The porcelain fracture, shade, marginal adaptation, gingival discoloration, and gingival status after finishing restoration and 36 months of follow-up were evaluated. Results After 36 months of restoration, porcelain fused to Au-Pt alloy crown showed better clinical effects than porcelain fused to Ni-Cr alloy crown in shade, marginal adaptation, gingival discoloration, as well as gingival status (all P<0.05). Conclusion The Au-Pt alloy ceramic crown is superior to Ni-Cr alloy ceramic crown in long-term clinical effects.
文摘The commercial application results showed that the polymetallic reforming catalysts PRT exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. The performance of said catalysts could be restored completely through regeneration. After long period of operation, the activity of said catalysts still exhibited good sensitivity to temperature rise. Compared with the PR series catalysts, the PRT series catalysts had obviously better stability and lower coking rate.
文摘Process and mechanism of high frequency were studied in this paper by means of cold attachment for the preparation of GNi WC25 coating . The results show its special distribution law of eddy current while the magnetic transition temperature and electric resistivity of the coating have been measured .Wear resistance of the high frequency induction coating has an advantage over those of laser cladding coating and oxygen acetylene spraying fusing coating . Moreover , the GNi WC25 coating by high frequency induction cladding has smooth surface and even microstructure.
文摘The influence of active metal components of catalyst, additives and catalyst preparation method on the reactivity of catalyst for selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of FCC naphtha was investigated, and the RSDS-21 catalyst with high HDS performance and the RSDS-22 catalyst with high selectivity were developed by RIPP. The composite loading of a new series of catalysts for selective HDS of FCC gasoline has demonstrated excellent desulfurization activity and selectivity and can under conventional hydrotreating conditions manufacture clean gasoline product meeting the national IV emission standard and the Euro V emission standard with less loss in antiknock index. The finalized new series of FCC catalysts upon being adopted for selective HDS of FCC naphtha have good adaptability to different feedstocks along with good stability.